George Krugers

George Edward Albert Krugers (24 November 1890 – 10 August 1964) was a filmmaker active in the Dutch East Indies (modern Indonesia) during the early 20th century. Born in Banda Neira, he migrated to Java in the 1920s. Working with L. Heuveldorp in Bandung, he made his directorial debut in 1927 with Eulis Atjih. The following year, he established the Krugers Film Company. Under this banner, he joined the Hajj in 1928 to produce Het Groote Mekka-Feest (The Great Mecca Feast), considered the first documentary film about the pilgrimage. In 1930, Krugers began producing sound films, with his Karnadi Anemer Bangkong (Karnadi the Frog Contractor, 1930) thought to have been the first domestic sound film in the Indies. After this failed commercially, Krugers began working for Tan's Film, with whom he made two films. Amidst the Great Depression, Krugers moved to Hong Kong, hoping to find work. The move was unsuccessful, and Krugers spent the remainder of his life in the Netherlands, frequently experiencing financial difficulties. Aside from Het Groote Mekka-Feest, all of his films are considered lost.

Infobox

Born

George Edward Albert Krugers (1890-11-24)24 November 1890 Banda Neira, Dutch East Indies

Died

10 August 1964(1964-08-10) (aged 73) The Hague, Netherlands

Occupation

Filmmaker

Years active

1924–1933

Tables

The films of George Krugers · Filmography

1926

Loetoeng Kasaroeng (The Mystical Monkey)

Role(s)

Cinematographer

1927

Eulis Atjih

Role(s)

Director

1928

Het Groote Mekka-Feest (The Great Mecca Feast)

Role(s)

Director

1930

Karnadi Anemer Bangkong (Karnadi the Frog Contractor)

Role(s)

Director and producer

1931

Atma de Vischer

Role(s)

Producer, sound director, and cinematographer

Huwen op Bevel (Forced to Marry)

Role(s)

Director, producer, sound director, and cinematographer

1932

Njai Dasima

Role(s)

Sound director and cinematographer

Year	Film	Role(s)	Ref.
1926	Loetoeng Kasaroeng (The Mystical Monkey)	Cinematographer
1927	Eulis Atjih	Director
1928	Het Groote Mekka-Feest (The Great Mecca Feast)	Director
1930	Karnadi Anemer Bangkong (Karnadi the Frog Contractor)	Director and producer
1931	Atma de Vischer	Producer, sound director, and cinematographer
1931	Huwen op Bevel (Forced to Marry)	Director, producer, sound director, and cinematographer
1932	Njai Dasima	Sound director and cinematographer

References

This title is based on the recollection of the journalist M. Enoh, writing in 1976 (Filmindonesia , Karnadi). Based on c
It is unclear who Sukria was, or if this was not one of Joehana's pen names. According to Rasiah nu Goreng Patut, Soekri
Suryadinata (1995, p. 43) writes that The Teng Chun's 1931 production Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang was first, while Biran
The film was also advertised with the Malay-language title Terpaksa Menika (Forced to Marry) (De Indische Courant 1931,
Woodrich 2018, p. 10.
Reichling 2022, pp. 348, 366.
Reichling 2022, p. 348.
Reichling 2022, pp. 347–348.
Krugers 2017, 3:40–3:50; Reichling 2022, p. 350
Filmindonesia , G. Krugers.
Susanto 2003, p. 240.
Biran 2009, pp. 60–61.
De Indische Courant 1927, Een Indisch Filmspel.
Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad 1927, Bioscoopnieuws.
Woodrich 2018, p. 24.
Filmindonesia , Eulis Atjih.
Biran 2009, p. 76.
Biran 2009, p. 75.
Reichling 2022, pp. 343, 351–353.
Reichling 2022, p. 356.
Het Vaderland 1928.
Filmindonesia , G. Krugers; Biran 2009, pp. 131–132
Sumatra Bode 1930, Scala Bio.
Biran 2009, p. 137.
Susanto 2003, p. 241.
Biran 2009, p. 98.
Biran 2009, p. 139.
Biran 2009, pp. 99–100.
Jakarta City Government, Tan's Film.
Biran 2009, pp. 380–381.
Biran 2009, p. 145.
Krugers 2017, 22:51.
Reichling 2022, p. 362.
Het Nieuws 1933, Ontduiking van Film-Censuur; Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad 1933, Krügers
Reichling 2022, p. 362; Krugers 2017, 23:25–23:45
Woodrich 2018, p. 11.
Nederlandsche Staatscourant 1945, Faillissementen.
Vereenigde Katholieke Pers 1945, Kostelooze Plaatsing.
Reichling 2022, p. 345.
Krugers 2017, 24:20–24:25.
Woodrich 2018, p. 9.
Ray 2023, pp. 1024, 1046.
Ray 2023, p. 1024; Reichling 2022, p. 345
Filmindonesia , Filmografi.