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Fukushima nuclear accident

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Fukushima nuclear accident

On 11 March 2011, a major nuclear accident started at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima, Japan. The direct cause was the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, which resulted in electrical grid failure and damaged nearly all of the power plant's backup energy sources. The subsequent inability to sufficiently cool reactors after shutdown compromised containment and resulted in the release of radioactive contaminants into the surrounding environment. The accident was rated seven (the maximum severity) on the International Nuclear Event Scale by Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, following a report by the JNES (Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization). It is regarded as the worst nuclear incident since the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, which is the only other incident rated seven on the International Nuclear Event Scale. According to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, "no adverse health effects among Fukushima residents have been documented that are directly attributable to radiation exposure from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant accident". Insurance compensation was paid for one death from lung cancer, but this does not prove a causal relationship between radiation and the cancer. Six other persons have been reported as having developed cancer or leukemia. Two workers were hospitalized because of radiation burns, and several other people sustained physical injuries as a consequence of the accident. Criticisms have been made about the public perception of radiological hazards resulting from accidents and the implementation of evacuations (similar to the Chernobyl nuclear accident), as they were accused of causing more harm than they prevented. Following the accident, at least 164,000 residents of the surrounding area were permanently or temporarily displaced (either voluntarily or by evacuation order). The displacements resulted in at least 51 deaths as well as stress and fear of radiological hazards.As of July 2020, over 41,000 people from Fukushima were still living as evacuees. Investigations faulted lapses in safety and oversight, namely failures in risk assessment and evacuation planning. Controversy surrounds the disposal of treated wastewater once used to cool the reactor, resulting in numerous protests in neighboring countries.

The expense of cleaning up the radioactive contamination and compensation for the victims of the Fukushima nuclear accident was estimated by Japan's trade ministry in November 2016 to be 20 trillion yen (equivalent to 180 billion US dollars).

Infobox

Date
11 March 2011; 14 years ago (2011-03-11)
Location
Ōkuma and Futaba, Fukushima, Japan
Coordinates
mw- 37°25′17″N 141°1′57″E / 37.42139°N 141.03250°E / 37.42139; 141.03250
Outcome
International Nuclear Event Scale Level 7 (major accident)
Deaths
1 suspected from radiation (lung cancer, 4 years later).
Non-fatal injuries
6 with cancer or leukemia,16 with physical injuries due to hydrogen explosions. 2 workers hospitalized with radiation burns
Displaced
164,000 local residents

Tables

· Background › Fuel inventory
Reactor fuel assemblies
Reactor fuel assemblies
Location
Reactor fuel assemblies
Unit 1
400
Unit 2
548
Unit 3
548
Unit 4
0
Unit 5
548
Unit 6
764
Central storage
N/A
Spent fuel assemblies
Spent fuel assemblies
Location
Spent fuel assemblies
Unit 1
292
Unit 2
587
Unit 3
514
Unit 4
1331
Unit 5
946
Unit 6
876
Central storage
6377
New fuel assemblies
New fuel assemblies
Location
New fuel assemblies
Unit 1
100
Unit 2
28
Unit 3
52
Unit 4
204
Unit 5
48
Unit 6
64
Central storage
N/A
Location
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
Central storage
Reactor fuel assemblies
400
548
548
0
548
764
N/A
Spent fuel assemblies
292
587
514
1331
946
876
6377
New fuel assemblies
100
28
52
204
48
64
N/A
· Consequences › Radiation effects in humans
All solid cancers
All solid cancers
Cancer type
All solid cancers
Risk increase relative to baseline
4%
Leukemia
Leukemia
Cancer type
Leukemia
Risk increase relative to baseline
7%
Thyroid cancer
Thyroid cancer
Cancer type
Thyroid cancer
Risk increase relative to baseline
70%
Cancer type
Risk increase relative to baseline
All solid cancers
4%
Leukemia
7%
Thyroid cancer
70%

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