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Ho Chi Minh

Updated: Wikipedia source

Ho Chi Minh

Hồ Chí Minh (born Nguyễn Sinh Cung; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), colloquially known as Uncle Ho (Bác Hồ) among other aliases and sobriquets, was a Vietnamese Marxist-Leninist revolutionary and politician who served as the founder and first president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1945 until his death in 1969, and as its first prime minister from 1945 to 1955. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist, he founded the Indochinese Communist Party in 1930 and its successor Workers' Party of Vietnam (later the Communist Party of Vietnam) in 1951, serving as the party's chairman until his death. Hồ was born in Nghệ An province in French Indochina, and received a French education. Starting in 1911, he worked in various countries overseas, and in 1920 was a founding member of the French Communist Party in Paris. After studying in Moscow, Hồ founded the Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League in 1925, which he transformed into the Indochinese Communist Party in 1930. On his return to Vietnam in 1941, he founded and led the Việt Minh independence movement against the Japanese, and in 1945 led the August Revolution against the monarchy and proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. After the French returned to power, Hồ's government retreated to the countryside and initiated guerrilla warfare from 1946. Between 1953 and 1956, Hồ's leadership saw the implementation of a land reform campaign, which included executions and political purges. The Việt Minh defeated the French in 1954 at the Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, ending the First Indochina War. At the 1954 Geneva Conference, Vietnam was divided into two de facto separate states, with the Việt Minh in control of North Vietnam, and anti-communists backed by the United States in control of South Vietnam. Hồ remained president and party leader during the Vietnam War, which began in 1955. He supported the Viet Cong insurgency in the south, overseeing the transport of troops and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh trail until his death in 1969. North Vietnam won in 1975, and the country was re-unified in 1976 as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Saigon – Gia Định, South Vietnam's former capital, was renamed Ho Chi Minh City in his honor. The details of Hồ's life before he came to power in Vietnam are uncertain. He is known to have used between 50 and 200 pseudonyms. Information on his birth and early life is ambiguous and subject to academic debate. At least four existing official biographies vary on names, dates, places, and other hard facts while unofficial biographies vary even more widely. Aside from being a politician, Hồ was a writer, poet, and journalist. He wrote several books, articles, and poems in Chinese, Vietnamese, and French.

Infobox

Prime Minister
Phạm Văn Đồng(from 1955)
Vice President
mw- Nguyễn Hải Thần(1945–1946) Vacant(1946–1960) Tôn Đức Thắng(1960–1969)
Preceded by
Nguyễn Tường Tam
Succeeded by
Hoàng Minh Giám
General Secretary
Trường Chinh Himself Lê Duẩn[b]
Deputy Chairman
Trần Huy Liệu [vi]
Chairman
Himself
President
Himself
Born
Nguyễn Sinh Cung(1890-05-19)19 May 1890Kim Liên, Nghệ An, Annam, French Indochina
Died
2 September 1969(1969-09-02) (aged 79)Hanoi, North Vietnam
Resting place
Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum
Political party
Workers' Party of Vietnam (from 1951)
Other politicalaffiliations
French Section of the Workers' International (1919–1921) French Communist Party (1921–1925) Indochinese Communist Party (1930–1945) Vietnam Revolutionary League (1943-1944)
Spouse
mw- Tăng Tuyết Minh (m. 1926; sep. 1931)
Relations
Bạch Liên (or Nguyễn Thị Thanh; sister) Nguyễn Sinh Khiêm (or Nguyễn Tất Đạt; brother) Nguyễn Sinh Xin (brother)
Parents
Nguyễn Sinh Sắc (father)Hoàng Thị Loan (mother)
Alma mater
Communist University of the Toilers of the East
Occupation
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Politicianrevolutionarypastry chef
Known for
Leader of League for Independence of Vietnam (Viet Minh) In office (first): 19 May 1941-29 August 1942Predecessor: Office establishedSuccessor: Trường ChinhIn office (second): 20 September 1944-7 March 1951Predecessor: Trường ChinhSuccessor: Office abolished
Party
Workers' Party of Vietnam (from 1951)

Tables

· External links
Preceded byBảo Đạias Emperor
Preceded byBảo Đạias Emperor
Political offices
Preceded byBảo Đạias Emperor
Political offices
President of North Vietnam 2 September 1945 – 2 September 1969
Political offices
Succeeded byTôn Đức Thắng
Preceded byTrần Trọng Kimas Prime Minister of the Empire of Vietnam
Preceded byTrần Trọng Kimas Prime Minister of the Empire of Vietnam
Political offices
Preceded byTrần Trọng Kimas Prime Minister of the Empire of Vietnam
Political offices
Prime Minister of North Vietnam 2 September 1945 – 20 September 1955
Political offices
Succeeded byPhạm Văn Đồng
Party political offices
Party political offices
Political offices
Party political offices
Preceded byNew title
Preceded byNew title
Political offices
Preceded byNew title
Political offices
Chairman of the Workers' Party of Vietnam 1951–1969
Political offices
Succeeded byNone
Preceded byTrường Chinh
Preceded byTrường Chinh
Political offices
Preceded byTrường Chinh
Political offices
First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam 1956–1960
Political offices
Succeeded byLê Duẩn
Political offices
Preceded byBảo Đạias Emperor
President of North Vietnam 2 September 1945 – 2 September 1969
Succeeded byTôn Đức Thắng
Preceded byTrần Trọng Kimas Prime Minister of the Empire of Vietnam
Prime Minister of North Vietnam 2 September 1945 – 20 September 1955
Succeeded byPhạm Văn Đồng
Party political offices
Preceded byNew title
Chairman of the Workers' Party of Vietnam 1951–1969
Succeeded byNone
Preceded byTrường Chinh
First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam 1956–1960
Succeeded byLê Duẩn

References

  1. As President of North Vietnam from 2 July 1949 following the State of Vietnam's proclamation of independence.
  2. as First Secretary
  3. President was also head of government at the time.
  4. As Chairman of Provisional Revolutionary Government of Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 2 September to 31 December 19
    https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%ADnh_ph%E1%BB%A7_C%C3%A1ch_m%E1%BA%A1ng_l%C3%A2m_th%E1%BB%9Di_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_D%C3%A2n_ch%E1%BB%A7_C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a
  5. /ˌhoʊ tʃiː ˈmɪn/ HOH chee MIN; .mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- Vietnamese: [hò cǐ mīŋ] ⓘ, Saigo
  6. Vietnamese: [ŋʷiə̌ˀn sīŋ kūŋm] ⓘ
  7. His birth name appeared in a letter from the director of Collège Quốc học, dated 7 August 1908.
  8. The North Vietnamese government initially announced his death on 3 September in order to prevent it from coinciding with
  9. [ɓǎːk hò].
  10. including Nguyễn Tất Thành, Nguyễn Ái Quốc, Văn Ba and over 50–200 aliases.
  11. including Hồ Chủ tịch ('President Hồ'), Người cha già của dân tộc ('Father of the people'), or 'Founding father of moder
  12. In his application to the French Colonial School – "Nguyen Tat Thanh, born 1892 at Vinh, son of Mr. Nguyen Sinh Huy (sub
  13. He told Paris Police (Surete) he was born 15 January 1894.
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