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Hawker Siddeley Harrier

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Hawker Siddeley Harrier

The Hawker Siddeley Harrier is a British jet-powered attack aircraft designed and produced by the British aerospace company Hawker Siddeley. It was the first operational ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft with vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) capabilities and the only truly successful V/STOL design of its era. It was the first of the Harrier series of aircraft, being developed directly from the Hawker Siddeley Kestrel prototype aircraft following the cancellation of a more advanced supersonic aircraft, the Hawker Siddeley P.1154. In the mid 1960s, the Harrier GR.1 and GR.3 variants were ordered by the British government for the Royal Air Force (RAF). The Harrier GR.1 made its first flight on 28 December 1967, and entered RAF service in April 1969. During the 1970s, the United States opted to procure the aircraft as the AV-8A; it was operated by the US Marine Corps (USMC). Introduced to service amid the Cold War, the RAF positioned the bulk of their Harriers across West Germany to defend against a potential invasion of Western Europe by the Warsaw Pact forces; the unique abilities of the Harrier allowed the RAF to disperse their forces away from vulnerable airbases. The USMC used their Harriers primarily for close air support, operating from amphibious assault ships, and, if needed, forward operating bases. Harrier squadrons saw several deployments overseas. Its ability to operate with minimal ground facilities and very short runways allowed it to be used at locations unavailable to other fixed-wing aircraft. The Harrier received criticism for having a high accident rate and for a time-consuming maintenance process. In the 1970s, the British Aerospace Sea Harrier was developed from the Harrier for use by the Royal Navy (RN) on Invincible-class aircraft carriers. Both the Sea Harrier and the Harrier fought in the 1982 Falklands War, in which the aircraft proved to be crucial and versatile. The RN Sea Harriers provided fixed-wing air defence while the RAF Harriers focused on ground-attack missions in support of the advancing British land force. The Harrier was also extensively redesigned as the AV-8B Harrier II and British Aerospace Harrier II by the team of McDonnell Douglas and British Aerospace. During the late 1980s and 1990s, the first-generation aircraft were gradually replaced by the newer Harrier IIs.

Infobox

Type
V/STOL ground-attack aircraft
National origin
United Kingdom
Manufacturer
Hawker Siddeley
Status
Retired
Primary users
Royal Air Force (historical) United States Marine Corps (historical) Spanish Navy (historical) Royal Thai Navy (historical)
Number built
278
Manufactured
1967–1970s
Introduction date
1 April 1969
First flight
28 December 1967
Retired
2006
Developed from
Hawker Siddeley P.1127/Kestrel
Developed into
British Aerospace Sea Harrier McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II British Aerospace Harrier II

Tables

· Operational history › Royal Air Force › Falklands War
Sea Harrier XZ450
Sea Harrier XZ450
Aircraft type & serial
Sea Harrier XZ450
Pilot
Lt Nick Taylor †
Date
4 May 1982
Location
Goose Green area
Cause / Weapon
Shot down by 35mm Oerlikon AA fire
Sea Harrier XZ452
Sea Harrier XZ452
Aircraft type & serial
Sea Harrier XZ452
Pilot
Lt Cdr John Eyton-Jones †
Date
6 May 1982
Location
South East of Falklands
Cause / Weapon
Night collision with XZ453 (accident)
Sea Harrier XZ453
Sea Harrier XZ453
Aircraft type & serial
Sea Harrier XZ453
Pilot
Lt Alan Curtis †
Date
6 May 1982
Location
South East of Falklands
Cause / Weapon
Night collision with XZ452 (accident)
Harrier GR.3 XZ972
Harrier GR.3 XZ972
Aircraft type & serial
Harrier GR.3 XZ972
Pilot
Flt‑Lt Jeff Glover
Date
21 May 1982
Location
Port Howard, West Falkland
Cause / Weapon
Shot down by Blowpipe SAM
Sea Harrier ZA192
Sea Harrier ZA192
Aircraft type & serial
Sea Harrier ZA192
Pilot
Cdr Gordon Batt †
Date
23 May 1982
Location
North East of Falklands
Cause / Weapon
Crashed on take-off (possible mechanical failure)
Harrier GR.3 XZ988
Harrier GR.3 XZ988
Aircraft type & serial
Harrier GR.3 XZ988
Pilot
Sqn Ldr Bob Iveson
Date
27 May 1982
Location
Near Goose Green
Cause / Weapon
Hit by 20mm cannon AA fire
Sea Harrier ZA174
Sea Harrier ZA174
Aircraft type & serial
Sea Harrier ZA174
Pilot
Lt Cdr Mike Broadwater
Date
29 May 1982
Location
HMS Invincible flight deck
Cause / Weapon
Slid off deck in bad weather (accident)
Harrier GR.3 XZ963
Harrier GR.3 XZ963
Aircraft type & serial
Harrier GR.3 XZ963
Pilot
Sqn Ldr Jerry Pook
Date
30 May 1982
Location
West of Port Stanley
Cause / Weapon
Damaged by small-arms fire, crashed (fuel exhaustion)
Sea Harrier XZ456
Sea Harrier XZ456
Aircraft type & serial
Sea Harrier XZ456
Pilot
Flt‑Lt Ian Mortimer
Date
1 June 1982
Location
South of Stanley airfield
Cause / Weapon
Shot down by Roland SAM
Harrier GR.3 XZ989
Harrier GR.3 XZ989
Aircraft type & serial
Harrier GR.3 XZ989
Pilot
Wg Cdr Peter Squire
Date
8 June 1982
Location
Port San Carlos area
Cause / Weapon
Mechanical failure on landing
Aircraft type & serial
Pilot
Date
Location
Cause / Weapon
Sea Harrier XZ450
Lt Nick Taylor †
4 May 1982
Goose Green area
Shot down by 35mm Oerlikon AA fire
Sea Harrier XZ452
Lt Cdr John Eyton-Jones †
6 May 1982
South East of Falklands
Night collision with XZ453 (accident)
Sea Harrier XZ453
Lt Alan Curtis †
6 May 1982
South East of Falklands
Night collision with XZ452 (accident)
Harrier GR.3 XZ972
Flt‑Lt Jeff Glover
21 May 1982
Port Howard, West Falkland
Shot down by Blowpipe SAM
Sea Harrier ZA192
Cdr Gordon Batt †
23 May 1982
North East of Falklands
Crashed on take-off (possible mechanical failure)
Harrier GR.3 XZ988
Sqn Ldr Bob Iveson
27 May 1982
Near Goose Green
Hit by 20mm cannon AA fire
Sea Harrier ZA174
Lt Cdr Mike Broadwater
29 May 1982
HMS Invincible flight deck
Slid off deck in bad weather (accident)
Harrier GR.3 XZ963
Sqn Ldr Jerry Pook
30 May 1982
West of Port Stanley
Damaged by small-arms fire, crashed (fuel exhaustion)
Sea Harrier XZ456
Flt‑Lt Ian Mortimer
1 June 1982
South of Stanley airfield
Shot down by Roland SAM
Harrier GR.3 XZ989
Wg Cdr Peter Squire
8 June 1982
Port San Carlos area
Mechanical failure on landing

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