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Garry Kasparov

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Garry Kasparov

Garry Kimovich Kasparov (born Garik Kimovich Weinstein on 13 April 1963) is a Russian chess grandmaster, political activist and writer, who was the World Chess Champion from 1985 to 2000. His peak FIDE chess rating of 2851, achieved in 1999, was the highest recorded until being surpassed by Magnus Carlsen in 2013. From 1984 until his retirement from regular competitive chess in 2005, Kasparov was ranked the world's No. 1 player for a record 255 months overall. Kasparov also holds records for the most consecutive professional tournament victories (15) and Chess Oscars (11). Kasparov became the youngest undisputed world champion in 1985 at age 22 by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov, a record he held until 2024. He defended the title against Karpov three times, in 1986, 1987 and 1990. Kasparov held the official FIDE world title until 1993, when a dispute with FIDE led him to set up a rival organisation, the Professional Chess Association. In 1997, he became the first world champion to lose a match to a computer under standard time controls when he was defeated by the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue in a highly publicised match. He continued to hold the "Classical" world title until his defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000. Despite losing the PCA title, he continued winning tournaments and was the world's highest-rated player at the time of his official retirement. Kasparov coached Carlsen in 2009–2010, during which time Carlsen rose to world No. 1. Kasparov stood unsuccessfully for FIDE president in 2013–2014. Since retiring from chess, Kasparov has devoted his time to writing and politics. His book series My Great Predecessors, first published in 2003, details the history and games of the world champion chess players who preceded him. He formed the United Civil Front movement and was a member of The Other Russia, a coalition opposing the administration and policies of Vladimir Putin. In 2008, he announced an intention to run as a candidate in that year's Russian presidential race, but after encountering logistical problems in his campaign, for which he blamed "official obstruction", he withdrew. Following the Russian mass protests that began in 2011, he announced in June 2013 that he had left Russia for the immediate future out of fear of persecution. Following his flight from Russia, he lived in New York City with his family. In 2014, he obtained Croatian citizenship and has maintained a residence in Podstrana near Split. Kasparov was chairman of the Human Rights Foundation from 2011 to 2024. In 2017, he founded the Renew Democracy Initiative (RDI), an American political organisation promoting and defending liberal democracy in the U.S. and abroad. He serves as chairman of the group.

Infobox

Full name
Garry Kimovich Kasparov
Born
Garik Kimovich Weinstein (1963-04-13) 13 April 1963 (age 62)Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union
Country
mw- Soviet Union (until 1991)Russia (since 1991)
Title
Grandmaster (1980)
World Champion
1985–1993 (undisputed)1993–2000 (classical)
Years active
1976–2005
FIDE rating
2812 (December 2025)
Peak rating
2851 (July 1999)
Peak ranking
No. 1 (January 1984)

Tables

· External links
Preceded byAnatoly Karpov
Preceded byAnatoly Karpov
Sporting positions
Preceded byAnatoly Karpov
Sporting positions
FIDE World Chess Champion 1985–93
Sporting positions
Succeeded byAnatoly Karpov
Classical World Chess Champion 1985–2000
Classical World Chess Champion 1985–2000
Sporting positions
Classical World Chess Champion 1985–2000
Sporting positions
Succeeded byVladimir Kramnik
Preceded byPeter Svidler
Preceded byPeter Svidler
Sporting positions
Preceded byPeter Svidler
Sporting positions
Russian Chess Champion 2004
Sporting positions
Succeeded bySergei Rublevsky
Achievements
Achievements
Sporting positions
Achievements
Preceded byAnatoly KarpovAnatoly KarpovVladimir Kramnik
Preceded byAnatoly KarpovAnatoly KarpovVladimir Kramnik
Sporting positions
Preceded byAnatoly KarpovAnatoly KarpovVladimir Kramnik
Sporting positions
World No. 1 1 January 1984 – 30 June 19851 January 1986 – 31 December 19951 July 1996 – 31 March 2006
Sporting positions
Succeeded byAnatoly KarpovVladimir KramnikVeselin Topalov
Sporting positions
Preceded byAnatoly Karpov
FIDE World Chess Champion 1985–93
Succeeded byAnatoly Karpov
Classical World Chess Champion 1985–2000
Succeeded byVladimir Kramnik
Preceded byPeter Svidler
Russian Chess Champion 2004
Succeeded bySergei Rublevsky
Achievements
Preceded byAnatoly KarpovAnatoly KarpovVladimir Kramnik
World No. 1 1 January 1984 – 30 June 19851 January 1986 – 31 December 19951 July 1996 – 31 March 2006
Succeeded byAnatoly KarpovVladimir KramnikVeselin Topalov

References

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  2. Russian: Гарик Кимович Вайнштейн, romanized: Garik Kimovich Vainshteyn
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