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Hillsborough disaster

Updated: 12/20/2025, 2:24:25 PM Wikipedia source

The Hillsborough disaster was a fatal crowd crush at a football match at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, on 15 April 1989. It occurred during an FA Cup semi-final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest in the two standing-only central pens within the Leppings Lane stand allocated to Liverpool supporters. Shortly before kick-off, police match commander David Duckenfield ordered exit gate C to be opened in an attempt to ease crowding, which led to an influx of supporters entering the pens. This resulted in overcrowding of those pens and the fatal crush; with a total of 97 fatalities and 766 injuries, the disaster is the deadliest in British sporting history. Ninety-four people died on the day; one more died in hospital days later, and two more suffered irreversible brain damage on the day and died in 1993 and 2021 respectively. The match was abandoned and replayed at Old Trafford in Manchester on 7 May 1989; Liverpool won and went on to win that season's FA Cup. In the following days and weeks, South Yorkshire Police (SYP) fed the press false stories suggesting that football hooliganism and drunkenness by Liverpool supporters had caused the disaster. Blaming Liverpool fans persisted even after the Taylor Report of 1990, which found that the main cause was a failure of crowd control by SYP. Following the Taylor Report, the Director of Public Prosecutions ruled there was no evidence to justify prosecution of any individuals or institutions. The disaster led to a number of safety improvements in the largest English football grounds, notably the elimination of fenced standing terraces in favour of all-seater stadiums in the top two tiers of English football. The first coroner's inquests into the Hillsborough disaster, completed in 1991, concluded with verdicts of "accidental death" in respect of all the deceased. Families disputed the findings, and fought to have the case re-opened. In 1997 Lord Justice Stuart-Smith concluded that there was no justification for a new inquiry. Private prosecutions brought by the Hillsborough Family Support Group against Duckenfield and his deputy Bernard Murray failed in 2000. In 2009 a Hillsborough Independent Panel was formed to review the evidence. Reporting in 2012, it confirmed Taylor's 1990 criticisms and revealed details about the extent of police efforts to shift blame onto fans, the role of other emergency services and the errors of the first coroner's inquests. The panel's report resulted in the previous findings of accidental death being quashed, and the creation of new coroner's inquests. It also produced two criminal investigations led by police in 2012: Operation Resolve to look into the causes of the disaster, and by the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) to examine actions by police in the aftermath. The second coroner's inquests were held from 1 April 2014 to 26 April 2016. They ruled that the supporters were unlawfully killed owing to grossly negligent failures by police and ambulance services to fulfil their duty of care. The inquests also found that the design of the stadium contributed to the crush, and that supporters were not to blame for the dangerous conditions. Public anger over the actions of their force during the second inquests led to the suspension of the SYP chief constable, David Crompton, following the verdict. In June 2017, six people were charged with offences including manslaughter by gross negligence, misconduct in public office and perverting the course of justice for their actions during and after the disaster. The Crown Prosecution Service subsequently dropped all charges against one of the defendants.

Infobox

Date
15 April 1989; 36 years ago (1989-04-15)
Time
14:00–16:10 GMT
Venue
Hillsborough Stadium
Location
Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England
Coordinates
mw- 53°24′41″N 1°30′06″W / 53.4115°N 1.5016°W / 53.4115; -1.5016
Type
Human crush
Cause
Overcrowding in central pens of stand as a result of grossly negligent policing
Deaths
97
Non-fatal injuries
766
Inquiries
mw- Taylor Report (1990) Hillsborough Independent Panel (2012)
Inquest
Stefan Popper(1st inquest, 1989–1991) Sir John Goldring(2nd inquest, 2014–2016)

Tables

· Victims › Ages
10–19
10–19
Age range in 1989
10–19
Total
38
Males
36
Females
2
20–29
20–29
Age range in 1989
20–29
Total
41
Males
37
Females
4
30–39
30–39
Age range in 1989
30–39
Total
12
Males
11
Females
1
40–49
40–49
Age range in 1989
40–49
Total
3
Males
3
Females
0
50–59
50–59
Age range in 1989
50–59
Total
1
Males
1
Females
0
60–69
60–69
Age range in 1989
60–69
Total
2
Males
2
Females
0
Totals
Totals
Age range in 1989
Totals
Total
97
Males
90
Females
7
Age range in 1989
Total
Males
Females
10–19
38
36
2
20–29
41
37
4
30–39
12
11
1
40–49
3
3
0
50–59
1
1
0
60–69
2
2
0
Totals
97
90
7

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  339. Liverpool Echo
    https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/people-liverpool-totally-justified-holding-14421408
  340. Quoted in Power, Conflict and Criminalisation, Phil Scraton, 2007
  341. contrast.org
    http://www.contrast.org/hillsborough/history/gym.shtm
  342. Scraton 2009, pp. 93–94.
  343. archive.org
    https://archive.org/details/youtube-KFDM3OoGb5Q
  344. "Hillsborough Drama Shown Again on ITV Tonight at 10:20 pm"
    http://www.itv.com/news/granada/update/2016-05-01/1996-hillsborough-drama-repeated-on-itv-tonight-at-10-20pm/
  345. BBC Radio 4
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00jlxjp
  346. ESPN
    http://www.espn.com/30for30/film?page=hillsborough
  347. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/15/arts/television/30-for-30-soccer-stories-on-espn-revisits-hillsborough.html
  348. awfulannouncing.com
    http://awfulannouncing.com/2014/espns-hillsborough-documentary-cant-be-aired-in-the-united-kingdom-thanks-to-british-laws.html
  349. "Hillsborough – Media Centre"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/proginfo/2016/19/hillsborough
  350. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/jan/02/anne-review-maxine-peake-exudes-raw-horror-in-extraordinary-hillsborough-drama
  351. London Screenwriters' Festival
    http://www.londonscreenwritersfestival.com/speakers/lance-nielsen
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