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Honey badger

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Honey badger

The honey badger (Mellivora capensis), also known as the ratel ( or ), is a mammal widely distributed across Africa, Southwest Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. It is the only living species in both the genus Mellivora and the subfamily Mellivorinae. It has a fairly long body, with a distinctly thick-set and broad back, and remarkably loose skin, allowing the badger to turn and twist freely within it. The largest terrestrial mustelid in Africa, the honey badger measures 55 to 77 cm (22 to 30 in) long and weighs up to 16 kg (35 lb). Sexual dimorphism has been recorded in this species, with males being larger and heavier than females. It has two pairs of mammae, and an eversible anal pouch. The honey badger is a solitary animal that can be active at any time of day, depending on the location. It is primarily a carnivorous species and has few natural predators because of its thick skin, strength and ferocious defensive abilities. Adults maintain large home ranges, and display scent-marking behavior. The species has no fixed breeding period. After a gestation of 50–70 days, a female will give birth to an average of one to two cubs that will remain under her care for 1–1+1⁄4 years. Because of its wide range and occurrence in a variety of habitats, it is listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List. In popular media, the honey badger is best known as an aggressive, intelligent animal that is fearless and tough in nature.

Tables

· Taxonomy › Subspecies
Cape ratel (M. c. capensis) (Schreber, 1776)
Cape ratel (M. c. capensis) (Schreber, 1776)
Subspecies and authority
Cape ratel (M. c. capensis) (Schreber, 1776)
Range
South and southwestern Africa
Synonyms
mellivorus (Cuvier, 1798) ratel (Sparrman, 1777) typicus (Smith, 1833) vernayi (Roberts, 1932)
Indian ratel (M. c. indica) (Kerr, 1792)
Indian ratel (M. c. indica) (Kerr, 1792)
Subspecies and authority
Indian ratel (M. c. indica) (Kerr, 1792)
Description
Distinguished from capensis by its smaller size, paler fur and having a less distinct lateral white band separating the upper white and lower black areas of the body
Range
Western Middle Asia northward to the Ustyurt Plateau and eastward to Amu Darya. Outside the former Soviet Union, its range includes Afghanistan, Iran (except the southwestern part), western Pakistan and western India
Synonyms
mellivorus (Bennett, 1830) ratel (Horsfield, 1851) ratelus (Fraser, 1862)
Nepalese ratel (M. c. inaurita) (Hodgson, 1836)
Nepalese ratel (M. c. inaurita) (Hodgson, 1836)
Subspecies and authority
Nepalese ratel (M. c. inaurita) (Hodgson, 1836)
Description
Distinguished from indica by its longer, much woollier coat and having overgrown hair on its heels
Range
Nepal and contiguous areas east of it
White-backed ratel (M. c. leuconota) (Sclater, 1867)
White-backed ratel (M. c. leuconota) (Sclater, 1867)
Subspecies and authority
White-backed ratel (M. c. leuconota) (Sclater, 1867)
Description
The entire upper side from the face to half-way along the tail is pure creamy white with little admixture of black hairs
Range
West Africa, southern Morocco, former French Congo
Black ratel (M. c. cottoni) (Lydekker, 1906)
Black ratel (M. c. cottoni) (Lydekker, 1906)
Subspecies and authority
Black ratel (M. c. cottoni) (Lydekker, 1906)
Description
The fur is typically entirely black, with thin and harsh hairs.
Range
Ghana, northeastern Congo
Synonyms
sagulata (Hollister, 1910)
Lake Chad ratel (M. c. concisa) (Thomas and Wroughton, 1907)
Lake Chad ratel (M. c. concisa) (Thomas and Wroughton, 1907)
Subspecies and authority
Lake Chad ratel (M. c. concisa) (Thomas and Wroughton, 1907)
Description
The coat on the back consists largely of very long, pure white bristle-hairs amongst long, fine, black underfur. Its distinguishing feature from other subspecies is the lack of the usual white bristle-hairs in the lumbar area
Range
Sahel and Sudan zones, as far as Somaliland
Synonyms
brockmani (Wroughton and Cheesman, 1920) buchanani (Thomas, 1925)
Speckled ratel (M. c. signata) (Pocock, 1909)
Speckled ratel (M. c. signata) (Pocock, 1909)
Subspecies and authority
Speckled ratel (M. c. signata) (Pocock, 1909)
Description
Although its pelage is the normal dense white over the crown, this pale colour starts to thin out over the neck and shoulders, continuing to the rump where it fades into black. It possesses an extra lower molar on the left side of the jaw
Range
Sierra Leone
Ethiopian ratel (M. c. abyssinica) (Hollister, 1910)
Ethiopian ratel (M. c. abyssinica) (Hollister, 1910)
Subspecies and authority
Ethiopian ratel (M. c. abyssinica) (Hollister, 1910)
Range
Ethiopia
Persian ratel (M. c. wilsoni) (Cheesman, 1920)
Persian ratel (M. c. wilsoni) (Cheesman, 1920)
Subspecies and authority
Persian ratel (M. c. wilsoni) (Cheesman, 1920)
Range
Southwestern Iran and Iraq
Kenyan ratel (M. c. maxwelli) (Thomas, 1923)
Kenyan ratel (M. c. maxwelli) (Thomas, 1923)
Subspecies and authority
Kenyan ratel (M. c. maxwelli) (Thomas, 1923)
Range
Kenya
Arabian ratel (M. c. pumilio) Pocock, 1946
Arabian ratel (M. c. pumilio) Pocock, 1946
Subspecies and authority
Arabian ratel (M. c. pumilio) Pocock, 1946
Range
Hadhramaut, southern Arabia
Turkmenian ratel (M. c. buechneri) Baryshnikov, 2000
Turkmenian ratel (M. c. buechneri) Baryshnikov, 2000
Subspecies and authority
Turkmenian ratel (M. c. buechneri) Baryshnikov, 2000
Description
Similar to the subspecies indica and inaurita, but is distinguished by its larger size and narrower postorbital constriction
Range
Turkmenistan
Subspecies and authority
Description
Range
Synonyms
Cape ratel (M. c. capensis) (Schreber, 1776)
South and southwestern Africa
mellivorus (Cuvier, 1798) ratel (Sparrman, 1777) typicus (Smith, 1833) vernayi (Roberts, 1932)
Indian ratel (M. c. indica) (Kerr, 1792)
Distinguished from capensis by its smaller size, paler fur and having a less distinct lateral white band separating the upper white and lower black areas of the body
Western Middle Asia northward to the Ustyurt Plateau and eastward to Amu Darya. Outside the former Soviet Union, its range includes Afghanistan, Iran (except the southwestern part), western Pakistan and western India
mellivorus (Bennett, 1830) ratel (Horsfield, 1851) ratelus (Fraser, 1862)
Nepalese ratel (M. c. inaurita) (Hodgson, 1836)
Distinguished from indica by its longer, much woollier coat and having overgrown hair on its heels
Nepal and contiguous areas east of it
White-backed ratel (M. c. leuconota) (Sclater, 1867)
The entire upper side from the face to half-way along the tail is pure creamy white with little admixture of black hairs
West Africa, southern Morocco, former French Congo
Black ratel (M. c. cottoni) (Lydekker, 1906)
The fur is typically entirely black, with thin and harsh hairs.
Ghana, northeastern Congo
sagulata (Hollister, 1910)
Lake Chad ratel (M. c. concisa) (Thomas and Wroughton, 1907)
The coat on the back consists largely of very long, pure white bristle-hairs amongst long, fine, black underfur. Its distinguishing feature from other subspecies is the lack of the usual white bristle-hairs in the lumbar area
Sahel and Sudan zones, as far as Somaliland
brockmani (Wroughton and Cheesman, 1920) buchanani (Thomas, 1925)
Speckled ratel (M. c. signata) (Pocock, 1909)
Although its pelage is the normal dense white over the crown, this pale colour starts to thin out over the neck and shoulders, continuing to the rump where it fades into black. It possesses an extra lower molar on the left side of the jaw
Sierra Leone
Ethiopian ratel (M. c. abyssinica) (Hollister, 1910)
Ethiopia
Persian ratel (M. c. wilsoni) (Cheesman, 1920)
Southwestern Iran and Iraq
Kenyan ratel (M. c. maxwelli) (Thomas, 1923)
Kenya
Arabian ratel (M. c. pumilio) Pocock, 1946
Hadhramaut, southern Arabia
Turkmenian ratel (M. c. buechneri) Baryshnikov, 2000
Similar to the subspecies indica and inaurita, but is distinguished by its larger size and narrower postorbital constriction
Turkmenistan

References

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