Topzle Topzle

Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse

Updated: Wikipedia source

Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse

On March 26, 2024, the main spans and the three nearest northeast approach spans of the Francis Scott Key Bridge across the Patapsco River in the Baltimore metropolitan area of Maryland, United States, collapsed after one of the bridge piers was struck by the container ship Dali, which had suffered catastrophic power outages that impaired its control systems. Six members of a maintenance crew working on the roadway were killed, one was rescued from the river, and an inspector was rescued from the remaining structure. The collapse blocked most shipping to and from the Port of Baltimore for 11 weeks. Maryland Governor Wes Moore called the event a "global crisis" that affected more than 8,000 jobs. The economic impact of the closure of the waterway was estimated at $15 million per day. Maryland officials have said they plan to replace the bridge by late 2030; initial cost estimates of $1 billion to $1 billion were later revised to $4 billion to $5 billion.

Infobox

Date
March 26, 2024 (2024-03-26)
Time
1:28:49 a . EDT (05:28:49 UTC)
Location
Baltimore metropolitan area, Maryland, United States
Coordinates
39°12′56″N 76°31′47″W / 39 °N 76 °W / 39 ; -76
Type
Bridge collapse
Cause
Loss of propulsion on ship, leading to allision with pier and subsequent collapse of the bridge truss
Deaths
6
Non-fatal injuries
2
Property damage
Collapse of bridge spans Damage to Dali and its cargo At least seven vehicles submerged

Tables

· Collapse › Timeline
00:36
00:36
Time (a . EDT)
00:36
Event
Dali departs Seagirt Marine Terminal.
01:07
01:07
Time (a . EDT)
01:07
Event
Dali enters Fort McHenry Channel, and the first tugboat leaves the ship.
01:08
01:08
Time (a . EDT)
01:08
Event
The second tugboat leaves the ship, and the engines are set to "slow ahead" (8–10 knots (9 –11 mph; 15–19 km/h)).
01:24:59
01:24:59
Time (a . EDT)
01:24:59
Event
With Dali approximately 3,200 feet (980 m) from the bridge and underway at a heading of 142° at 8 knots (10 mph; 16 km/h), the ship loses low-voltage (LV) power, causing a loss of lights, steering, fuel pumps, cooling pumps, and bow thrusters.
01:25:03
01:25:03
Time (a . EDT)
01:25:03
Event
The voyage data recorder (VDR) ceases to record ship systems, but continues to record audio.
01:25:08
01:25:08
Time (a . EDT)
01:25:08
Event
The main engine shuts down, but generators 3 and 4 remain operational.
01:25:47
01:25:47
Time (a . EDT)
01:25:47
Event
Dali starts turning to starboard, and the helmsman attempts to turn hard to port, not realizing that the rudder was not operational.
01:25:58
01:25:58
Time (a . EDT)
01:25:58
Event
The ships electrician manually closes the breaker on the transformer that converts high voltage to low voltage, restoring LV power and causing the lights to come back on. VDR parametric data recording resumes 4 seconds later. The flushing pump, which was being used to supply the two running generators with fuel, does not start because it was not se
01:26:10
01:26:10
Time (a . EDT)
01:26:10
Event
The emergency generator turns on, restoring steering power, and the helmsman sets the rudder to port 20°. Dense black smoke begins to pour from Dali's funnel
01:26:18
01:26:18
Time (a . EDT)
01:26:18
Event
The ship reaches its maximum rate of turn away from the bridge, 7 °/minute.
01:26:38
01:26:38
Time (a . EDT)
01:26:38
Event
The pilot sends a radio call requesting tugboat assistance.
01:26:44
01:26:44
Time (a . EDT)
01:26:44
Event
The pilot association dispatcher informs the Maryland Department of Transportation (MDTA) duty officer of Dali's lack of steering. One tugboat begins heading towards the Dali.
01:27:02
01:27:02
Time (a . EDT)
01:27:02
Event
The pilot orders the port anchor be dropped.
01:27:04
01:27:04
Time (a . EDT)
01:27:04
Event
Generators 3 and 4 begin underperforming due to a lack of fuel. The ship's power management system attempts to start generator 2, but is not able to get it online before the other generators fail. Both high and low voltage circuit breakers open. Only limited lighting, steering, and other equipment powered by the emergency generator remain operation
01:27:07
01:27:07
Time (a . EDT)
01:27:07
Event
Generator 2 comes online providing high voltage power, but low voltage power is not restored because the circuit breakers remain open.
01:27:23
01:27:23
Time (a . EDT)
01:27:23
Event
The pilot commands hard to port, and the pilot in training makes a distress call over VHF radio.
01:27:36
01:27:36
Time (a . EDT)
01:27:36
Event
The electrician manually closes the breakers, restoring LV power to the lighting, main engine, and additional steering pumps. The main engine, which needed to be restarted manually, remains off. An engineer is sent to manually restart the flushing pump that supplies generators 3 and 4.
01:27:46
01:27:46
Time (a . EDT)
01:27:46
Event
With Dali approximately 939 feet (286 m) from the bridge, the pilot commands the bow thruster be set to "full to port". The bow thruster is not operational because its pumps had not been manually restarted.
01:27:53
01:27:53
Time (a . EDT)
01:27:53
Event
The MDTA duty officer dispatches units to shut down the bridge.
01:27:55
01:27:55
Time (a . EDT)
01:27:55
Event
The flushing pump is restarted, but the bridge is informed that crews were unable to release the brake to drop the anchor.
01:28:10
01:28:10
Time (a . EDT)
01:28:10
Event
Dali leaves the Fort McHenry Channel and begins to impact the mud near bridge pier 17.
01:28:21
01:28:21
Time (a . EDT)
01:28:21
Event
An MDTA officer blocks off the north end of the Key Bridge, and tells the duty officer that he would warn the constructions crews once another officer was able to relieve him.
01:28:42
01:28:42
Time (a . EDT)
01:28:42
Event
The anchor brake is manually released, allowing the anchor to be dropped.
01:29:09
01:29:09
Time (a . EDT)
01:29:09
Event
Dali collides with the bridge at 6 knots (7 mph; 11 km/h).
01:29:22
01:29:22
Time (a . EDT)
01:29:22
Event
Pier 17 collapses, with the main spans and their support piers following a few seconds later.
01:29:27
01:29:27
Time (a . EDT)
01:29:27
Event
MDTA reports collapse of bridge.
01:29:37
01:29:37
Time (a . EDT)
01:29:37
Event
Pilot reports collapse of bridge.
01:29:51
01:29:51
Time (a . EDT)
01:29:51
Event
All vehicular approaches to the bridge reported shut down.
Time (a . EDT)
Event
00:36
Dali departs Seagirt Marine Terminal.
01:07
Dali enters Fort McHenry Channel, and the first tugboat leaves the ship.
01:08
The second tugboat leaves the ship, and the engines are set to "slow ahead" (8–10 knots (9 –11 mph; 15–19 km/h)).
01:24:59
With Dali approximately 3,200 feet (980 m) from the bridge and underway at a heading of 142° at 8 knots (10 mph; 16 km/h), the ship loses low-voltage (LV) power, causing a loss of lights, steering, fuel pumps, cooling pumps, and bow thrusters.
01:25:03
The voyage data recorder (VDR) ceases to record ship systems, but continues to record audio.
01:25:08
The main engine shuts down, but generators 3 and 4 remain operational.
01:25:47
Dali starts turning to starboard, and the helmsman attempts to turn hard to port, not realizing that the rudder was not operational.
01:25:58
The ships electrician manually closes the breaker on the transformer that converts high voltage to low voltage, restoring LV power and causing the lights to come back on. VDR parametric data recording resumes 4 seconds later. The flushing pump, which was being used to supply the two running generators with fuel, does not start because it was not se
01:26:10
The emergency generator turns on, restoring steering power, and the helmsman sets the rudder to port 20°. Dense black smoke begins to pour from Dali's funnel
01:26:18
The ship reaches its maximum rate of turn away from the bridge, 7 °/minute.
01:26:38
The pilot sends a radio call requesting tugboat assistance.
01:26:44
The pilot association dispatcher informs the Maryland Department of Transportation (MDTA) duty officer of Dali's lack of steering. One tugboat begins heading towards the Dali.
01:27:02
The pilot orders the port anchor be dropped.
01:27:04
Generators 3 and 4 begin underperforming due to a lack of fuel. The ship's power management system attempts to start generator 2, but is not able to get it online before the other generators fail. Both high and low voltage circuit breakers open. Only limited lighting, steering, and other equipment powered by the emergency generator remain operation
01:27:07
Generator 2 comes online providing high voltage power, but low voltage power is not restored because the circuit breakers remain open.
01:27:23
The pilot commands hard to port, and the pilot in training makes a distress call over VHF radio.
01:27:36
The electrician manually closes the breakers, restoring LV power to the lighting, main engine, and additional steering pumps. The main engine, which needed to be restarted manually, remains off. An engineer is sent to manually restart the flushing pump that supplies generators 3 and 4.
01:27:46
With Dali approximately 939 feet (286 m) from the bridge, the pilot commands the bow thruster be set to "full to port". The bow thruster is not operational because its pumps had not been manually restarted.
01:27:53
The MDTA duty officer dispatches units to shut down the bridge.
01:27:55
The flushing pump is restarted, but the bridge is informed that crews were unable to release the brake to drop the anchor.
01:28:10
Dali leaves the Fort McHenry Channel and begins to impact the mud near bridge pier 17.
01:28:21
An MDTA officer blocks off the north end of the Key Bridge, and tells the duty officer that he would warn the constructions crews once another officer was able to relieve him.
01:28:42
The anchor brake is manually released, allowing the anchor to be dropped.
01:29:09
Dali collides with the bridge at 6 knots (7 mph; 11 km/h).
01:29:22
Pier 17 collapses, with the main spans and their support piers following a few seconds later.
01:29:27
MDTA reports collapse of bridge.
01:29:37
Pilot reports collapse of bridge.
01:29:51
All vehicular approaches to the bridge reported shut down.

References

  1. A crash between two moving vessels is a collision; a crash between a moving vessel and a stationary object, such as a br
    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/allision
  2. Homendy, Jennifer L.
    https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/MIR2540.pdf
  3. The Washington Post
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/03/27/baltimore-bridge-collapse-bodies-missing-workers/
  4. The Baltimore Sun
    https://www.baltimoresun.com/2024/04/05/key-bridge-maynor-suazo-sandoval/
  5. The Baltimore Banner
    https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/community/local-news/key-bridge-collapse-victim-found-YQ3K2TALVJDEPERO6EUKRCFVHQ/
  6. Key Bridge Response 2024
    https://web.archive.org/web/20240502113624/https://www.keybridgeresponse2024.com/post/update-17-authorities-identify-fifth-victim-recovered-in-the-collapse-of-the-francis-scott-key-brid
  7. The Baltimore Sun
    https://www.baltimoresun.com/2024/05/07/body-victim-recovered-key-bridge/
  8. BBC
    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68679930
  9. Al Jazeera
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/30/what-is-the-economic-cost-of-baltimores-key-bridge-collapse
  10. Associated Press
    https://apnews.com/article/baltimore-bridge-collapse-body-found-cdd8441c5dff48028d1e141b943ca31e
  11. The Baltimore Sun
    https://www.baltimoresun.com/2025/11/17/key-bridge-rebuild-costs-soar/
  12. The New York Times
    https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/03/28/business/economy/big-ship-dali-baltimore.html
  13. Associated Press
    https://apnews.com/article/key-bridge-collapse-baltimore-national-anthem-d22abe7910d7d4ece6c8437997b6d5a5
  14. AP News
    https://apnews.com/article/baltimore-bridge-collapse-53169b379820032f832de4016c655d1b
  15. CNN
    https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/26/us/baltimore-key-bridge-collapse-tuesday/
  16. France 24
    https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240326-major-baltimore-bridge-collapses-after-ship-collision
  17. Frittelli, Goldman & Lohman 2024, p. 1.
  18. "Logistics companies scramble after bridge collapse closes Port of Baltimore until further notice"
    https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/26/logistics-companies-scramble-after-bridge-collapse-closes-port-of-baltimore.html
  19. The Wall Street Journal
    https://www.wsj.com/finance/baltimore-bridge-economic-impact-0514d05a
  20. Al Jazeera
    https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/26/baltimore-key-bridge-collapse-all-we-know-about-the-ship-crash-and-victims
Image
Source:
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.