| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Loss | 24–11–1 | Chris Gutiérrez | KO (knee) | UFC 281 | November 12, 2022 | 1 | 2:01 | New York City, New York, United States | |
| Loss | 24–10–1 | Marlon Vera | KO (front kick) | UFC 268 | November 6, 2021 | 3 | 3:50 | New York City, New York, United States | |
| Loss | 24–9–1 | Cory Sandhagen | KO (flying knee) | UFC Fight Night: Overeem vs. Volkov | February 6, 2021 | 1 | 0:28 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 24–8–1 | Pedro Munhoz | Decision (split) | UFC on ESPN: Munhoz vs. Edgar | August 22, 2020 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Bantamweight debut. Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 23–8–1 | Jung Chan-sung | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Edgar vs. The Korean Zombie | December 21, 2019 | 1 | 3:18 | Busan, South Korea | |
| Loss | 23–7–1 | Max Holloway | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 240 | July 27, 2019 | 5 | 5:00 | Edmonton, Alberta, Canada | For the UFC Featherweight Championship. |
| Win | 23–6–1 | Cub Swanson | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Barboza vs. Lee | April 21, 2018 | 3 | 5:00 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |
| Loss | 22–6–1 | Brian Ortega | KO (punch) | UFC 222 | March 3, 2018 | 1 | 4:44 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 22–5–1 | Yair Rodríguez | TKO (doctor stoppage) | UFC 211 | May 13, 2017 | 2 | 5:00 | Dallas, Texas, United States | |
| Win | 21–5–1 | Jeremy Stephens | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 205 | November 12, 2016 | 3 | 5:00 | New York City, New York, United States | |
| Loss | 20–5–1 | José Aldo | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 200 | July 9, 2016 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | For the interim UFC Featherweight Championship. |
| Win | 20–4–1 | Chad Mendes | KO (punch) | The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs. Team Faber Finale | December 11, 2015 | 1 | 2:28 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 19–4–1 | Urijah Faber | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Edgar vs. Faber | May 16, 2015 | 5 | 5:00 | Pasay, Philippines | |
| Win | 18–4–1 | Cub Swanson | Submission (neck crank) | UFC Fight Night: Edgar vs. Swanson | November 22, 2014 | 5 | 4:56 | Austin, Texas, United States | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 17–4–1 | Penn | TKO (punches) | The Ultimate Fighter: Team Edgar vs. Team Penn Finale | July 6, 2014 | 3 | 4:16 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 16–4–1 | Charles Oliveira | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 162 | July 6, 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 15–4–1 | José Aldo | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 156 | February 2, 2013 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Featherweight debut. For the UFC Featherweight Championship. Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 15–3–1 | Benson Henderson | Decision (split) | UFC 150 | August 11, 2012 | 5 | 5:00 | Denver, Colorado, United States | For the UFC Lightweight Championship. |
| Loss | 15–2–1 | Benson Henderson | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 144 | February 26, 2012 | 5 | 5:00 | Saitama, Japan | Lost the UFC Lightweight Championship. Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 15–1–1 | Gray Maynard | KO (punches) | UFC 136 | October 8, 2011 | 4 | 3:54 | Houston, Texas, United States | Defended the UFC Lightweight Championship. Knockout of the Night. |
| Draw | 14–1–1 | Gray Maynard | Draw (split) | UFC 125 | January 1, 2011 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Retained the UFC Lightweight Championship. Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 14–1 | Penn | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 118 | August 28, 2010 | 5 | 5:00 | Boston, Massachusetts, United States | Defended the UFC Lightweight Championship. |
| Win | 13–1 | Penn | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 112 | April 10, 2010 | 5 | 5:00 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | Won the UFC Lightweight Championship. |
| Win | 12–1 | Matt Veach | Submission (rear-naked choke) | The Ultimate Fighter: Heavyweights Finale | December 5, 2009 | 2 | 2:22 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 11–1 | Sean Sherk | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 98 | May 23, 2009 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 10–1 | Hermes França | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Irvin | July 19, 2008 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 9–1 | Gray Maynard | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Florian vs. Lauzon | April 2, 2008 | 3 | 5:00 | Broomfield, Colorado, United States | |
| Win | 9–0 | Spencer Fisher | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 78 | November 17, 2007 | 3 | 5:00 | Newark, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 8–0 | Mark Bocek | TKO (punches) | UFC 73 | July 7, 2007 | 1 | 4:55 | Sacramento, California, United States | |
| Win | 7–0 | Tyson Griffin | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 67 | February 3, 2007 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 6–0 | Jim Miller | Decision (unanimous) | Reality Fighting 14 | November 18, 2006 | 3 | 5:00 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | Defended the Reality Fighting Lightweight Championship. |
| Win | 5–0 | Deividas Taurosevičius | Decision (unanimous) | Reality Fighting 13: Battle at the Beach | August 5, 2006 | 3 | 5:00 | Wildwood, New Jersey, United States | Won the Reality Fighting Lightweight Championship. |
| Win | 4–0 | Steve McCabe | Submission (guillotine choke) | Ring of Combat 10 | April 14, 2006 | 1 | 2:37 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 3–0 | Jerome Isip | Technical Submission (rear-naked choke) | SportFighting 2 | December 10, 2005 | 1 | 3:26 | Hoboken, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 2–0 | Mark Getto | TKO (punches) | Ring of Combat 9 | October 29, 2005 | 1 | 4:21 | Asbury Park, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 1–0 | Eric Uresk | TKO (punches) | Underground Combat League | July 10, 2005 | 1 | 3:38 | The Bronx, New York, United States | |