Hezbollah

References

1. /ˌhɛzbəˈlɑː/ HEZ-bə-LAH; Arabic: حزب الله, romanized: Ḥizbu 'llāh, .mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.
2. This is Beirut
   https://thisisbeirut.com.lb/articles/1304773/is-hezbollah-reshuffling-its-leadership-with-new-appointments
3. Alma Research and Education Center
   https://israel-alma.org/ali-damoush-the-new-head-of-hezbollahs-executive-council/
4. "Fadlallah Hits Back at March 14 over Karam Release, Marouni Slams 'Treason Accusations'"
   http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/37247
5. The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects
   https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150705/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf
6. Islamist Terrorism and Democracy in the Middle East
   https://books.google.com/books?id=PlTKrMFyawoC&pg=PA66
7. Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects
   https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143530/http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf
8. "Hezbollah and the Lebanese Popular Movement"
   https://www.iemed.org/publication/hezbollah-and-the-lebanese-popular-movement/
9. Small Wars & Insurgencies
   https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09592310701674358
10. "Hezbollah, the Lebanese Sectarian State, and Sectarianism"
    https://www.mei.edu/publications/hezbollah-lebanese-sectarian-state-and-sectarianism
11. "The Sectarian Image Reversed: The Role of Geopolitics in Hezbollah's Domestic Politics"
    https://pomeps.org/the-sectarian-image-reversed-the-role-of-geopolitics-in-hezbollahs-domestic-politics
12. Hezbollah and Hamas: A Comparative Study
    https://books.google.com/books?id=vYBtwkj78BUC&pg=PT63
13. The Hill
    https://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/defense/256164-putin-and-the-shiite-axis-of-resistance/
14. Hezbollah in Syria
    http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Hezbollah_Sullivan_FINAL.pdf
15. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-hezbollah/saudi-clerics-attack-shiites-and-hezbollah-idUSL0172909520080601/
16. Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto
    https://books.google.com/books?id=b0ntL1fUi8kC&pg=PA15
17. Third World Quarterly
    https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01436597.2010.502695
18. Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God
    https://books.google.com/books?id=yTJeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA356
19. An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non-Western Experiences
    https://books.google.com/books?id=n9QycqW1qogC&pg=PA267
20. Criminology: Theories, Patterns & Typology
    https://books.google.com/books?id=-MkxxSUSTuEC&pg=PT421
21. BBC News
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4314423.stm
23. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/14/world/europe/french-court-orders-a-ban-on-hezbollahrun-tv-channel.html
24. Saad-Ghorayeb 2002, pp. 168–86.
25. France 24
    https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230729-hezbollah-chief-in-new-attack-on-same-sex-relations-1
26. "The meaning of resistance: Hezbollah's media strategies and the articulation of a people"
    https://dare.uva.nl/document/2/103196
27. The Daily Star
    https://web.archive.org/web/20210308112628/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-Elections/2018/May-09/448707-interior-ministry-releases-numbers-of-votes-for-new-mp.ashx
28. Council on Foreign Relations
    https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-hezbollah
29. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanons-hezbollah-chief-nasrallah-says-group-has-never-been-stronger-2021-10-18/
30. The New Arab
    https://english.alaraby.co.uk/news/hassan-nasrallah-says-hezbollah-has-100000-fighters
31. France 24
    https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211018-lebanon-hezbollah-chief-says-movement-has-100-000-fighters
32. Ynet news
    https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4116628,00.html
33. "Hezbollah is the Long Arm of Iran – Factsheet 5"
    https://www.ajc.org/news/hezbollah-is-the-long-arm-of-iran-factsheet-5
34. The Majalla
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120715162856/http://www.majalla.com/eng/print-edition-pdf/al-majalla-issue-1561.pdf#12
35. ALWAGHT
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180728190943/http://alwaght.com/en/News/41746/New-Experience-of-Hezbollah-with-Russian-Military
36. The Daily Beast
    https://www.thedailybeast.com/russia-is-arming-hezbollah-say-two-of-the-groups-field-commanders
37. Foreign Affairs
    https://www.foreignaffairs.com/china/axis-upheaval-russia-iran-north-korea-taylor-fontaine
38. United Against Nuclear Iran
    https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/iran-and-venezuela/hezbollah
39. The Tower
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200202024824/http://www.thetower.org/5354-hezbollah-fights-alongside-laf-demonstrating-its-continuing-control-over-lebanon/
40. The Daily Star
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180728190925/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2018/Jul-11/456144-yemeni-fm-slams-hezbollahs-houthi-support-report.ashx
41. "Lebanon's Hezbollah denies sending weapons to Yemen"
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-nasrallah-idUSKBN1DK22D
42. "Wagner Group 'tasked to deliver Russian weapons to Hezbollah' – US intelligence"
    https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1831422/wagner-group-hezbollah-weapons-syria-assad
43. "Iraq admits Lebanese Hezbollah and Iranian RG fight alongside Iraqi security forces"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20180615191324/https://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/funeral-2-hezbollah-elements-killed-jurf-al-sakhar-baiji/
44. "Why Assad's alliance with Iran and Hezbollah will endure"
    https://www.mei.edu/publications/why-assads-alliance-iran-and-hezbollah-will-endure
45. "Hezbollah – International terrorist organization"
    http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Hizbullah/Pages/Hezbollah-International-terrorist-organization.aspx
46. Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God
47. The Media Line
    https://themedialine.org/headlines/syrian-army-advances-into-lebanese-territory-clashes-with-hezbollah/
48. Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News
    https://eurasiantimes.com/israel-impressed-how-turkish-army-crushed-hezbollah-in-idlib-syria/
49. The Jerusalem Post
    https://m.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/israel-learned-from-hezbollahs-defeat-at-the-hands-of-turkey-628836/amp
50. Haaretz
    https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/turkish-strike-in-syria-kills-nine-hezbollah-members-according-to-source-1.8599581
51. "Beware Iran's 'Axis of Resistance' | People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI/MEK)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20211031201920/https://english.mojahedin.org/newsen/61627/Beware-Iran%27s-%27Axis-of-Resistance%27
52. MEMRI
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090211103949/http://memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=IA44808
53. Hezbollah: Background and Issues for Congress
    https://books.google.com/books?id=IaeJG5rh5AIC&pg=PA8
54. longwarjournal.org – FDD's Long War Journal
    https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/hezbollah-fighters-train-iraqi-shiite-militants-near-mosul.php
55. The Jerusalem Post
    https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Antisemitism/Argentina-freezes-Hezbollah-assets-brands-group-terrorist-organization-596086
56. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/nov/24/australia-lists-neo-nazi-group-the-base-and-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organisations
57. JNS.org
    https://www.jns.org/israel-praises-czech-republic-for-designating-hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization/
58. The Jerusalem Post
    https://www.jpost.com/International/Bahrains-parliament-declares-Hezbollah-a-terrorist-group-307806
59. Government of Canada
    http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx#2027
60. "Pompeo celebra designación de Hezbolá como terrorista por Colombia, Honduras y Guatemala"
    https://www.aa.com.tr/es/mundo/pompeo-celebra-designaci%C3%B3n-de-hezbol%C3%A1-como-terrorista-por-colombia-honduras-y-guatemala/1708812
61. WANA
    https://wanaen.com/ecuador-labels-irgc-as-terrorist-organization/
62. The Jerusalem Post
    https://www.jpost.com/international/estonia-imposes-sanctions-on-hezbollah-646587
63. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/world/middleeast/european-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html
64. Algemeiner Journal
    http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/04/04/jewish-leaders-applaud-hezbollah-terror-designation-by-france/
65. Reuters
    https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-lebanon-hezbollah/after-u-s-israeli-pressure-germany-bans-hezbollah-activity-raids-mosques-idUSKBN22C0LC
66. Arab News
    http://www.arabnews.com/news/453834
67. The Jerusalem Post
    https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/guatemala-designates-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organization-646700
68. "Colombia and Honduras designate Hezbollah a terrorist organization"
    https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Honduras-to-officially-designate-Hezbollah-as-a-terror-organization-614679
69. Weinthal, Benjamin. "The Republic of Kosovo ...." The Jerusalem Post. 30 June 2019. 2 July 2019.
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70. "Lithuania bans Hezbollah affiliates in move hailed by Israel"
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71. The Wall Street Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444273704577637324167941662
72. "Lists associated with Resolution 1373"
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73. The Jerusalem Post
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74. "Kosovo, Israel agree to normalize ties; Serbia to move embassy to Jerusalem"
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75. The Times of Israel
    https://www.timesofisrael.com/slovenia-declares-all-of-hezbollah-a-criminal-and-terrorist-organization/
76. The Wall Street Journal
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77. The Jerusalem Post
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78. "Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)"
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79. The Collins English Dictionary
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80. Encyclopædia Britannica
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81. Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God
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82. Haaretz
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83. The New York Review of Books
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84. Israel in the Middle East
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85. The New York Times
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86. The New York Times
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87. Berti, Benedetta. "The "Rebirth" of Hizbollah: Analyzing the 2009 Manifesto." Strategic Assessment 12, no. 12 (2010): 91
88. Reuters
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89. "Hizballah: A Primer"
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90. Foreign Affairs
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91. The New York Times
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92. Associated Press News
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93. UN News
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94. "Rafik Hariri killing: Hezbollah duo convicted of 2005 bombing on appeal"
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95. The Washington Post
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96. The New York Times
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97. Farida 2019, p. 1-2.
98. Daher 2019, p. 8.
99. Al-Aloosy 2020, p. 43, 74.
100. The New York Times
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101. Foreign Affairs
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102. Al Jazeera
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103. AP News
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104. Al-Aloosy 2020, p. 176-177.
105. Farida 2019, p. 2.
106. The New York Review of Books
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107. "Hezbollah (a.k.a., Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah)"
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108. The Washington Post
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109. BBC News
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110. Diaz & Newman, 2005, p. 55
111. Helena Cobban, Boston Review Hizbullah's New Face Archived 12 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 14 August 2006
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112. "Background Information on Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
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113. "Hizbullah"
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114. Canada Gazette Part II
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115. Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
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116. Tablet
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117. LBC International
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118. The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World
119. Hezbollah: A Short History
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120. Dying to win: the strategic logic of suicide terrorism
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121. "Expressing the sense of the Congress over the reported murder of Lieutenant Colonel William Higgins and Hezbollah-sponsored terrorism"
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122. "Lebanon profile"
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123. The Daily Telegraph
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124. The New Yorker
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125. Ranstorp (1998)
126. Alagha (2006), pp. 41–44
127. Alagha (2006), p. 47
128. Marius Deeb, "Militant Islamic Movements in Lebanon: Origins, Social Basis, and Ideology", Occasional Paper Series (Wash
129. al-Nahar, 7 September 1985
130. al-Nahar al-Arabi, 10 June
131. Ma'aretz, 16 December 1983
132. Le Point, 30 July 1987
133. al-Shira, 28 August 1988
134. Nouveau Magazine, 23 July 1988
135. Ranstorp (1997)
136. "Anne Dammarell et al. v. Islamic Republic of Iran"
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137. "Background Information on Foreign Terrorist Organizations"
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138. "Hizbullah"
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139. Al Jazeera
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140. AP News
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141. ABC News
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142. Elnashra News
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143. The New York Times
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144. Wood, Graeme. "Israel and the U.S. Delivered ...." The Atlantic. 2 September 2025. 27 October 2025.
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145. Middle East Eye
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146. The Atlantic
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147. www.thetimes.com
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148. "Exclusive: Iran-backed militias in Iraq ready to disarm to avert Trump wrath"
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149. "What does the US-brokered truce ending Israel-Hezbollah fighting include"
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150. Al Jazeera
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151. Wall Street Journal
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152. Israel Hayom
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153. Middle East Eye
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154. Ahram Online
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155. Arab News
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156. Ynet News
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157. France 24
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158. Al Jazeera
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159. "Lebanon's Hezbollah rejects disarmament, warns of civil war"
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160. Al Jazeera
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161. Los Angeles Times
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162. France 24
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163. "'Pivotal moment' for Lebanon as army presents plan to disarm Hezbollah amid growing US pressure"
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164. Barak, Oren. "Hizballah". The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: Continuum
165. Rosenthal, Donna. The Israelis: Ordinary People in an Extraordinary Land. New York: Free Press, 2003. p. 15.
166. The Washington Post
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167. Asia Times
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168. Al-Aloosy 2020, p. 78-79.
169. Al-Aloosy 2020, p. 80.
170. The Guardian
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171. "Anti-LGBT Rhetoric Undermines Rights in Lebanon"
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172. AhlulBayt News Agency
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