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Gertrude Stein

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Gertrude Stein

Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector. Born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (now part of Pittsburgh), and raised in Oakland, California, Stein moved to Paris in 1903, and made France her home for the remainder of her life. She hosted a Paris salon, where the leading figures of modernism in literature and art, such as Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson and Henri Matisse, would meet. In 1933, Stein published a quasi-memoir of her Paris years, The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, written in the voice of Alice B. Toklas, her life partner. The book became a literary bestseller and vaulted Stein from the relative obscurity of the cult-literature scene into the limelight of mainstream attention. Two quotes from her works have become widely known: "Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose", and "there is no there there", with the latter often taken to be a reference to her childhood home of Oakland. Her books include Q.E.D. (1903), about a lesbian romantic affair involving several of Stein's friends; Fernhurst, a fictional story about a love triangle; Three Lives (1905–06); The Making of Americans (1902–1911); and Tender Buttons (1914). Her activities during World War II have been the subject of analysis and commentary. As a Jew living in Nazi-occupied France, Stein may have been able to sustain her lifestyle as an art collector, and indeed to ensure her physical safety, only through the protection of the powerful Vichy government official and Nazi collaborator Bernard Faÿ. After the war ended, Stein expressed admiration for another Nazi collaborator, Vichy leader Marshal Pétain.

Infobox

Born
(1874-02-03)February 3, 1874Allegheny, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Died
July 27, 1946(1946-07-27) (aged 72)Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
Resting place
Père Lachaise Cemetery
Occupation
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Education
Radcliffe College (BA)Johns Hopkins University
Literary movement
Modernist literature
Partner
Alice Toklas

Tables

· External links
Preceded byJack Crawford
Preceded byJack Crawford
Awards and achievements
Preceded byJack Crawford
Awards and achievements
Cover of Time magazine September 11, 1933
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byGeorge F. Zook
Awards and achievements
Preceded byJack Crawford
Cover of Time magazine September 11, 1933
Succeeded byGeorge F. Zook

References

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  2. BBC
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  3. Deutsche Welle
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  4. "Extravagant Crowd: Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas"
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  5. The New York Times
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  6. www.youtube.com
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  7. Barbara Will. HUMANITIES, March/April 2012, Volume 33, Number 2:The Strange Politics of Gertrude Stein.
  8. Humanities
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  10. The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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  20. "David Bachrach House, Baltimore City"
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  25. Hopkins Medical News
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  27. Style Magazine
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  29. Sunflowers
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  30. Three Tahitians
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  31. Bathers
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  32. Mellow (1974), p. 62.
  33. Gertrude seated near sculpture and Cézanne's Bathers (1903–04) Archived August 5, 2008, at the Library of Congress Web A
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  34. MoMA (1970), p. 26. The Delacroix painting is now in the Cone Collection, Baltimore. (Dorothy Kosinski et al., Matisse:
  35. This painting is now at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
  36. Color plates of Young Girl with Basket of Flowers, or Jeune fille aux fleurs, appear in Hobhouse, 1975, at 68 and Burns,
  37. www.pablopicasso.org
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  38. MET Museum
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  39. Mellow (1974), p. 193.
  40. Museum of Modern Art, 1970, pp. 88–89 provides detailed black-and-white images of the paintings on the wall.
  41. The first, the Paris Autumn Salon of 1905, introduced Fauvism to the Paris art public, to some shock and political carto
  42. "Cone Collection"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20141019145733/http://www.artbma.org/collection/overview/cone.html
  43. MoMA (1970), p. 28.
  44. Mellow (1974), pp. 207–8.
  45. An image of "the Cézanne apples" appears in MoMA (1970), plate 19.
  46. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/05/03/specials/stein-family.html
  47. MoMA (1970)
  48. Favored Strangers: Gertrude Stein and Her Family
    https://books.google.com/books?id=g2uyupUrgNkC&pg=PA67
  49. Gertrude Stein. "A la recherche d'un jeune peintre", revue Fontaine no. 42, pp. 287–288, 1945
  50. Gertrude Stein. "Looking for a young painter" (Riba-Rovira) Yale University U.S.A.
  51. The New York Times
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  52. Mellow (1974), p. 84.
  53. Mellow (1974), pp. 94–95.
  54. Meyers, Jeffrey – Hemingway: A Biography, Macmillan, New York, 1985. ISBN 978-0-333-42126-0
  55. Mellow (1974), pp. 273–4.
  56. poets.org
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  57. Poetry Foundation
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  58. "Author! Author!" by Doris Schneider, New York Evening Post, November 6, 1933
  59. Studies in the Psychology of Language and Communication
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  60. Grahn (1989), p. 8.
  61. Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas
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  62. Grahn (1989), p. 18.
  63. Grahn (1989), p. 21.
  64. Gertrude Stein: Autobiography and the Problem of Narration
  65. The Music of James Tenney Volume 2: A Handbook to the Pieces
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  66. Portrait of Gertrude Stein
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  67. Mellow (1974), p. 170.
  68. "When Gertrude Stein Toured America"
    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/when-gertrude-stein-toured-america-105320781/
  69. Gertrude Stein Has Arrived The Homecoming of a Literary Legend
  70. Jaillant (2015)
  71. Mellow (1974), pp. 53–58.
  72. Biography in Context
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  73. Blackmer (1995), pp. 681–6.
  74. Mellow (1974), pp. 65–8.
  75. Mellow (1974), 67.
  76. Mellow (1974), pp. 67–8.
  77. Mellow (1974), p. 68.
  78. Mellow (1974), p. 71.
  79. Mellow (1974), p. 77.
  80. Mellow (1974), pp. 114–22.
  81. Mellow (1974), p. 122.
  82. Moore, George B. Gertrude Stein's The Making of Americans: Repetition and the Emergence of Modernism. Washington, D.C.:
  83. Rainey, Lawrence. Book Review of The Making of Americans. Modernism/Modernity 4.2 (1997): 222–24.
  84. Stein, Gertrude. The Making of Americans. Normal, Illinois: Dalkey Archive Press, 1995.
  85. Kellner (1988), p. 266.
  86. Mellow (1974), p. 129.
  87. Mellow (1974), pp. 154–5, 157–8.
  88. Kellner (1988), pp. 34–5, 56–7.
  89. The Matisse and Picasso portraits were reprinted in MoMA (1970), pp. 99–102.
  90. Kellner (1988), pp. 61–62.
  91. Mellow (1974), p. 178.
  92. "The Difference is Spreading: on Gertrude Stein"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20121011190719/http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/19342
  93. Journal of Modern Literature
  94. Women's Studies
    https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00497870802049987
  95. Jewish Women's Archive
    https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/toklas-alice-babette
  96. Transition
  97. Four in America | Kirkus Reviews
    https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/gertrude-stein/four-in-america/
  98. The True Story of Alice B. Toklas: A Study of Three Autobiographies
  99. Mellow (1974), p. 107
  100. Mellow (1974), pp. 107–8.
  101. Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070914184957/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/toklas.htm
  102. Mellow (1974), pp. 149–51.
  103. Mellow (1974), p. 149.
  104. Mellow (1974), p. 209.
  105. Mellow (1974), pp. 210–5.
  106. Woman with a Hat
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  107. Mellow (1974), pp. 218–6.
  108. Mellow (1974), pp. 225–6.
  109. Mellow (1974), pp. 226–7
  110. The New Republic
    https://newrepublic.com/article/103918/barbara-will-gertrude-stein-christopher-benfey
  111. Discursive departures: A reading paradigm affiliated with feminist, lesbian, aesthetic and queer practices (with reference to Woolf, Stein, and H.D.)
    http://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/5/
  112. Grahn (1989)
  113. Blackmer (1995)
  114. YouTube
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzrmmZmPZVw
  115. "No There there"
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  116. The Times
    http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/tls_selections/biography_and_memoirs/article3121561.ece
  117. "The Cubist Republican"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110605164950/http://www.slate.com/id/2557/
  118. Joan Rettalack, Introduction to Stein Selections, University of California Press, 2008
  119. exploringfictions.blogspot.com
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  120. The New York Times
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  121. Project MUSE
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  122. The Guardian
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  123. LA Review of Books
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  124. Scene4 Magazine
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  125. Painted Lace and Other Pieces
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  126. Modern Fiction Studies
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  127. The Jewish Week
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  128. Christopher Sawyer-Laucanno, "Courage to Be Courageous": The Last Works and Days of Gertrude Stein, from The Continual P
  129. The New Yorker
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  130. The New York Review of Books
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  131. The Huffington Post
    https://www.huffingtonpost.com/alan-dershowitz/met-gertrude-stein-collaborator_b_1467174.html
  132. Gertrude Stein, Wars I Have Seen. London: B.T. Batsford, 1945, 4–5.
  133. The New York Times
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  134. "Gertrude Stein taunts Hitler in 1934 and 1945"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131023195726/https://jacket2.org/article/gertrude-stein-taunts-hitler-1934-and-1945
  135. "Gertrude Stein's war years: Setting the record straight"
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  136. tikkun.org
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  137. Hazel Rowley, "Richard Wright: The Life and Times," p. 343
  138. Un Jour de plus a Paris
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  139. Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 44876-44
  140. Jonathan Z. Smith: see idem, "When the Bough Breaks", History of Religions 12/4 (May 1973): 342
  141. Malcolm, Janet, "Someone Says Yes to It," The New Yorker 81/17 (June 13, 2005): 148
  142. Mellow (1974), p. 260.
  143. Collecting Himself
  144. Sontag, 2012. P. 398.
  145. The Green Fool
  146. Wayback Machine Archive
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  147. www.afterdinneropera.org
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  148. "Peças are Plays in Portuguese"
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  149. Essays on Ayn Rand's "The Fountainhead"
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  150. "The Adventures of Picasso"
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  151. "Waiting for the Moon"
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  152. "Paris, September 1908"
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  154. Quirky Travel Guy
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  155. SFist – San Francisco News, Restaurants, Events, & Sports
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  156. We The People
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  157. The New York Times
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  158. Hyperallergic
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  159. Johns Hopkins Medicine
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  160. "Midnight in Paris"
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  161. "Paris Was a Woman"
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  162. Bad Gays Podcast
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