-
Morris signed two of the documents, one as a delegate from New York, and one as a delegate from Pennsylvania.
-
Jilson, 1994, p. 291; Portrait by Gilbert Stuart
-
Morris, 1973, p. 1
-
Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk
https://web.archive.org/web/20140408173429/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAEengland.htm -
New Netherland and the Dutch Origins of American Religious Liberty
https://books.google.com/books?id=6REAYXK1HmMC&q=dutch+founding+fathers -
The Huguenots in France and America
https://books.google.com/books?id=OYNTyp6XjcAC&q=french+huguenot+founding+fathers+america -
American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic
-
Bernstein, 1987, pp. 6–7
-
Sneff, 2016, Essay
-
Jedson, 2006, pp. 4–5, 37
-
US Constitution, Transcription
-
J.Adams and Massachusetts Constitution
-
Morris: John Jay & the Constitution
-
Bradford, 1994, pp. 129, 132
-
Jilson, 1994, p. 291
-
Library of Congress: Chronological list of Presidents
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 10, pp. 8–9
-
Chernow, 2004, pp. 2, 4, 287
-
Chernow, 2010, pp. 429, 526
-
Stewart, 2015, p. 186
-
Dictionary of American Biography, 1932, v. 6, p. 595
-
National Archives: Signers of the Declaration, Outline of signers
-
National Archives, Framers of the Constitution
-
Padover, 1958, pp. 191–214
-
Encyclopædia Britannica, p. 12
-
The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
https://www.newspapers.com/image/50416335 -
Bernstein, 2009, pp. 6–7
-
Library of Congress
https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/immigration/african/resistance-and-abolition/ -
"U.S. Debt and Foreign Loans, 1775–1795"
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1784-1800/loans -
Bernstein, 2009, pp. ix–x1
-
Bernstein, 1987, pp. 3–5
-
Harding, 1921, Inaugural Address
-
Reagan, 1981, First Inaugural Address
-
Reagan, 1985, Second Inaugural Address
-
Founders Online, National Archives
https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-03-02-1904 -
Ellis, 2007, pp. 6–7
-
Jefferson, 1805, Second Inaugural Address
-
J. Quincy Adams, 1825, Inaugural Address
-
J. Q. Adams, 1826, Executive order
-
Martin Van Buren, 1837, Inaugural Address
-
Polk, 1845, Inaugural Address
-
Conany, 2015, p. ix
-
McKinley, 1897, First Inaugural Address
-
"America's Founding Documents"
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs -
Altman, 2003, pp. 20–21
-
Bellia, 2020, pp. 835–940
-
Morton, 2006, pp. 1, 316
-
Beeman, 2009, pp. xxi–xxiii, 25955
-
Morton, 2006, p. 4
-
Bernstein, 2009, pp. 177–179
-
Holmes, 2006, p. 150
-
Bernstein, 2009, p. 179
-
Campbell, 1969, pp. 130, 134
-
Kidd, 2011, pp. 81, 101, 177, 198, 216
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 9, pp. 209–210
-
Dungan, Nicholas, 2010, pp. 3, 4, 187–189
-
Chernow, 2004, p. 96
-
Gotham Center, NY: Livingston papers
-
Dangerfield, 1960
-
Bernstein, 2009, pp. 126, 180
-
loc.gov
https://guides.loc.gov/american-founders-papers/founders-k-o -
The American Founders
https://archive.org/details/americanfounders0000lehr/page/157/mode/2up -
John Marshall: The Chief Justice Who Saved the Nation
https://archive.org/details/johnmarshallchie0000unge/page/n5/mode/2up -
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 82, pp. 219–223
-
Unger, 2009, pp. 2–3
-
Cogliano, 2006, p. 241
-
Kann, 1999, p. xi
-
Bowman, 2005, pp. 22–25
-
Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 2005, p. 45
-
Braff, 2009, pp. 39–43
-
McCullough, 2001, pp. 96–97
-
Bernstein, 2009, pp. 51–179
-
McCullough, 2001, pp. 538–539
-
Ramage, 1922, pp. 415–418
-
bioguide.congress.gov
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000398 -
Bowling, 1976, pp. 314–335
-
Cary, 1961, pp. viii, 19–20
-
Buchanan, 2007, pp. 522–524
-
Wright, 1996, pp. 525–560
-
Allen, 2002, p. 75
-
Mount Vernon, Peyton Randolph, Essay
-
Jilson & Wilson, 1994, p. 50
-
Bradford, 1994, pp. 21–25
-
Encyclopædia Britannica
-
Kann, 1999, pp. xi–xii
-
History.com
https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/founding-fathers-united-states#section_10 -
womenshistory.org
https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/abigail-adams -
Encyclopædia Britannica, pp. 166–167
-
McWilliams, 1976, pp. 257–282
-
Freedom's Prophet: Bishop Richard Allen, the AME Church, and the Black Founding Fathers
https://archive.org/details/freedomsprophetb0000newm/page/n3/mode/2up -
Encyclopædia Britannica, pp. 172–173
-
Boston City Council, archives, p. 34
-
Mythbusting the Founding Mothers
https://www.womenshistory.org/articles/mythbusting-founding-mothers -
"John Adams I (Frigate) 1799–1867"
https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/j/john-adams-frigate-i.html -
Meany 1911, p. 1.
-
George Washington's Mount Vernon (mountvernon.org)
https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/hugh-henry-brackenridge/ -
Western Pennsylvania History
https://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/download/1435/1283 -
Pennsylvania Center for the Book
https://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/literary-cultural-heritage-map-pa/bios/Brackenridge__Hugh_Henry -
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
https://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20000102brackenridge1.asp -
American Presbyterians
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23332616 -
American Sociological Review
https://www.jstor.org/stable/48595814 -
Deetz, 1996, pp. 138–140
-
Chernow, 2004, pp. 301, 315, 318–319, 423, 464
-
Yafa, 2006, p. 76
-
The Sewanee Review
https://www.jstor.org/stable/27530558 -
Propaganda 1776: Secrets, Leaks, and Revolutionary Communications in Early America
https://academic.oup.com/book/34798/chapter/297631748 -
Founder of the Day
https://founderoftheday.com/founder-of-the-day/hendrick-fisher -
Dungan, Nicholas, 2010
-
Ellis, 2007, p. 86
-
Roberts, Cokie (2005). Founding Mothers: The Women Who Raised Our Nation. Harper Perennial.
-
Roberts, Cokie (2008). Ladies of Liberty: The Women Who Shaped Our Nation. Harper.
-
Chernow, 2010, p. 363
-
"Principles and acts of the revolution in America"
https://archive.org/details/principlesactsof01nile/page/322?q=%22benjamin+kent%22 -
Sibley's Harvard Graduates
https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fuc1.31970025342293 -
founders.archives.gov
https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/06-04-02-0057 -
Raab, 2007, ISBN 978-0786432134, pp. 135
-
Jones, Keith Marshall, III. John Laurance: The Immigrant Founding Father America Never Knew. Philadelphia: American Phil
-
O'Brien, 1937, p. 13
-
Chernow, 2004, pp. 42, 73, 78
-
Marine Corps University, Essay
https://www.usmcu.edu/Research/Marine-Corps-History-Division/People/Whos-Who-in-Marine-Corps-History/Mackie-Ozbourn/Major-Samuel-Nicholas/ -
Raphael, Ray. The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Founding Fathers And the Birth of Our Nation (Penguin, 2011).
-
Schwartz, 1987, pp. 12, 28
-
Chapter 16
https://chapter16.org/tennessees-first-hero/ -
John Trumbull, patriot-artist of the American Revolution
https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1229525 -
American Heritage
https://www.americanheritage.com/painter-revolution -
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 19, pp. 226–227
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 17, pp. 226–227
-
Kendall, 2010, pp. 5–7
-
Jensen, 1968, pp. 59–61
-
Carp, 2010, p. 15
-
Chaffin, 1991, p. 132.
-
Carp, 2010, pp. 193–195
-
Carp, 2010, p. 143
-
History.com
https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/boston-tea-party -
Andrilk, 2012, pp. 98–99
-
Mount Vernon, Essay: First Continental Congress
-
Jensen, 1968, p. 461
-
Ammerman, 1974, p. 145
-
Chorlton, 2011, p.xxviii
-
Burnett, 1941, pp. ix, 197
-
Jensen, 1968, p. 490
-
Chorlton, 2011, p. 51
-
Campbell, 1969, p. 110
-
Suffolk, 1973, pp. 21–34
-
Adams, 1971, Autobiography, p. 135
-
Scaife, 1921, p. 9
-
Suffolk, 1973, pp. 37–38
-
Maier, 1998, p. 3
-
Perry, 1959, pp. xix, 285
-
Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies
https://www.jstor.org/stable/27772339 -
Bullion, 1999, pp. 73,76
-
Ammerman, 1974, pp. 83–84
-
Chorlton, 2011, pp. 25–26
-
Alexander, 2002, pp. 145–146
-
Burnett, 1941, pp. 64–67
-
Fowler, 1980, p. 189
-
Congress 1775, pp. 96–97
-
Burnett, 1941, pp. 66–67
-
Burnett, 1941, pp. 71–72
-
Congress 1775, p. 105
-
Congress 1775, p. 108
-
Burnett, 1941, pp. 72–76
-
Andrilk, 2012, p. 132
-
Chernow, 2010, pp. 185–187
-
Phillips, 2012, p. 11
-
Morris, 1973, pp. 133–134
-
Boyd, 1950, p. 55
-
Burnett, 1941, p. 86
-
McCullough, 2006, p. 10
-
Maier, 1998, p. 25
-
Cogliano, 2006, p. 139
-
Maier, 1998, p. 131
-
Ellis, 2007, p. 20
-
Allen, 2002, p. 96
-
Allen, 2002, p. 60
-
Allen, 2002, p. 233
-
Friedenwald, 1904, pp. 123, 139
-
Andrilk, 2012, p. 194
-
Swindler, 1981, pp. 167–168
-
Chernow, 2010, pp. 352–353
-
Ferling, 2007, p. 29
-
Ferling, 2007, p. 178
-
Renehan, 2007, p. 2
-
Chernow, 2010, p. 446
-
Jedson, 2006, pp. 4–5
-
Morris, 1965, p. 110
-
Jedson, 2006, p. 35
-
Renehan, 2007, p. 28
-
Meng, 1933, pp. 198–200
-
Ferling, 1986, p. 254
-
Maier, 2010, pp. 11–12
-
Bowen, 1986, p. 5
-
"Delegates of the Continental and Confederation Congresses Who Signed the United States Constitution"
https://history.house.gov/People/Continental-Congress/Signatories/ -
"Founders on the Defects of the Articles of Confederation 1780–1787: Letters (Excerpts)"
https://americainclass.org/sources/makingrevolution/constitution/text1/foundersdefectsarticlesconf.pdf -
Jensen, 1964, pp. 31–33
-
Jensen, 1950, p. 421
-
Warren, 1928, p. 95
-
Adler, 2015, p. xi
-
Jillson, 1994, p. 42
-
Maier, 2010, p. 28
-
Beeman, 2009, pp. 83–84
-
Bowen, 1986, p. 22–23
-
Warren, 1928, pp. 134–136
-
Warren, 1928, pp. 141–142
-
Bowen, 1986, pp. 38, 104–106
-
Bernstein, 1987, pp. 158–161
-
Bowen, 1986, pp. 106–107
-
Farrand, 1913, pp. 68–70
-
Warren, 1928, pp. 146–148
-
Jillson, 2016, pp. 41–43
-
Bowen, 1986, pp. 107
-
Beeman, 2009, pp. 160–16255
-
Rakove, 2010, pp. 370–371
-
Bowman, 1986, p. 54, 63
-
Warren, 1928, pp. 185–186
-
Bowen, 1986, p. 86
-
Jillson, 2016, p. 43
-
Beeman, 2009, p. 55
-
Van Doren, 1986, pp. 96–105
-
Farrand, 1913, pp. 89–91
-
Maier, 2010, p. 42
-
Bowen, 1986, p. 140
-
Bernstein, 1987, pp. 167–168
-
Beeman, 2009, pp. 218–220
-
Maier, 2010, p. 35
-
Beeman, 2009, pp. 362–363
-
Farrand, 1913, p. 105
-
Warren, 1928, pp. 281–282, 810–812
-
Bowman, 1986, pp. 115, 140
-
Maier, 2010, p. 46
-
Bernstein, 1987, p. 179
-
Maier, 2010, p. 36
-
Van Doren, 1986, p. 237
-
Maier, 2010, p. 22
-
Morton, 2006, p. 15
-
Beeman, 2009, pp. 294, 351
-
Ellis, 2007, p. 160
-
Maier, 2010, p. 122
-
Warren, 1928, pp. 768, 819
-
Jillson, 2016, p. 50
-
Morton, 2006, pp. 185–186
-
Campbell, 1969, p. 317
-
Beeman, 2009, p. 409
-
Beeman, 2009, pp. 351, 442
-
Maier, 2010, pp. 314–316
-
Warren, 1928, p. 820
-
Maier, 2010, pp. 458–459
-
Bowman, 2005, p. 175
-
Van Doren, 1986, p. 238
-
Maier, 2010, p. 439
-
Bowman, 2005, p. 129
-
National Archives: Madison at the Federal Convention, Essay
-
Labunski, 2006, pp. 20–22
-
Labunski, 2006, pp. xi–xii
-
Labunski, 2006, pp. 51–53, 104, 169
-
Kidd, 2011, p. 189
-
Labunski, 2006, pp. 9–10
-
Labunski, 2006, p. 240, 253
-
Labunski, 2006, pp. 59–60
-
Labunski, 2006, p. 277
-
Stewart, 2015, pp. 98, 180
-
Bernstein, 2009, p. 6
-
Bernstein, 2009, p. 8
-
Padover, 1958, pp. 192–193
-
Padover, 1958, pp. 193–194
-
Padover, 1958, pp. 195
-
Brown, 1976, p. 479
-
Journal of the American Revolution
https://allthingsliberty.com/2017/10/analyzing-founders-closer-look-signers-4-founding-documents/ -
Padover, 1958, p. 194
-
Brown, 1976, pp. 474–476
-
Brown, 1976, p. 469
-
"Signers of The Declaration of Independence"
https://www.usconstitution.net/declarsigndata.html -
usconstitution.net
https://www.usconstitution.net/artsigndata.html -
"Data on the Framers of the Constitution"
https://www.usconstitution.net/constframedata.html -
Martin, 1973, pp. 174, 223
-
Greene, 1973, pp. 1–22
-
American National Biography, 1999, v. 1, pp. 101–104
-
McCullough, 2001, pp. 71, 222, 379
-
Dictionary of American Biography, 1932, v. 5, pp. 299–300
-
Franklin, Autobiography, 1895, [1790], pp. 6, 51, 83, 214
-
Brands, 2000, p. 8
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 10, pp. 6–8
-
Jillson & Wilson, 1994, p. 77
-
Morris, 1965, p. xiii
-
Ferling, 2014, pp. xx, 4, 89, 155
-
Brands, 2000, pp. 639, 710
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 13, pp. 219–223
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 17, pp. 88–89
-
"Hamilton, Alexander"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000101 -
"Monroe, James"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000858 -
Cogliano, 2006, p. 19
-
"John Blair, Jr"
https://supremecourthistory.org/associate-justices/john-blair-jr-1790-1796/ -
"James McClurg, Virginia"
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-virginia -
"Mercer, James Francis"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000645 -
"Biographies of the Secretaries of State: Edmund Jennings Randolph (1753–1813)"
https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/randolph-edmund-jennings -
"John Jay, 1789–1795"
https://supremecourthistory.org/chief-justices/john-jay-1789-1795/ -
"Livingston, Robert R."
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000372 -
"Morris, Gouverneur"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000976 -
"Adams, John"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000039 -
"Adams, Samuel"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000045 -
"Dana, Francis"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000021 -
"Ellery, William"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000115 -
"Gerry, Elbridge"
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-massachusetts -
"Hancock, John"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000149 -
"Hooper, William"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000766 -
"Johnson, William Samuel"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/J000182 -
"Rufus King, Massachusetts"
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-massachusetts -
"Lovell, James"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000463 -
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
https://www.jstor.org/stable/25129842 -
"Strong, Caleb"
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-massachusetts -
"Recalling Joseph Warren–Physician, Revolutionary, Leader"
https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/forman-joseph-warren-book/ -
"Wentworth, John, Jr"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000039 -
"Williams, William"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000546 -
"Princeton Undergraduate Alumni Index, 1748–1920"
https://library.princeton.edu/mudd-dbs/alumni -
"Bedford, Gunning, Jr"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000300 -
"William Richardson Davie, North Carolina"
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-north-carolina -
"Jonathan Dayton, New Jersey"
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-new-jersey -
"Ellsworth, Oliver"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/E000147 -
"Hewes, Joseph"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000551 -
"Houstoun, William"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000832 -
"Hutson, Richard"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H001017 -
"Madison, James"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000043 -
"Martin, Alexander"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000166 -
"Luther Martin, Maryland"
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-maryland -
"William Paterson, New Jersey"
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-new-jersey -
"Reed, Joseph"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000123 -
"Rush, Benjamin"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000514 -
"Scudder, Nathaniel"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000201 -
"Smith, Jonathan Bayard"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000578 -
"Stockton, Richard"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S00094 -
"Hopkinson, Francis"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000783 -
"Marchant, Henry"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000125 -
"Mifflin, Thomas"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000701 -
"Paca, William"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/P000001 -
"Williamson, Hugh"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000551 -
"Adams, Andrew"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/A000029 -
"Baldwin, Abraham"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000084 -
"Hall, Lyman"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000061 -
"Hosmer, Titus"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000804 -
"Ingersoll, Jared"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/I000018 -
"Livingston, Philip"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000369 -
"Livingston, William"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000374 -
"Morris, Lewis"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000982 -
"Wolcott, Oliver"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000670 -
The North Carolina Review, p. 280
-
The North Carolina Review, p. 278
-
"Banister, John"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000109 -
"John Blair, Virginia"
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/founding-fathers-virginia#blair -
"Dickinson, John"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/D000321 -
The North Carolina Review, p. 279
-
"Matthews, John"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000238 -
"Randolph, Peyton"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/R000049 -
The North Carolina Review, p. 286
-
"Nelson, Thomas Jr"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/N000044 -
University of Pennsylvania, Archives and Records Center
https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-people/biography/benjamin-rush/ -
"Witherspoon, John"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000660 -
Concise Vol. 1, 1997, p. 285
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 5, pp. 486–487
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 7, pp. 65–66
-
Concise Vol. 1, 1997, p. 884
-
Concise Vol. 2, 1997, p. 951
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 3, pp. 364–365
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 6, p. 444
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 18, pp. 324–325
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 14, p. 293
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 17, pp. 283–284
-
"Taylor, George"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000076 -
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 18, p. 481
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 18, pp. 503–504
-
Concise Vol. 2, 1997, p. 1281
-
Concise Vol. 2, 1997, p. 1456
-
Concise Vol. 2, 1997, p. 1473
-
"Lewis, Francis"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/L000282 -
Chernow, 2004, p. 17
-
Dictionary of American biography, 1932, v. 14, p. 646
-
"Bartlett, Josiah"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B000206 -
"Holten, Samuel"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/H000750 -
"McHenry, James"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000469 -
"Thornton, Matthew"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/T000242 -
"Witherspoon, John"
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/W000660 -
Chernow, 2010, pp. 18–19
-
Isaacson, 2004, pp. 127–128, 176, 206–209, 291, 325, 382
-
American Experience
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography-benjamin-franklin/ -
"A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Sweden"
https://history.state.gov/countries/sweden# -
"Gov. Benjamin Franklin"
https://www.nga.org/governor/benjamin-franklin/ -
Lambert, 2003, p. [page needed]
-
Onuf, 2007, pp. 139–168
-
Letter to Horatio G. Spafford, March 17, 1814. "In every country and in every age, the priest has been hostile to libert
-
Shehat, 2015, pp 1–2.
-
Playbill
http://www.playbill.com/article/tony-time-its-broadways-biggest-night -
Gelfand, 1969, pp. 7–8
-
Gelfand, 1969, p. 34, 37
-
Cogliano, 2006, pp. 46, 56, 110
-
Meacham, 2012, p. 123
-
Cogliano, 2006, pp. 151, 153
-
see Library of Congress, "Religion and the Founding of the American Republic" (2023) [1]
https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/rel06.html#:~:text=Prohibition%20of%20Religious%20Tests,full%20Convention%20on%20August%2030.online -
Steven Waldman, Founding Faith: How Our Founding Fathers Forged a Radical New Approach to Religious Liberty (Random Hous
-
Lambert, 2003, p. 260
-
Gordon-Reed, 2000, pp. 171–182
-
The Economist
https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2011/07/founders-and-slavery -
The Selected Papers of John Jay
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/libraries/inside/dev/jay/JaySlavery.html -
"(1776) The Deleted Passage of the Declaration of Independence •"
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/declaration-independence-and-debate-over-slavery/ -
Notes on the history of slavery in Massachusetts, by George Henry Moore (author)
https://archive.org/details/notesonhistory00moorrich -
James A. Rawley and Stephen D. Behrendt, The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A History (2008)
https://books.google.com/books?id=UQcOo4csdzEC&pg=PA271 -
Thomas N. Ingersoll, The Loyalist Problem in Revolutionary New England (2016)
https://books.google.com/books?id=qwdQDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA228 -
Dolbeare, 2010, p. 44
-
Wright, 2002
-
New York Journal of American History
http://www.alexanderhamiltonexhibition.org/about/teachers.html -
"Alexander Hamilton's Exaggerated Abolitionism"
http://historynewsnetwork.org/blog/153639 -
Serfilippi, 2020, pp. 1–3
-
Encyclopædia Britannica
https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Founding-Fathers-and-Slavery-1269536 -
"Slavery and Justice: Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice"
https://www.brown.edu/Research/Slavery_Justice/documents/SlaveryAndJustice.pdf -
Freehling, 1972, p. 85
-
Cambridge History of Law, 2008, p. 278
-
Jeffrey K. Tulis and Nicole Mellow, Legacies of losing in American politics (U of Chicago Press, 2018), p. 2. -
-
Eric Foner, The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution (2020) excerpt
https://www.amazon.com/Second-Founding-Reconstruction-Remade-Constitution/dp/0393358526/ -
Ilan Wurman, The Second Founding: An Introduction to the Fourteenth Amendment ( 2020) excerpt
https://www.amazon.com/Second-Founding-Introduction-Fourteenth-Amendment/dp/1108843158/ -
See also Garrett Epps, "Second Founding: The Story of the Fourteenth Amendment". Oregon Law Review 85 (2006) pp: 895–91
https://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1239&context=all_fac -
David Hackett Fischer, African Founders: How Enslaved People Expanded American Ideals (Simon and Schuster, 2022) pp 1–3.
https://www.amazon.com/African-Founders-Enslaved-Expanded-American/dp/1982145099/ -
David W. Blight, Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (Simon and Schuster, 2018) p. xv; winner of Pulitzer Prize; exce
https://www.amazon.com/Frederick-Douglass-David-W-Blight/dp/1416590323/ -
The Radical Republicans Lincoln's Vanguard for Racial Justice
https://archive.org/details/radicalrepublica0000tref/page/n11/mode/2up -
The Bill of the Century: The Epic Battle for the Civil Rights Act
https://archive.org/details/billofcenturyepi0000rise/page/2/mode/2up -
Shaffer, 2017, Preface: ISBN 978-1351477000
-
Murison, 2013, pp. 821–823
-
Grafton, 1990, pp. inside cover, 5, 35, 118
-
The William and Mary Quarterly
https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1923354 -
Cunningham, 1988: ISBN 978-0813911823
-
Hart (ed.), 1904–1918
-
Cooney, 1967 Master of Arts Thesis
-
Bernstein, 2009, p. 180
-
In the Name of the Father: Washington's Legacy: Slavery and the Making of a Nation
https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/66527258 -
Appleton's American Biography, v. 6, p. 579
-
Ferling, 2007, p. 654
-
McCullough, 2001, 751 pages
-
Webster's First Bunker Hill Oration
https://archive.org/details/danielwebstersfi01webs/page/24/mode/2up