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Greta Garbo

Updated: Wikipedia source

Greta Garbo

Greta Garbo (born Greta Lovisa Gustafsson; 18 September 1905 – 15 April 1990) was a Swedish and American actress. She was a premier star during Hollywood's silent and early golden eras. Regarded as one of the greatest screen actresses of all time, she is known for her melancholic and somber screen persona, her film portrayals of tragic characters, and her subtle and understated performances. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Garbo fifth on its list of the greatest female stars of classic Hollywood cinema. Garbo launched her career with a secondary role in the 1924 Swedish film The Saga of Gösta Berling. Her performance caught the attention of Louis B. Mayer, chief executive of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), who brought her to Hollywood in 1925. She stirred interest with her first American silent film, Torrent (1926). Garbo's performance in Flesh and the Devil (1926), her third movie in the United States, made her an international star. In 1928, Garbo starred in A Woman of Affairs, which catapulted her to MGM's highest box-office star, surpassing the long-reigning Lillian Gish. Other well-known Garbo films from the silent era are The Mysterious Lady (1928), The Single Standard (1929), and The Kiss (1929). With Garbo's first sound film, Anna Christie (1930), MGM marketers enticed the public with the tagline "Garbo talks!" That same year she starred in Romance and for her performances in both films she received her first combined nomination out of three nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress. By 1932 her success allowed her to dictate the terms of her contracts and she became increasingly selective about her roles. She continued in films such as Mata Hari (1931), Susan Lenox (Her Fall and Rise) (1931), Grand Hotel (1932), Queen Christina (1933), and Anna Karenina (1935). Many critics and film historians consider her performance as the doomed courtesan Marguerite Gautier in Camille (1936) to be her finest and the role gained her a third Academy Award nomination. However, Garbo's career soon declined and she became one of many stars labelled box office poison in 1938. Her career revived with a turn to comedy in Ninotchka (1939), which earned her a fourth Academy Award nomination. Two-Faced Woman (1941), a box-office flop, was the last of her 28 feature films. Following this commercial failure, she continued to be offered movie roles, though she declined most of them. Those she did accept failed to materialize, either due to lack of funds or because she dropped out during filming. In 1954, Garbo was awarded an Academy Honorary Award "for her luminous and unforgettable screen performances". Over time, Garbo would decline all opportunities to return to the screen. In her retirement, she shunned publicity, led a private life, and became an art collector whose paintings included works by Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Pierre Bonnard and Kees van Dongen. Although she refused throughout her life to talk to friends about her reasons for retiring, four years before her death, she told Swedish biographer Sven Broman: "I was tired of Hollywood. I did not like my work. There were many days when I had to force myself to go to the studio ... I really wanted to live another life."

Infobox

Born
Greta Lovisa Gustafsson(1905-09-18)18 September 1905Södermalm, Stockholm, Sweden
Died
15 April 1990(1990-04-15) (aged 84)New York City, U.S.
Resting place
Skogskyrkogården
Citizenship
mw- Sweden (until 1951)U.S. (from 1951)
Alma mater
Royal Dramatic Training Academy
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1920–1941

Tables

· Awards and honors
1930
Role(s)
Best Actress
Notes
Anna Christie, Romance
1935
Role(s)
Best Actress
Notes
Anna Karenina
1937
Role(s)
Won
Role(s)
Notes
Role(s)
Best Actress
Notes
Camille
1938
Academy Awards
Role(s)
Best Actress
Notes
Nominated
1939
National Board of Review
Role(s)
Best Actress
Notes
Ninotchka
New York Film Critics Circle
Role(s)
Best Actress
Notes
Nominated
1940
Academy Awards
Role(s)
Best Actress
Notes
Nominated
1941
National Board of Review
Role(s)
Best Actress
Notes
Two-Faced Woman
New York Film Critics Circle
Role(s)
Best Actress
Notes
3rd place
1950
Role(s)
Best Actress of the Half Century
Notes
1954
Academy Awards
Role(s)
Academy Honorary Award
Notes
1957
Role(s)
George Eastman Award
Notes
1960
Role(s)
Star - Motion Pictures
Notes
1983
Role(s)
Commander, 1st Class, of the Swedish Order of the Polar Star
Notes
1985
Role(s)
Illis quorum
Notes
Year
Organization
Category
Work
Result
Ref.
1930
Academy Awards
Best Actress
Anna Christie, Romance
Nominated
1935
New York Film Critics Circle
Best Actress
Anna Karenina
Won
1937
Camille
Won
1937
Litteris et Artibus
Won
1937
National Board of Review
Best Actress
Camille
Won
1938
Academy Awards
Best Actress
Nominated
1939
National Board of Review
Best Actress
Ninotchka
Won
1939
New York Film Critics Circle
Best Actress
Nominated
1940
Academy Awards
Best Actress
Nominated
1941
National Board of Review
Best Actress
Two-Faced Woman
Nominated
1941
New York Film Critics Circle
Best Actress
3rd place
1950
Daily Variety
Best Actress of the Half Century
Voted
1954
Academy Awards
Academy Honorary Award
Honored
1957
George Eastman House
George Eastman Award
Won
1960
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Star - Motion Pictures
Honored
1983
King Carl XVI Gustaf
Commander, 1st Class, of the Swedish Order of the Polar Star
Honored
1985
Government of Sweden
Illis quorum
Won
Silent films · Filmography
1920
Mr. and Mrs. Stockholm Go Shopping
Role(s)
Elder sister
Notes
An advertisement. Garbo's segment is often known as How Not to Dress.
1921
Role(s)
Extra
Notes
Uncredited; lost film
Our Daily Bread
Role(s)
Companion
Notes
An advertising film
1922
Peter the Tramp
Role(s)
Greta
Notes
Garbo's first part in a commercial film
1924
Role(s)
Elizabeth Dohna
Notes
Garbo's first leading part in a feature-length film; Swedish, dir. Mauritz Stiller.
1925
Role(s)
Greta Rumfort
Notes
German film directed by G.W. Pabst
1926
Role(s)
Leonora Moreno aka La Brunna
Notes
Garbo's first American film. All of Garbo's subsequent movies were made in Hollywood and produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Role(s)
Elena
Role(s)
Felicitas
Notes
The first of seven Garbo films directed by Clarence Brown, and first of four movies with co-star John Gilbert
1927
Role(s)
Anna Karenina
Notes
Adapted from the novel Anna Karenina by Tolstoy
1928
Role(s)
Marianne
Notes
The film is lost; only a 9-minute reel exists.
Role(s)
Tania Fedorova
Role(s)
Diana Merrick Furness
Notes
The first of seven Garbo films with actor Lewis Stone, who, with the exception of Wild Orchids, played secondary roles.
1929
Role(s)
Lillie Sterling
Role(s)
Herself
Notes
Garbo and John Gilbert make cameo appearances; this film is lost.
Role(s)
Arden Stuart Hewlett
Role(s)
Irene Guarry
Notes
Garbo's, and MGM's, last silent picture
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1920
Mr. and Mrs. Stockholm Go Shopping
Elder sister
An advertisement. Garbo's segment is often known as How Not to Dress.
1921
A Fortune Hunter
Extra
Uncredited; lost film
1921
Our Daily Bread
Companion
An advertising film
1922
Peter the Tramp
Greta
Garbo's first part in a commercial film
1924
The Saga of Gosta Berling
Elizabeth Dohna
Garbo's first leading part in a feature-length film; Swedish, dir. Mauritz Stiller.
1925
Joyless Street
Greta Rumfort
German film directed by G.W. Pabst
1926
Torrent
Leonora Moreno aka La Brunna
Garbo's first American film. All of Garbo's subsequent movies were made in Hollywood and produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
1926
The Temptress
Elena
1926
Flesh and the Devil
Felicitas
The first of seven Garbo films directed by Clarence Brown, and first of four movies with co-star John Gilbert
1927
Love
Anna Karenina
Adapted from the novel Anna Karenina by Tolstoy
1928
The Divine Woman
Marianne
The film is lost; only a 9-minute reel exists.
1928
The Mysterious Lady
Tania Fedorova
1928
A Woman of Affairs
Diana Merrick Furness
The first of seven Garbo films with actor Lewis Stone, who, with the exception of Wild Orchids, played secondary roles.
1929
Wild Orchids
Lillie Sterling
1929
A Man's Man
Herself
Garbo and John Gilbert make cameo appearances; this film is lost.
1929
The Single Standard
Arden Stuart Hewlett
1929
The Kiss
Irene Guarry
Garbo's, and MGM's, last silent picture
Sound films · Filmography
1930
Role(s)
Anna Christie
Notes
Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actress
Role(s)
Madame Rita Cavallini
Notes
Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actress
Role(s)
Anna Christie
Notes
MGM's German version of Anna Christie was also released in 1930
1931
Role(s)
Yvonne Valbret
Role(s)
Susan Lenox
Role(s)
Mata Hari
Notes
After the multi-star Grand Hotel, Garbo's highest-grossing film
1932
Role(s)
Grusinskaya
Notes
Academy Award for Best Picture
Role(s)
Zara aka Marie
Notes
The first of three Garbo films with co-star Melvyn Douglas
1933
Role(s)
Queen Christina
1934
Role(s)
Katrin Koerber Fane
1935
Role(s)
Anna Karenina
Notes
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress
1936
Role(s)
Marguerite Gautier
Notes
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressNational Board of Review Best Acting AwardNominated – Academy Award for Best Actress
1937
Role(s)
Countess Marie Walewska
1939
Role(s)
Nina Ivanovna "Ninotchka" Yakushova
Notes
National Board of Review Best Acting AwardNominated – Academy Award for Best ActressNominated – New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress
1941
Role(s)
Karin Borg Blake / Katherine Borg
Notes
National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Best Acting Award
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1930
Anna Christie
Anna Christie
Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actress
1930
Romance
Madame Rita Cavallini
Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actress
1930
Anna Christie
Anna Christie
MGM's German version of Anna Christie was also released in 1930
1931
Inspiration
Yvonne Valbret
1931
Susan Lenox (Her Fall and Rise)
Susan Lenox
1931
Mata Hari
Mata Hari
After the multi-star Grand Hotel, Garbo's highest-grossing film
1932
Grand Hotel
Grusinskaya
Academy Award for Best Picture
1932
As You Desire Me
Zara aka Marie
The first of three Garbo films with co-star Melvyn Douglas
1933
Queen Christina
Queen Christina
1934
The Painted Veil
Katrin Koerber Fane
1935
Anna Karenina
Anna Karenina
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress
1936
Camille
Marguerite Gautier
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressNational Board of Review Best Acting AwardNominated – Academy Award for Best Actress
1937
Conquest
Countess Marie Walewska
1939
Ninotchka
Nina Ivanovna "Ninotchka" Yakushova
National Board of Review Best Acting AwardNominated – Academy Award for Best ActressNominated – New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress
1941
Two-Faced Woman
Karin Borg Blake / Katherine Borg
National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Best Acting Award

References

  1. mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɡrêːta ˈɡǎrːbʊ] ⓘ
  2. pronounced [ˈɡrêːta lʊˈvîːsa ˈɡɵ̂sːtafˌsɔn]
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