Topzle Topzle

Hermann Göring

Updated: Wikipedia source

Hermann Göring

Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈɡøːʁɪŋ] ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, aviator and military leader. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which controlled Germany from 1933 to 1945. He also served as Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe (Supreme Commander of the Air Force), a position he held until the final days of the regime. He was born in Rosenheim, Bavaria. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace, Göring was a recipient of the Pour le Mérite. He served as the last commander of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG I), the fighter wing once led by Manfred von Richthofen. An early member of the Nazi Party, Göring was among those wounded in Adolf Hitler's failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. While receiving treatment for his injuries, he developed an addiction to morphine that persisted until the last year of his life. After Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, Göring was named as minister without portfolio in the new government. One of his first acts as a cabinet minister was to oversee the creation of the Gestapo, which he ceded to Heinrich Himmler in 1934. Following the establishment of the Nazi state, Göring amassed power and political capital to become the second most powerful man in Germany. Upon being named Plenipotentiary of the Four Year Plan in 1936, Göring was entrusted with the task of mobilising all sectors of the economy for war, an assignment which brought numerous government agencies under his control. In September 1939, Hitler gave a speech to the Reichstag designating him as his successor. After the Fall of France in 1940, he was bestowed the specially created rank of Reichsmarschall, which gave him seniority over all officers in Germany's armed forces. By 1941, Göring was at the peak of his power and influence. As the Second World War progressed, Göring's standing with Hitler and the German public declined after the Luftwaffe proved incapable of preventing the Allied bombing of Germany's cities and resupplying surrounded Axis forces in Stalingrad. Around that time, Göring increasingly withdrew from military and political affairs to devote his attention to collecting property and artwork, much of which was stolen from Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Informed on 22 April 1945 that Hitler intended to commit suicide, Göring sent a telegram to Hitler requesting his permission to assume leadership of the Reich. Considering his request an act of treason, Hitler removed Göring from all his positions, expelled him from the party and ordered his arrest. After the war, Göring was convicted of conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials in 1946. He requested at trial an execution by firing squad, but was denied; instead he was sentenced to death by hanging. He committed suicide by ingesting cyanide the night before his scheduled execution.

Infobox

1923
Oberster SA-Führer
President
Paul von Hindenburg(1932–1934)
Führer
Adolf Hitler
Chancellor
mw- Franz von Papen (1932) Kurt von Schleicher (1932–1933) Adolf Hitler (1933–1945)
Preceded by
Franz von Papen(Reichskommissar)
Succeeded by
Office abolished
Deputy
Erhard Milch
Additional positions
Additional positions 1939–1945Chairman of the Council of Ministers for Defense of the Reich1937–1938Reichsminister of Economics1936–1945Reich Plenipotentiary of the Four Year Plan1934–1945Reichsminister of Forestry1933–1945Reichsminister of Aviation1933–1945President of the Prussian State Council1933–1945Member of the Greater German Reichstag1928–1933Member of the Reichstag1923Oberster SA-Führer
1939–1945
Chairman of the Council of Ministers for Defense of the Reich
1937–1938
Reichsminister of Economics
1936–1945
Reich Plenipotentiary of the Four Year Plan
1934–1945
Reichsminister of Forestry
1933–1945
Member of the Greater German Reichstag
1928–1933
Member of the Reichstag
Born
Hermann Wilhelm Göring(1893-01-12)12 January 1893Rosenheim, Germany
Died
15 October 1946(1946-10-15) (aged 53)Nuremberg, Germany
Cause of death
Suicide by cyanide poisoning
Political party
Nazi Party (1922–1945)
Spouses
mw- Carin von Kantzow (m. 1923; died 1931) Emmy Sonnemann (m. 1935)
Children
Edda Göring
Parent
Heinrich Ernst Göring (father)
Relatives
Albert Göring (brother)
Residence
Carinhall
Alma mater
University of Munich
Occupation
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Aviatorpolitician
Cabinet
Hitler cabinet
Allegiance
German EmpireNazi Germany
Branch/service
Imperial German ArmyLuftstreitkräfteSturmabteilungLuftwaffe
Years of service
1912–1918 1933–1945
Rank
ReichsmarschallSA-ObergruppenführerReichsforst- und Reichsjägermeister
Commands
Jagdgeschwader 1
Battles/wars
World War IWorld War II
Awards
Pour le MériteGrand Cross of the Iron Cross
Criminal status
Deceased
Convictions
Conspiracy to commit crimes against peaceCrimes of aggressionWar crimesCrimes against humanity
Trial
Nuremberg trials
Criminal penalty
Death
Party
Nazi Party (1922–1945)

Tables

· External links
Preceded byErich Wieland
Preceded byErich Wieland
Military offices
Preceded byErich Wieland
Military offices
Commanding Officer of Jasta 27 1917–1918
Military offices
Succeeded byHermann Frommherz
Preceded byWilhelm Reinhard
Preceded byWilhelm Reinhard
Military offices
Preceded byWilhelm Reinhard
Military offices
Commanding Officer of Jagdgeschwader 1 1918
Military offices
Succeeded byErich Rüdiger von Wedel
Preceded byErich Rüdiger von Wedel
Preceded byErich Rüdiger von Wedel
Military offices
Preceded byErich Rüdiger von Wedel
Military offices
Commanding Officer of Jagdgeschwader 1 1918
Military offices
Unit disbanded
New titleLuftwaffe re-established
New titleLuftwaffe re-established
Military offices
New titleLuftwaffe re-established
Military offices
Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe 1935–1945
Military offices
Succeeded byRobert Ritter von Greim
Political offices
Political offices
Military offices
Political offices
Preceded byHans Ulrich Klintzsch
Preceded byHans Ulrich Klintzsch
Military offices
Preceded byHans Ulrich Klintzsch
Military offices
Supreme SA Leader 1923
Military offices
VacantTitle next held byFranz Pfeffer von Salomon
Preceded byPaul Löbe
Preceded byPaul Löbe
Military offices
Preceded byPaul Löbe
Military offices
President of the Reichstag 1932–1945
Military offices
Reichstag abolished
Preceded byFranz von Papen (Reichskomissar)
Preceded byFranz von Papen (Reichskomissar)
Military offices
Preceded byFranz von Papen (Reichskomissar)
Military offices
Prime Minister of Prussia 1933–1945
Military offices
Prussia abolished
Preceded byAdolf Hitler
Preceded byAdolf Hitler
Military offices
Preceded byAdolf Hitler
Military offices
Reichsstatthalter of Prussia 1933–1945
Preceded byRobert Ley
Preceded byRobert Ley
Military offices
Preceded byRobert Ley
Military offices
President of the Prussian State Council 1933–1945
New titleNew ministry established
New titleNew ministry established
Military offices
New titleNew ministry established
Military offices
Reichsminister of Aviation 1933–1945
Military offices
Ministry abolished
Preceded byHjalmar Schacht
Preceded byHjalmar Schacht
Military offices
Preceded byHjalmar Schacht
Military offices
Reichsminister of Economics 1937–1938
Military offices
Succeeded byWalther Funk
Military offices
Preceded byErich Wieland
Commanding Officer of Jasta 27 1917–1918
Succeeded byHermann Frommherz
Preceded byWilhelm Reinhard
Commanding Officer of Jagdgeschwader 1 1918
Succeeded byErich Rüdiger von Wedel
Preceded byErich Rüdiger von Wedel
Commanding Officer of Jagdgeschwader 1 1918
Unit disbanded
New titleLuftwaffe re-established
Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe 1935–1945
Succeeded byRobert Ritter von Greim
Political offices
Preceded byHans Ulrich Klintzsch
Supreme SA Leader 1923
VacantTitle next held byFranz Pfeffer von Salomon
Preceded byPaul Löbe
President of the Reichstag 1932–1945
Reichstag abolished
Preceded byFranz von Papen (Reichskomissar)
Prime Minister of Prussia 1933–1945
Prussia abolished
Preceded byAdolf Hitler
Reichsstatthalter of Prussia 1933–1945
Preceded byRobert Ley
President of the Prussian State Council 1933–1945
New titleNew ministry established
Reichsminister of Aviation 1933–1945
Ministry abolished
Preceded byHjalmar Schacht
Reichsminister of Economics 1937–1938
Succeeded byWalther Funk

References

  1. Göring is the German spelling, but the name is commonly transliterated Goering in English and other languages, using ⟨oe
  2. The swastika was a badge that the count and some friends had adopted at school, and he adopted it as a family emblem. Se
  3. By 1930, the Nazi party claimed upwards of 293,000 members.
  4. Confident that the Luftwaffe was without peer and practically invincible in the wake of these victories, Göring commente
  5. Upon being captured by American soldiers, Göring immediately asked to be taken before Eisenhower. He hoped to be treated
  6. Kershaw 2008, p. 284.
  7. Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression 1946, pp. 100–101.
  8. Evans 2005, p. 358.
  9. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 21.
  10. Block & Trow 1971, pp. 327–330.
  11. Overy 2012, p. 5.
  12. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 21–22.
  13. Freitag 2015, pp. 25–45.
  14. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 22–24.
  15. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 24–25.
  16. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 24–28.
  17. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 28–29.
  18. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 31–32.
  19. Franks 1993, pp. 95, 117, 156.
  20. Franks 1993, p. 117.
  21. Kilduff 2013, pp. 165–166.
  22. Franks & Van Wyngarden 2003, pp. 15, 17, 92.
  23. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 31–33.
  24. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 403.
  25. Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 - 1918. pp. 112–113.
  26. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 34–36.
  27. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 39.
  28. Overy 2012, pp. 5–6.
  29. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 39–41.
  30. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 43.
  31. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 41, 43.
  32. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 45, 47.
  33. Miller 2006, p. 426.
  34. Kershaw 2008, p. 112.
  35. Miller & Schulz 2015, pp. 29, 41.
  36. Lepage 2016, p. 140.
  37. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 47.
  38. Hitler 1988, p. 168.
  39. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 49–51.
  40. Holland 2011, p. 54.
  41. Kershaw 2008, p. 131.
  42. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 57–58.
  43. Speer 1971, p. 644.
  44. Overy 2012, p. 7.
  45. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 59–60.
  46. Kershaw 2008, p. 160.
  47. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 61.
  48. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 404.
  49. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 62, 64.
  50. Shirer 1960, p. 146.
  51. Evans 2024, p. 122.
  52. Shirer 1960, pp. 118–121.
  53. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 66.
  54. Overy 2012, p. 8.
  55. Reichstag databank.
  56. Overy 2012, p. 9.
  57. Shirer 1960, pp. 136, 138.
  58. Childers 2017, p. 131.
  59. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 74.
  60. Evans 2003, p. 297.
  61. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 315–318.
  62. Evans 2003, pp. 329–330.
  63. Shirer 1960, p. 194.
  64. Evans 2003, p. 331.
  65. Hett 2014, pp. 255–259.
  66. Shirer 1960, p. 192.
  67. Bullock 1999, p. 262.
  68. Shirer 1960, p. 193.
  69. Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, 18 March 1946.
  70. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 111.
  71. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 139–140.
  72. Gunther 1940, p. 63.
  73. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 187.
  74. Miller & Schulz 2015, p. 47.
  75. Miller & Schulz 2015, pp. 50–51.
  76. New York Times, 19 May 1933.
  77. Lilla 2005, pp. 292–295.
  78. Frank 1933–1934, p. 253.
  79. Miller & Schulz 2015, p. 58.
  80. Evans 2005, p. 54.
  81. Goldhagen 1996, p. 95.
  82. Kershaw 2008, p. 306.
  83. Evans 2005, pp. 31–35, 39.
  84. Evans 2005, pp. 38.
  85. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 116–117.
  86. Evans 2005, p. 364.
  87. Evans 2005, pp. 357–360.
  88. Miller & Schulz 2015, p. 60.
  89. Evans 2005, p. 361.
  90. Overy 2002, p. 145.
  91. Gerwarth 2011, p. 116.
  92. Gerwarth 2011, pp. 116, 117.
  93. Evans 2005, pp. 642–644.
  94. Evans 2005, pp. 646–652.
  95. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 194–197.
  96. Evans 2005, p. 674.
  97. Noakes & Pridham 2001, p. 119.
  98. Gunther 1940, p. 19.
  99. Overy 2002, p. 73.
  100. Overy 2002, p. 236.
  101. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 197, 211.
  102. Broszat 1981, pp. 308–309.
  103. Shirer 1960, p. 597.
  104. Shirer 1960, p. 599.
  105. Hooton 1999, pp. 177–189.
  106. Moorhouse 2012, p. 350.
  107. Perry 2013, p. 45fn.
  108. Shirer 1960, pp. 721, 723, 725.
  109. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 198.
  110. Shirer 1960, p. 615.
  111. Evans 2008, pp. 113, 136, 143.
  112. Oestermann 2001, p. 157.
  113. Selwood 2015.
  114. Raeder 2001, pp. 324–325.
  115. Bungay 2000, p. 337.
  116. Evans 2008, p. 144.
  117. Taylor 1965, p. 500.
  118. Evans 2008, p. 145.
  119. Evans 2008, pp. 178–179.
  120. Evans 2008, p. 187.
  121. Evans 2008, p. 201.
  122. Stolfi 1982.
  123. Evans 2008, pp. 207–213.
  124. Keller 2021, p. 204.
  125. Gerlach 2016, p. 228.
  126. Pohl 2012, p. 214.
  127. Pohl 2012, p. 215.
  128. Fleming 1987.
  129. Evans 2008, pp. 404–405.
  130. Evans 2008, p. 421.
  131. Evans 2008, p. 409.
  132. Evans 2008, pp. 412–413.
  133. Speer 1971, p. 329.
  134. Shirer 1960, p. 932.
  135. Evans 2008, pp. 438, 441.
  136. Speer 1971, p. 378.
  137. Evans 2008, p. 461.
  138. Evans 2008, p. 447.
  139. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 296, 297, 299.
  140. Evans 2008, p. 510.
  141. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 295, 302.
  142. Evans 2008, p. 725.
  143. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 310.
  144. Evans 2008, p. 722.
  145. Evans 2008, p. 723.
  146. Shirer 1960, pp. 1115–1116.
  147. Shirer 1960, p. 1116.
  148. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 315.
  149. Shirer 1960, p. 1118.
  150. Speer 1971, pp. 608–609.
  151. Evans 2008, p. 724.
  152. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 318.
  153. Shirer 1960, p. 1126.
  154. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 320–325.
  155. Evans 2008, p. 728.
  156. Overy 2012, p. 228.
  157. Shirer 1960, p. 1128.
  158. USAF 1945.
  159. Gilbert 1995, p. 31.
  160. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 329–331.
  161. Vallejo Times-Herald & October 1945.
  162. Pathé 1945.
  163. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 336–337.
  164. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 337.
  165. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 339.
  166. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 341–342.
  167. Goldensohn 2004.
  168. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 343–347.
  169. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 359–367.
  170. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 369.
  171. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 371.
  172. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 374–375.
  173. International Military Tribunal 1946.
  174. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 392–393.
  175. Kershaw 2008, p. 964.
  176. Botting 2006, p. 280.
  177. Taylor 1992, p. 623.
  178. BBC News 2005.
  179. Darnstädt 2005.
  180. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 393.
  181. Overy 2001, p. 205.
  182. OSS Reports.
  183. NARA Records.
  184. Beevor 2006, pp. 366–368, 538.
  185. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 120–123.
  186. Kellerhoff 2018.
  187. Speer 1971, pp. 244–245.
  188. Rothfeld 2002.
  189. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 283–285.
  190. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 283–285, 291.
  191. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 281.
  192. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 115–116.
  193. Fussell 2002, pp. 24–25.
  194. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 122.
  195. Speer 1971, p. 417.
  196. Speer 1971, pp. 416–417.
  197. Speer 1971, pp. 417–418.
  198. Mosley 1974, p. 280.
  199. Block & Trow 1971, p. 330.
  200. Gunther 1940, p. 65.
  201. Evans 2005, p. 409.
  202. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 136–137.
  203. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 189–191.
  204. Hilberg 1985, p. 160.
  205. Cesarani 2005, p. 62.
  206. Cesarani 2005, p. 77.
  207. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, pp. 259–260.
  208. Blood 2001, p. 75.
  209. Blood 2010, pp. 261–262, 266.
  210. Manvell & Fraenkel 2011, p. 378.
  211. Gilbert 1995, p. 208.
  212. Miller 2006, p. 442.
  213. Miller & Schulz 2015, p. 89.
  214. Petrov 2005, p. 56.
  215. Gade 2011.
  216. Bille-Hansen & Holck 1943, p. 20.
  217. Matikkala 2017, p. 36.
  218. Matikkala 2017, p. 515.
  219. Matikkala 2017, p. 511.
  220. Lajos 2011, p. 41.
  221. Overy 2012, p. 233.
  222. Statskalender 1940, p. 10.
  223. Gazeta Lwowska 1943, p. 1.
Image
Source: —
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.