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George S. Patton

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George S. Patton

George Smith Patton Jr. (11 November 1885 – 21 December 1945) was a general in the United States Army who commanded the Seventh Army in the Mediterranean Theater of World War II, then the Third Army in France and Germany after the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944. Born in 1885, Patton attended the Virginia Military Institute and the United States Military Academy at West Point. He studied fencing and designed the M1913 Cavalry Saber, more commonly known as the "Patton Saber." He competed in the modern pentathlon at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden, finishing in fifth place. Patton entered combat during the Pancho Villa Expedition of 1916, the United States' first military action using motor vehicles. He fought in World War I as part of the new United States Tank Corps of the American Expeditionary Forces: he commanded the U.S. tank school in France, then led tanks into combat and was wounded near the end of the war. In the interwar period, Patton became a central figure in the development of the army's armored warfare doctrine, serving in numerous staff positions throughout the country. At the United States' entry into World War II, he commanded the 2nd Armored Division. Patton led U.S. troops into the Mediterranean theater with an invasion of Casablanca during Operation Torch in 1942, and soon established himself as an effective commander by rapidly rehabilitating the demoralized II Corps. He commanded the U.S. Seventh Army during the Allied invasion of Sicily, where he was the first Allied commander to reach Messina. There he was embroiled in controversy after he slapped two shell-shocked soldiers, and was temporarily removed from battlefield command. He was assigned a key role in Operation Fortitude, the Allies' military deception campaign for Operation Overlord. At the start of the Western Allied invasion of France, Patton was given command of the Third Army, which conducted a highly successful rapid armored drive across France. Under his decisive leadership, the Third Army took the lead in relieving beleaguered American troops at Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge, after which his forces drove deep into Nazi Germany by the end of the war. During the Allied occupation of Germany, Patton was named military governor of Bavaria, but was relieved for making aggressive statements towards the Soviet Union and questioning denazification. Patton was also a known antisemite. He commanded the United States Fifteenth Army for slightly more than two months. Severely injured in an auto accident, he died in Germany twelve days later, on 21 December 1945. Patton's colorful image, hard-driving personality, and success as a commander were at times overshadowed by his controversial public statements. His philosophy of leading from the front, and his ability to inspire troops with attention-getting, vulgarity-laden speeches, such as his famous address to the Third Army, were received favorably by his troops, but much less so by a sharply divided Allied high command. His sending the doomed Task Force Baum to liberate his son-in-law, Lieutenant Colonel John K. Waters, from a prisoner-of-war camp further damaged his standing with his superiors. His emphasis on rapid and aggressive offensive action proved effective, and he was regarded highly by his opponents in the German High Command. The 1970 Oscar-winning biographical film Patton helped popularize his image.

Infobox

Nicknames
"Bandito""Old Blood and Guts"
Born
(1885-11-11)11 November 1885San Gabriel, California, U.S.
Died
21 December 1945(1945-12-21) (aged 60)Heidelberg, Germany
Buried
Luxembourg American Cemetery and Memorial
Allegiance
United States
Branch
United States Army
Years of service
1909–1945
Rank
General
Service number
0-2605
Unit
Cavalry Branch
Commands
mw- Fifteenth United States Army Third United States Army Seventh United States Army II Corps Desert Training Center I Armored Corps 2nd Armored Division 2nd Brigade, 2nd Armored Division 3rd Cavalry Regiment 5th Cavalry Regiment 3rd Squadron, 3rd Cavalry 304th Tank Brigade
Battles / wars
mw- }See battles li Border War Pancho Villa Expedition World War I Saint Mihiel Campaign Meuse-Argonne Campaign World War II Mediterranean Theater of War North African campaign Operation Torch Operation Brushwood Battle of Port Lyautey Tunisian campaign Battle of El Guettar European theater Operation Husky Battle of Gela Battle of Troina Western Front Allied invasion of France Operation Overlord Falaise pocket Battle of Chambois Siegfried Line campaign Lorraine campaign Battle of Nancy Battle of Arracourt Battle of Metz Battle of Fort Driant Saar campaign Battle of the Saar River Battle of Saarlautern Battle of the Bulge Siege of Bastogne Saar-Palatinate campaign Eifel campaign Central Europe Campaign Task Force Baum Battle of Aschaffenburg Danube offensive Western Bohemia offensive
Awards
Distinguished Service Cross (2) Army Distinguished Service Medal (3) Silver Star (2) Legion of Merit Bronze Star Medal Purple Heart Complete list of decorations
Alma mater
United States Military Academy (class of 1909) Virginia Military Institute (attended but did not graduate)
Spouse
mw- Beatrice Banning Ayer (m. 1910)
Children
3, including George Patton IV
Relations
George Smith Patton II (father) George Smith Patton I (paternal grandfather) Benjamin Davis Wilson (maternal grandfather) Frederick Ayer (father-in-law) John K. Waters (son-in-law) Willie (dog)
Service years
1909–1945

Tables

· Orders, decorations and medals
1st Row
Army Distinguished Service Crosswith one bronze oak leaf cluster
Army Distinguished Service Medalwith two oak leaf clusters
Navy Distinguished Service Medal(posthumous)
· Orders, decorations and medals
3rd Row
3rd Row
2nd Row
3rd Row
Silver Starwith one oak leaf cluster
Silver Lifesaving Medal
Legion of Merit
Mexican Service Medal
Bronze Star Medal
World War I Victory Medalwith four bronze campaign stars
Purple Heart
American Defense Service Medal
4th Row
4th Row
2nd Row
4th Row
Silver Starwith one oak leaf cluster
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medalwith one silver and two bronze campaign stars
Legion of Merit
World War II Victory Medal
Bronze Star Medal
Army of Occupation Medalwith "Germany" clasp (posthumous)
Purple Heart
Grand Cross of Ouissam Alaouite(Morocco)
5th Row
5th Row
2nd Row
5th Row
Silver Starwith one oak leaf cluster
Grand CrossMilitary Order of the White Lion(Czechoslovakia)
Legion of Merit
Grand CrossOrder of Adolphe of Nassau(Luxembourg)
Bronze Star Medal
Honorary Knight CommanderOrder of the British Empire (KBE) (United Kingdom)
Purple Heart
Grand OfficerLegion of Honor(France)
6th Row
6th Row
2nd Row
6th Row
Silver Starwith one oak leaf cluster
Grand OfficerOrder of Leopoldwith palm (Belgium)
Legion of Merit
Order of Kutuzov First Class(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
Bronze Star Medal
Honorary CompanionOrder of the Bath (CB)(United Kingdom)
Purple Heart
Croix de Guerre1914–1918with bronze star (France)
7th Row
7th Row
2nd Row
7th Row
Silver Starwith one oak leaf cluster
Croix de Guerre1939–1945with palm (France)
Legion of Merit
Croix de Guerre(Luxembourg)
Bronze Star Medal
Croix de Guerre with palm(Belgium)
Purple Heart
Czechoslovak War Cross1939–1945
2nd Row
Silver Starwith one oak leaf cluster
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star Medal
Purple Heart
3rd Row
Silver Lifesaving Medal
Mexican Service Medal
World War I Victory Medalwith four bronze campaign stars
American Defense Service Medal
4th Row
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medalwith one silver and two bronze campaign stars
World War II Victory Medal
Army of Occupation Medalwith "Germany" clasp (posthumous)
Grand Cross of Ouissam Alaouite(Morocco)
5th Row
Grand CrossMilitary Order of the White Lion(Czechoslovakia)
Grand CrossOrder of Adolphe of Nassau(Luxembourg)
Honorary Knight CommanderOrder of the British Empire (KBE) (United Kingdom)
Grand OfficerLegion of Honor(France)
6th Row
Grand OfficerOrder of Leopoldwith palm (Belgium)
Order of Kutuzov First Class(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
Honorary CompanionOrder of the Bath (CB)(United Kingdom)
Croix de Guerre1914–1918with bronze star (France)
7th Row
Croix de Guerre1939–1945with palm (France)
Croix de Guerre(Luxembourg)
Croix de Guerre with palm(Belgium)
Czechoslovak War Cross1939–1945
· Dates of rank
No pin insignia for Second Lieutenants in 1909
No pin insignia for Second Lieutenants in 1909
Insignia
No pin insignia for Second Lieutenants in 1909
Rank
Second Lieutenant
Component
Regular Army
Date
11 June 1909
Insignia
Rank
Component
Date
No pin insignia for Second Lieutenants in 1909
Second Lieutenant
Regular Army
11 June 1909
First Lieutenant
Regular Army
23 May 1916
Captain
Regular Army
15 May 1917
Major
National Army
26 January 1918
Lieutenant Colonel
National Army
30 March 1918
Colonel
National Army
17 October 1918
Reverted to permanent rank of Captain
Regular Army
30 June 1920
Major
Regular Army
1 July 1920
Lieutenant Colonel
Regular Army
1 March 1934
Colonel
Regular Army
1 July 1938
Brigadier General
Army of the United States
2 October 1940
Major General
Army of the United States
4 April 1941
Lieutenant General
Army of the United States
12 March 1943
Brigadier General
Regular Army
16 August 1944
Major General
Regular Army
16 August 1944
General
Army of the United States
14 April 1945
· External links
Preceded bySir Thomas BeechamWalter F. GeorgeMatthew Ridgway
Preceded bySir Thomas BeechamWalter F. GeorgeMatthew Ridgway
Awards and achievements
Preceded bySir Thomas BeechamWalter F. GeorgeMatthew Ridgway
Awards and achievements
Cover of Time magazine 12 April 194326 July 19439 April 1945
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byManuel Ávila CamachoIngrid BergmanSimon Bolivar Buckner Jr.
Military offices
Military offices
Awards and achievements
Military offices
Preceded byCharles L. Scott
Preceded byCharles L. Scott
Awards and achievements
Preceded byCharles L. Scott
Awards and achievements
Commanding General 2nd Armored Division 1941–1942
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byWillis D. Crittenberger
Preceded byCharles L. Scott
Preceded byCharles L. Scott
Awards and achievements
Preceded byCharles L. Scott
Awards and achievements
Commanding General I Armored Corps 1942–1943
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byGeoffrey Keyes
Preceded byLloyd Fredendall
Preceded byLloyd Fredendall
Awards and achievements
Preceded byLloyd Fredendall
Awards and achievements
Commanding General II Corps March–April 1943
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byOmar Bradley
New command
New command
Awards and achievements
New command
Awards and achievements
Commanding General Seventh Army 1943–1944
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byMark W. Clark
Preceded byCourtney Hodges
Preceded byCourtney Hodges
Awards and achievements
Preceded byCourtney Hodges
Awards and achievements
Commanding General Third Army 1944–1945
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byLucian Truscott
Preceded byLeonard T. Gerow
Preceded byLeonard T. Gerow
Awards and achievements
Preceded byLeonard T. Gerow
Awards and achievements
Commanding General Fifteenth Army October–December 1945
Awards and achievements
Succeeded byHobart R. Gay
Awards and achievements
Preceded bySir Thomas BeechamWalter F. GeorgeMatthew Ridgway
Cover of Time magazine 12 April 194326 July 19439 April 1945
Succeeded byManuel Ávila CamachoIngrid BergmanSimon Bolivar Buckner Jr.
Military offices
Preceded byCharles L. Scott
Commanding General 2nd Armored Division 1941–1942
Succeeded byWillis D. Crittenberger
Preceded byCharles L. Scott
Commanding General I Armored Corps 1942–1943
Succeeded byGeoffrey Keyes
Preceded byLloyd Fredendall
Commanding General II Corps March–April 1943
Succeeded byOmar Bradley
New command
Commanding General Seventh Army 1943–1944
Succeeded byMark W. Clark
Preceded byCourtney Hodges
Commanding General Third Army 1944–1945
Succeeded byLucian Truscott
Preceded byLeonard T. Gerow
Commanding General Fifteenth Army October–December 1945
Succeeded byHobart R. Gay

References

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  2. Drum's capture was the inspiration for a scene in the 1967 film The Dirty Dozen.
  3. Patton's friend Gilbert R. Cook was his deputy commander, whom Patton later had to relieve due to illness, a decision wh
  4. Oberstleutnant Horst Freiherr von Wangenheim stated that "General Patton is the most feared general on all fronts. [His]
  5. Official date of rank of 1 September 1943
  6. Official date of rank of 2 September 1943
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