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Ghana

Updated: Wikipedia source

Ghana

Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It is situated with the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and shares borders with Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, and Togo to the east. Ghana covers an area of 239,567 km2 (92,497 sq mi), spanning diverse ecologies, from coastal savannas to tropical rainforests. With over 35 million inhabitants, Ghana is the thirteenth-most populous country in Africa, and the second-most populous country in West Africa specifically. The capital and largest city is Accra. The earliest kingdoms to emerge in Ghana were Bonoman in the south and the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north, with Bonoman existing in the area during the 11th century. The Asante Empire and other Akan kingdoms in the south emerged over the centuries. Beginning in the 15th century, the Portuguese Empire, followed by other European powers, contested the area for trading rights, until the British ultimately established control of the coast by the 19th century. Following more than a century of colonial resistance, the current borders of the country took shape, encompassing four separate British colonial territories: Gold Coast, Ashanti, the Northern Territories, and British Togoland. These were unified as an independent dominion within the Commonwealth of Nations. On 6 March 1957 Ghana became the first colony in Sub-Saharan Africa to achieve sovereignty. Under President Kwame Nkrumah, it became influential in decolonisation efforts and the Pan-African movement. Ghana is a multi-ethnic country with diverse linguistic and religious groups; while the Akan are the largest ethnic group, they constitute a plurality. Most Ghanaians are Christians (71.3%); almost a fifth are Muslims; a tenth practise traditional faiths or report no religion. Ghana is a unitary constitutional democracy led by a president who is head of state and head of government. For political stability in Africa, Ghana ranked seventh in the 2022 Ibrahim Index of African Governance and fifth in the 2024 Fragile States Index. Since 1993, it has maintained one of the freest and most stable governments on the continent, and performs relatively well in healthcare, economic growth, and human development. It has a significant influence in West Africa and Africa as a whole. Ghana is highly integrated in international affairs, being a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement and the African Union, and a member of the Economic Community of West African States, the Group of 24 and the Commonwealth of Nations.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Accra 05°33′18″N 00°11′33″W / 5.55500°N 0.19250°W / 5.55500; -0.19250
Official languages
English
Government-sponsored languages
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li FanteAkuapem TwiAsante TwiEweDagaareDagbanliAdangmeGaGonjaKasemNzema
Working languages
EnglishFrench HindiArabicGhanaian EnglishGhanaian Pidgin English
Ethnic groups (2021)
mw- 45.7% Akan18.5% Mole-Dagbon12.8% Ewe7.1% Ga-Adangbe6.4% Gurma3.2% Guan2.7% Gurunsi2.0% Mande1.6% other
Religion (2021)
mw- li 71.3% Christianity 10.0% Catholicism 17.4% Protestantism 43.9% other Christian 19.9% Islam3.2% traditional faiths1.1% Irreligion4.5% other
Demonym
Ghanaian
Government
Unitary presidential republic
• President
John Mahama
• Vice-President
Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang
• Speaker of Parliament
Alban Bagbin
• Chief Justice
Justice Paul Baffoe-Bonnie
Legislature
Parliament
• Dominion
6 March 1957
• Republic
1 July 1960
• Total
$88.033 billion (79th)
• Water (%)
4.61 (11,000 km2; 4,247 mi2)
• 2025 estimate
35,039,451 (46th)
• Density
151/km2 (391.1/sq mi) (90th)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$2,520 (143rd)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2024)
44 } }medium inequality
HDI (2023)
0.628medium (143rd)
Currency
Cedi (GHS)
Time zone
UTC±00:00 (GMT)
Calling code
233
ISO 3166 code
GH
Internet TLD
gh

Tables

Landmarks, borders and regions · Geography
Coastal Plain
Accra, Apam, Cape Coast, Elmina, Kakum National Park, Kokrobite, Nzulezo, Sekondi-Takoradi, Ada Foah
The Gulf of Guinea coastal plain with the seat of government and capital city, castles and forts and rainforest
Ashanti-Kwahu
Koforidua, Kumasi, Obuasi, Sunyani
Forested hills and the Kingdom of Ashanti
Volta Basin
Tamale
Lake Volta, the river system that feeds it and Ghana eastern border crossing
Northern Plains
Wa, Bolgatanga, Mole National Park
Savanna plains and north Ghana trade route and border crossing

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