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Franz Kafka

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Franz Kafka

Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-language Jewish Czech writer and novelist born in Prague, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Widely regarded as a major figure of 20th-century literature, his works fuse elements of realism and the fantastique, and typically feature isolated protagonists facing bizarre or surreal predicaments and incomprehensible socio-bureaucratic powers. The term Kafkaesque has entered the lexicon to describe situations like those depicted in his writings. His best-known works include the novella The Metamorphosis (1915) and the novels The Trial (1924) and The Castle (1926). He is also celebrated for his brief fables and aphorisms, which frequently incorporated comedic elements alongside the darker themes of his longer works. His work has widely influenced artists, philosophers, composers, filmmakers, literary historians, religious scholars, and cultural theorists, and his writings have been seen as prophetic or premonitory of a totalitarian future. Kafka was born into a middle-class German- and Yiddish-speaking Czech Jewish family in Prague, the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire (later the capital of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic). He trained as a lawyer, and after completing his legal education was employed full-time in various legal and insurance jobs. His professional obligations led to internal conflict as he felt that his true vocation was writing. Only a minority of his works were published during his life; the story collections Contemplation (1912) and A Country Doctor (1919), and individual stories, such as his novella The Metamorphosis, were published in literary magazines, but they received little attention. He wrote hundreds of letters to family and close friends, including his father, with whom he had a strained and formal relationship. He became engaged to several women but never married. He died relatively unknown in 1924 of tuberculosis, aged 40. His friend and literary executor Max Brod ignored Kafka's wishes to destroy his remaining works, publishing them to eventual acclaim.

Infobox

Born
(1883-07-03)3 July 1883Prague, Austria-Hungary
Died
3 June 1924(1924-06-03) (aged 40)Klosterneuburg, Austria
Burial place
New Jewish Cemetery, Prague
Citizenship
mw- Austria (until 1918)[a] Czechoslovakia (from 1918)
Alma mater
German Charles-Ferdinand University
Occupations
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Works
List
Style
Modernism

Tables

· Legacy › Literary and cultural influence
Title
Year
Medium
Remarks
Ref
Ein Landarzt
1951
opera
by Hans Werner Henze, based on Kafka's story, "A Country Doctor"
"A Friend of Kafka"
1962
short story
by Nobel Prize winner Isaac Bashevis Singer, about a Yiddish actor called Jacques Kohn who said he knew Franz Kafka; in this story, according to Jacques Kohn, Kafka believed in the Golem, a legendary creature from Jewish folklore
The Trial
1962
film
the film's director, Orson Welles, said, "Say what you like, but The Trial is my greatest work, even greater than Citizen Kane"
Watermelon Man
1970
film
partly inspired by The Metamorphosis, where a white bigot wakes up as a black man
Colony
1980
music
by English rock band Joy Division, inspired by the Kafka story In the Penal Colony
Kafka
1983
play
by Jack Klaff
Kafka-Fragmente, Op. 24
1985
music
by Hungarian composer György Kurtág for soprano and violin, using fragments of Kafka's diary and letters
Kafka's Dick
1986
play
by Alan Bennett, in which the ghosts of Kafka, his father Hermann and Brod arrive at the home of an English insurance clerk (and Kafka aficionado) and his wife
Better Morphosis
1991
short story
parodic short story by Brian W. Aldiss, where a cockroach wakes up one morning to find out that it has turned into Franz Kafka
Kafka
1991
film
stars Jeremy Irons as the eponymous author; written by Lem Dobbs and directed by Steven Soderbergh, the movie mixes his life and fiction providing a semi-biographical presentation of Kafka's life and works; Kafka investigates the disappearance of one of his colleagues, taking Kafka through many of the writer's own works, most notably The Castle and The Trial
A Letter to Elise
1992
music
by English rock band The Cure, was heavily influenced by Letters to Felice by Kafka
Das Schloß
1992
opera
German-language opera by Aribert Reimann who wrote his own libretto based on Kafka's novel and its dramatization by Max Brod, premiered on 2 September 1992 at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, staged by Willy Decker and conducted by Michael Boder.
Young Indiana Jones
1993
television
by George Lucas in which a fictional Kafka appears in the episode Espionage Escapades as a friend of Indiana Jones.
Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life
1993
film
short comedy film made for BBC Scotland, won an Oscar, was written and directed by Peter Capaldi, and starred Richard E. Grant as Kafka
Bad Mojo
1996
computer game
loosely based on The Metamorphosis, with characters named Franz and Roger Samms, alluding to Gregor Samsa
In the Penal Colony
2000
opera
by Philip Glass, to a libretto by Rudy Wurlitzer
Kafka on the Shore
2002
novel
by Japanese writer Haruki Murakami, on The New York Times 10 Best Books of 2005 list, World Fantasy Award recipient
Statue of Franz Kafka
2003
sculpture
an outdoor sculpture on Vězeňská street in the Jewish Quarter of Prague, by artist Jaroslav Róna
Kafka's Trial
2005
opera
by Danish composer Poul Ruders, based on the novel and parts of Kafka's life; first performed in 2005, released on CD
Kafka's Soup
2005
book
by Mark Crick, is a literary pastiche in the form of a cookbook, with recipes written in the style of a famous author
Kafka the Musical
2011
radio play
by BBC Radio 3 produced as part of their Play of the Week programme. Franz Kafka was played by David Tennant
Sound Interpretations – Dedication To Franz Kafka
2012
music
HAZE Netlabel released musical compilation Sound Interpretations – Dedication To Franz Kafka. In this release musicians rethink the literary heritage of Kafka
Google Doodle
2013
internet culture
Google had a sepia-toned doodle of a roach in a hat opening a door, honoring Kafka's 130th birthday
The Metamorphosis
2013
dance
Royal Ballet production of The Metamorphosis with Edward Watson
Café Kafka
2014
opera
by Spanish composer Francisco Coll on a text by Meredith Oakes, built from texts and fragments by Franz Kafka; Commissioned by Aldeburgh Music, Opera North and Royal Opera Covent Garden
Head of Franz Kafka
2014
sculpture
an outdoor sculpture in Prague by David Černý
Forest Dark
2017
novel
by Nicole Krauss; partly based on the conceit that Kafka staged his death and funeral in Austria; he moved to Palestine (later Israel), where he lived out his life under an assumed name, working as a gardener, dying in 1958
VRwandlung
2018
virtual reality
a virtual reality experience of the first part of The Metamorphosis, directed by Mika Johnson
Die Herrlichkeit des Lebens (The Glory of Life)
2024
film
biographical film directed by Judith Kaufmann and Georg Maas
Lovers of Franz K.
2025
novella
by Burhan Sönmez, translated from Kurdish by Sami Hêzil. About an attempt to murder Max Brod for his "betrayal" of Kafka by not destroying his manuscripts.
Letters to Kafka
2025
novel
novel by Christine Estima, published by House of Anansi Press, that recounts the love story between Kafka and Milena Jesenská
Franz
2025
film
biographical film directed by Agnieszka Holland

References

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  2. mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- UK: /ˈkæfkə/, US: /ˈkɑːf-/; German: [ˈfʁant͡s ˈkafka] ⓘ; Czech:
  3. Like his longer fiction, these sketches may be brutal in some aspects, but their dreadfulness is frequently comedic. A c
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