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Foreign relations of the United States

Updated: Wikipedia source

Foreign relations of the United States

The United States has formal diplomatic relations with most nations. This includes all United Nations members and observer states other than Bhutan, Iran and North Korea, and the UN observer Territory of Palestine. Additionally, the U.S. has diplomatic relations with Kosovo and the European Union. The United States federal statutes relating to foreign relations can be found in Title 22 of the United States Code. The United States has the second-most diplomatic posts of any state, after China.

Tables

· Diplomatic relations
1
1
#
1
Country
France
Date
6 August 1778
2
2
#
2
Country
Netherlands
Date
19 April 1782
3
3
#
3
Country
Spain
Date
20 February 1783
4
4
#
4
Country
United Kingdom
Date
1 June 1785
5
5
#
5
Country
Portugal
Date
13 May 1791
6
6
#
6
Country
Denmark
Date
12 October 1801
7
7
#
7
Country
Russia
Date
14 July 1809
8
8
#
8
Country
Sweden
Date
29 April 1818
9
9
#
9
Country
Colombia
Date
19 June 1822
10
10
#
10
Country
Mexico
Date
12 December 1822
11
11
#
11
Country
Argentina
Date
27 December 1823
12
12
#
12
Country
Chile
Date
23 April 1824
13
13
#
13
Country
Brazil
Date
26 May 1824
14
14
#
14
Country
Guatemala
Date
4 August 1824
15
15
#
15
Country
Peru
Date
21 May 1827
16
16
#
16
Country
Belgium
Date
18 June 1832
—
—
#
—
Country
Venezuela (suspended)
Date
30 June 1835
18
18
#
18
Country
Ecuador
Date
12 August 1848
19
19
#
19
Country
Bolivia
Date
3 January 1849
20
20
#
20
Country
Nicaragua
Date
24 December 1849
21
21
#
21
Country
Costa Rica
Date
24 March 1851
22
22
#
22
Country
Honduras
Date
19 April 1853
23
23
#
23
Country
Switzerland
Date
29 June 1853
24
24
#
24
Country
Japan
Date
29 July 1858
25
25
#
25
Country
Italy
Date
11 April 1861
26
26
#
26
Country
Paraguay
Date
26 November 1861
27
27
#
27
Country
Haiti
Date
1 October 1862
28
28
#
28
Country
El Salvador
Date
15 June 1863
29
29
#
29
Country
Liberia
Date
23 February 1864
30
30
#
30
Country
Uruguay
Date
2 October 1867
31
31
#
31
Country
Greece
Date
16 June 1868
32
32
#
32
Country
Romania
Date
11 June 1880
33
33
#
33
Country
Thailand
Date
23 October 1882
34
34
#
34
Country
Serbia
Date
10 November 1882
—
—
#
—
Country
Iran (severed)
Date
11 June 1883
35
35
#
35
Country
Dominican Republic
Date
26 March 1884
36
36
#
36
Country
Cuba
Date
27 May 1902
37
37
#
37
Country
Luxembourg
Date
17 July 1903
38
38
#
38
Country
Bulgaria
Date
19 September 1903
39
39
#
39
Country
Panama
Date
13 November 1903
40
40
#
40
Country
Ethiopia
Date
27 December 1903
41
41
#
41
Country
Norway
Date
30 October 1905
42
42
#
42
Country
Poland
Date
2 May 1919
43
43
#
43
Country
Finland
Date
27 May 1919
44
44
#
44
Country
Czech Republic
Date
11 June 1919
45
45
#
45
Country
Austria
Date
8 November 1921
46
46
#
46
Country
Hungary
Date
17 December 1921
47
47
#
47
Country
Egypt
Date
26 April 1922
48
48
#
48
Country
Albania
Date
4 December 1922
49
49
#
49
Country
Ireland
Date
7 October 1924
50
50
#
50
Country
Turkey
Date
17 February 1927
51
51
#
51
Country
Canada
Date
18 February 1927
52
52
#
52
Country
South Africa
Date
5 November 1929
53
53
#
53
Country
Iraq
Date
30 March 1931
54
54
#
54
Country
Afghanistan
Date
4 May 1935
55
55
#
55
Country
Australia
Date
8 January 1940
56
56
#
56
Country
Saudi Arabia
Date
4 February 1940
57
57
#
57
Country
Iceland
Date
30 September 1941
58
58
#
58
Country
New Zealand
Date
16 February 1942
59
59
#
59
Country
Lebanon
Date
16 November 1944
60
60
#
60
Country
Syria
Date
17 November 1944
61
61
#
61
Country
Yemen
Date
4 March 1946
62
62
#
62
Country
Philippines
Date
4 July 1946
63
63
#
63
Country
India
Date
1 November 1946
64
64
#
64
Country
Pakistan
Date
15 August 1947
65
65
#
65
Country
Myanmar
Date
18 September 1947
66
66
#
66
Country
Nepal
Date
16 February 1948
67
67
#
67
Country
Sri Lanka
Date
29 October 1948
68
68
#
68
Country
Jordan
Date
18 February 1949
69
69
#
69
Country
South Korea
Date
25 March 1949
70
70
#
70
Country
Israel
Date
28 March 1949
71
71
#
71
Country
Indonesia
Date
28 December 1949
72
72
#
72
Country
Cambodia
Date
11 July 1950
73
73
#
73
Country
Laos
Date
29 July 1950
74
74
#
74
Country
Germany
Date
2 July 1951
75
75
#
75
Country
Libya
Date
24 December 1951
76
76
#
76
Country
Sudan
Date
15 February 1956
77
77
#
77
Country
Tunisia
Date
6 June 1956
78
78
#
78
Country
Morocco
Date
11 June 1956
79
79
#
79
Country
Ghana
Date
6 March 1957
80
80
#
80
Country
Malaysia
Date
31 August 1957
81
81
#
81
Country
Guinea
Date
13 February 1959
82
82
#
82
Country
Cameroon
Date
1 January 1960
83
83
#
83
Country
Togo
Date
27 April 1960
84
84
#
84
Country
Mali
Date
20 June 1960
85
85
#
85
Country
Madagascar
Date
25 June 1960
86
86
#
86
Country
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Date
30 June 1960
87
87
#
87
Country
Somalia
Date
1 July 1960
88
88
#
88
Country
Benin
Date
1 August 1960
89
89
#
89
Country
Niger
Date
3 August 1960
90
90
#
90
Country
Burkina Faso
Date
5 August 1960
91
91
#
91
Country
Ivory Coast
Date
7 August 1960
92
92
#
92
Country
Chad
Date
11 August 1960
93
93
#
93
Country
Central African Republic
Date
13 August 1960
94
94
#
94
Country
Republic of the Congo
Date
15 August 1960
95
95
#
95
Country
Cyprus
Date
16 August 1960
96
96
#
96
Country
Gabon
Date
17 August 1960
97
97
#
97
Country
Senegal
Date
24 September 1960
98
98
#
98
Country
Nigeria
Date
1 October 1960
99
99
#
99
Country
Mauritania
Date
28 November 1960
100
100
#
100
Country
Sierra Leone
Date
27 April 1961
101
101
#
101
Country
Kuwait
Date
22 September 1961
102
102
#
102
Country
Tanzania
Date
9 December 1961
103
103
#
103
Country
Burundi
Date
1 July 1962
104
104
#
104
Country
Rwanda
Date
1 July 1962
105
105
#
105
Country
Jamaica
Date
16 August 1962
106
106
#
106
Country
Trinidad and Tobago
Date
31 August 1962
107
107
#
107
Country
Algeria
Date
29 September 1962
108
108
#
108
Country
Uganda
Date
9 October 1962
109
109
#
109
Country
Kenya
Date
2 March 1964
110
110
#
110
Country
Malawi
Date
6 July 1964
111
111
#
111
Country
Malta
Date
21 September 1964
112
112
#
112
Country
Zambia
Date
24 October 1964
113
113
#
113
Country
Gambia
Date
9 August 1965
114
114
#
114
Country
Singapore
Date
4 April 1966
115
115
#
115
Country
Maldives
Date
9 April 1966
116
116
#
116
Country
Guyana
Date
26 May 1966
117
117
#
117
Country
Botswana
Date
30 September 1966
118
118
#
118
Country
Lesotho
Date
4 October 1966
119
119
#
119
Country
Barbados
Date
30 November 1966
120
120
#
120
Country
Mauritius
Date
12 March 1968
121
121
#
121
Country
Eswatini
Date
6 September 1968
122
122
#
122
Country
Equatorial Guinea
Date
21 November 1968
123
123
#
123
Country
Samoa
Date
14 July 1971
124
124
#
124
Country
Fiji
Date
22 July 1971
125
125
#
125
Country
Bahrain
Date
21 September 1971
126
126
#
126
Country
Qatar
Date
19 March 1972
127
127
#
127
Country
United Arab Emirates
Date
20 March 1972
128
128
#
128
Country
Oman
Date
17 April 1972
129
129
#
129
Country
Bangladesh
Date
18 May 1972
130
130
#
130
Country
Tonga
Date
6 November 1972
131
131
#
131
Country
Bahamas
Date
10 July 1973
132
132
#
132
Country
Grenada
Date
29 November 1974
133
133
#
133
Country
Cape Verde
Date
19 July 1975
134
134
#
134
Country
Guinea-Bissau
Date
3 September 1975
135
135
#
135
Country
Papua New Guinea
Date
16 September 1975
136
136
#
136
Country
Mozambique
Date
23 September 1975
137
137
#
137
Country
São Tomé and Príncipe
Date
10 October 1975
138
138
#
138
Country
Suriname
Date
25 November 1975
139
139
#
139
Country
Seychelles
Date
1 July 1976
140
140
#
140
Country
Nauru
Date
24 October 1976
141
141
#
141
Country
Djibouti
Date
27 June 1977
142
142
#
142
Country
Comoros
Date
15 August 1977
143
143
#
143
Country
Solomon Islands
Date
9 October 1978
144
144
#
144
Country
China
Date
1 January 1979
145
145
#
145
Country
Tuvalu
Date
10 May 1979
146
146
#
146
Country
Saint Lucia
Date
11 June 1979
147
147
#
147
Country
Dominica
Date
18 July 1979
148
148
#
148
Country
Zimbabwe
Date
18 April 1980
149
149
#
149
Country
Kiribati
Date
12 August 1980
150
150
#
150
Country
Belize
Date
29 October 1981
151
151
#
151
Country
Antigua and Barbuda
Date
1 November 1981
152
152
#
152
Country
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Date
8 December 1981
153
153
#
153
Country
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Date
20 September 1983
–
–
#
–
Country
Holy See
Date
10 January 1984
154
154
#
154
Country
Brunei
Date
10 March 1984
155
155
#
155
Country
Vanuatu
Date
30 September 1986
156
156
#
156
Country
Federated States of Micronesia
Date
3 November 1986
157
157
#
157
Country
Mongolia
Date
27 January 1987
158
158
#
158
Country
Marshall Islands
Date
26 July 1989
159
159
#
159
Country
Namibia
Date
21 March 1990
160
160
#
160
Country
Estonia
Date
4 September 1991
161
161
#
161
Country
Latvia
Date
5 September 1991
162
162
#
162
Country
Lithuania
Date
6 September 1991
163
163
#
163
Country
Armenia
Date
25 December 1991
164
164
#
164
Country
Belarus
Date
25 December 1991
165
165
#
165
Country
Kazakhstan
Date
25 December 1991
166
166
#
166
Country
Kyrgyzstan
Date
25 December 1991
167
167
#
167
Country
Ukraine
Date
25 December 1991
168
168
#
168
Country
Moldova
Date
18 February 1992
169
169
#
169
Country
Azerbaijan
Date
19 February 1992
170
170
#
170
Country
Tajikistan
Date
19 February 1992
171
171
#
171
Country
Turkmenistan
Date
19 February 1992
172
172
#
172
Country
Uzbekistan
Date
19 February 1992
173
173
#
173
Country
Georgia
Date
24 March 1992
174
174
#
174
Country
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Date
6 August 1992
175
175
#
175
Country
Croatia
Date
6 August 1992
176
176
#
176
Country
Slovenia
Date
6 August 1992
177
177
#
177
Country
Slovakia
Date
4 January 1993
178
178
#
178
Country
Eritrea
Date
11 June 1993
179
179
#
179
Country
Angola
Date
14 July 1994
180
180
#
180
Country
Andorra
Date
21 February 1995
181
181
#
181
Country
Vietnam
Date
11 July 1995
182
182
#
182
Country
North Macedonia
Date
13 September 1995
183
183
#
183
Country
Palau
Date
6 December 1996
184
184
#
184
Country
Liechtenstein
Date
10 February 1997
185
185
#
185
Country
Timor-Leste
Date
20 May 2002
186
186
#
186
Country
Montenegro
Date
15 August 2006
187
187
#
187
Country
San Marino
Date
22 November 2006
188
188
#
188
Country
Monaco
Date
8 December 2006
–
–
#
–
Country
Kosovo
Date
18 February 2008
189
189
#
189
Country
South Sudan
Date
9 July 2011
–
–
#
–
Country
Cook Islands
Date
25 September 2023
–
–
#
–
Country
Niue
Date
25 September 2023
#
Country
Date
1
France
6 August 1778
2
Netherlands
19 April 1782
3
Spain
20 February 1783
4
United Kingdom
1 June 1785
5
Portugal
13 May 1791
6
Denmark
12 October 1801
7
Russia
14 July 1809
8
Sweden
29 April 1818
9
Colombia
19 June 1822
10
Mexico
12 December 1822
11
Argentina
27 December 1823
12
Chile
23 April 1824
13
Brazil
26 May 1824
14
Guatemala
4 August 1824
15
Peru
21 May 1827
16
Belgium
18 June 1832
—
Venezuela (suspended)
30 June 1835
18
Ecuador
12 August 1848
19
Bolivia
3 January 1849
20
Nicaragua
24 December 1849
21
Costa Rica
24 March 1851
22
Honduras
19 April 1853
23
Switzerland
29 June 1853
24
Japan
29 July 1858
25
Italy
11 April 1861
26
Paraguay
26 November 1861
27
Haiti
1 October 1862
28
El Salvador
15 June 1863
29
Liberia
23 February 1864
30
Uruguay
2 October 1867
31
Greece
16 June 1868
32
Romania
11 June 1880
33
Thailand
23 October 1882
34
Serbia
10 November 1882
—
Iran (severed)
11 June 1883
35
Dominican Republic
26 March 1884
36
Cuba
27 May 1902
37
Luxembourg
17 July 1903
38
Bulgaria
19 September 1903
39
Panama
13 November 1903
40
Ethiopia
27 December 1903
41
Norway
30 October 1905
42
Poland
2 May 1919
43
Finland
27 May 1919
44
Czech Republic
11 June 1919
45
Austria
8 November 1921
46
Hungary
17 December 1921
47
Egypt
26 April 1922
48
Albania
4 December 1922
· Bilateral relations › Americas
Argentina
Argentina
Country
Argentina
Formal relations began
1823
Notes
See Argentina–United States relationsArgentina was integrated into the British international economy in the late 19th century; there was minimal trade with the United States. When the United States began promoting the Pan American Union, some Argentines were suspicious that it was indeed a device to lure the country into the U.S. economic orbit, but most businessmen responded favorably and bilateral trade grew briskly. The United States has a positive bilateral relationship with Argentina based on many common strategic interests, including non-proliferation, counternarcotics, counter-terrorism, the fight against human trafficking, and issues of regional stability, as well as the strength of commercial ties. Argentina is a participant in the Three-Plus-One regional mechanism (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and the United States), which focuses on coordination of counter-terrorism policies in the tri-border region. Argentina has endorsed the Proliferation Security Initiative, and has implemented the Container Security Initiative and the Trade Transparency Unit, both of which are programs administered by the US Department of Homeland Security/Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
Belize
Belize
Country
Belize
Formal relations began
1981
Notes
See Belize–United States relations
Bolivia
Bolivia
Country
Bolivia
Formal relations began
1849
Notes
See Bolivia–United States relationsThe United States and Bolivia have had a tradition of cordial and cooperative relations. Development assistance from the United States to Bolivia dates from the 1940s, and the United States remains a major partner for economic development, improved health, democracy, and the environment. In 1991, the U.S. government forgave all of the $341 million debt owed by Bolivia to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) as well as 80% ($31 million) of the amount owed to the United States Department of Agriculture for food assistance. The United States has also been a strong supporter of forgiveness of Bolivia's multilateral debt under the HIPC initiatives.
Brazil
Brazil
Country
Brazil
Formal relations began
1824
Notes
See Brazil–United States relationsThe United States was the second country to recognize the independence of Brazil, doing so in 1824. Brazil-United States relations have a long history, characterized by some moments of remarkable convergence of interests but also by sporadic and critical divergences on sensitive international issues. The United States has increasingly regarded Brazil as a significant power, especially in its role as a stabilizing force and skillful interlocutor in Latin America. As a significant political and economic power, Brazil has traditionally preferred to cooperate with the United States on specific issues rather than seeking to develop an all-encompassing, privileged relationship with the United States.
Canada
Canada
Country
Canada
Formal relations began
1926
Notes
See Canada–United States relationsRelations between Canada and the United States span more than two centuries, marked by a shared British colonial heritage, conflict during the early years of the US, and the eventual development of one of the most successful international relationships in the modern world. The most serious breach in the relationship was the War of 1812, which saw an American invasion of then British North America and counter invasions from British-Canadian forces. The border was demilitarized after the war and, apart from minor raids, has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during the World Wars and continued throughout the Cold War, despite Canadian doubts about certain American policies. A high volume of trade and migration between the United States and Canada has generated closer ties. The current bilateral relationship between Canada and the United States is of notable importance to both countries. About 75–85% of Canadian trade is with the United States, and Canada is the United States' largest trading partner and chief supplier of oil. While there are disputed issues between the two nations, relations are close and the two countries share the "world's longest undefended border". A high volume of trade and migration between the United States and Canada since the 1850s has generated closer ties, despite continued Canadian fears of being culturally overwhelmed by its neighbor, which is nine times larger in terms of population and eleven times larger in terms of economy. The two economies have increasingly merged since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994, which also includes Mexico. This economic merger of these two countries was shifted when the Trump era United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) was ratified.
Chile
Chile
Country
Chile
Formal relations began
1824
Notes
See Chile–United States relationsRelations between Chile and the United States have been better in the period 1988 to 2008 than any other time in history. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the United States government applauded the rebirth of democratic practices in Chile, Regarded as one of the least corrupt and most vibrant democracies in South America, with a healthy economy, Chile is noted as being a valuable ally of the United States in the Southern Hemisphere. A prime example of cooperation includes the landmark 2003 Chile–United States Free Trade Agreement.
Colombia
Colombia
Country
Colombia
Formal relations began
1822
Notes
See Colombia–United States relationsRelations between Colombia and the United States have evolved from mutual cordiality during most of the 19th and early 20th centuries to a recent partnership that links the governments of both nations around several key issues, including fighting communism, the War on Drugs, and especially since 9/11, the threat of terrorism. During the last fifty years, different American governments and their representatives have become involved in Colombian affairs through the implementation of policies concerned with the above issues. Some critics of current United States policies in Colombia, such as Law Professor John Barry, consider that US influences have catalyzed internal conflicts and substantially expanded the scope and nature of human rights abuses in Colombia. Supporters, such as Under Secretary of State Marc Grossman, consider that the US has promoted respect for human rights and the rule of law in Colombia, in addition to the fight against drugs and terrorism.
Costa Rica
Costa Rica
Country
Costa Rica
Formal relations began
1851
Notes
See Costa Rica–United States relations
Ecuador
Ecuador
Country
Ecuador
Formal relations began
1832
Notes
See Ecuador–United States relations
El Salvador
El Salvador
Country
El Salvador
Formal relations began
1824; 1849
Notes
See El Salvador–United States relations
Guatemala
Guatemala
Country
Guatemala
Formal relations began
1824; 1844
Notes
See Guatemala–United States relations
Guyana
Guyana
Country
Guyana
Formal relations began
1966
Notes
See Guyana–United States relations
Honduras
Honduras
Country
Honduras
Formal relations began
1824; 1853
Notes
See Honduras–United States relationsHonduras and the United States have had formal relations since 1830. There is close cooperation between the two countries, particularly in the areas of the War on Drugs, while the National Port Authority in Puerto Cortés is part of the U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection's Container Security Initiative.
Mexico
Mexico
Country
Mexico
Formal relations began
1822
Notes
See Mexico–United States relationsThe United States shares a unique and often complex relationship with the United Mexican States. A history of armed conflict goes back to the Texas Revolution in the 1830s, the Mexican–American War in the 1840s, and an American invasion in the 1910s. Important treaties include the Gadsden Purchase, and multilaterally with Canada, the North American Free Trade Agreement which was changed in the Trump era to the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement. The two countries have close economic ties, being each other's first and third largest trading partners. They are also closely connected demographically, with over one million U.S. citizens living in Mexico and Mexico being the largest source of immigrants to the United States. Illegal immigration and illegal trade in drugs and firearms have been causes of differences but also of cooperation.
Panama
Panama
Country
Panama
Formal relations began
1903
Notes
See Panama–United States relationsPanama gained its independence in 1901 due in part to American interest in building the Panama Canal. Relations have been generally strong, with 25,000 U.S. citizens present in Panama and a mutual healthcare program. The United States invaded Panama in 1989 to remove then Panamanian leader Manual Noriega.
Paraguay
Paraguay
Country
Paraguay
Formal relations began
1852
Notes
See Paraguay–United States relations
Peru
Peru
Country
Peru
Formal relations began
1826
Notes
See Peru–United States relations
Suriname
Suriname
Country
Suriname
Formal relations began
1975
Notes
See Suriname–United States relations
Uruguay
Uruguay
Country
Uruguay
Formal relations began
1836
Notes
See Uruguay–United States relationsIn 2002, Uruguay and the United States created a Joint Commission on Trade and Investment (JCTI) to exchange ideas on a variety of economic topics. In March 2003, the JCTI identified six areas of concentration until the eventual signing of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA): customs issues, intellectual property protection, investment, labor, environment, and trade in goods. In late 2004, Uruguay and the United States signed an Open Skies Agreement, which was ratified in May 2006. In November 2005, they signed a Bilateral investment treaty (BIT), which entered into force on November 1, 2006. A Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) was signed in January 2007. More than 80 US-owned companies operate in Uruguay, and many more market US goods and services.
Venezuela
Venezuela
Country
Venezuela
Formal relations began
1835
Notes
See Venezuela-United States relations and Venezuelan presidential crisisBoth countries maintained mutual diplomatic relationships since the early-19th century traditionally been characterized by an important trade and investment relationship and cooperation in controlling the production and transit of illegal drugs. Relations were strong under democratic governments in Venezuela, such as those of Carlos Andrés Pérez and Rafael Caldera. After the election of Presidents Hugo Chávez of Venezuela and George W. Bush of the United States, tensions between the countries escalated, reaching a high in September 2008 when Venezuela broke off diplomatic relations with the United States. In January 2019, after US President Donald Trump recognized Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela, President Nicolás Maduro cut all diplomatic ties to the United States.
Country
Formal relations began
Notes
Argentina
1823
See Argentina–United States relationsArgentina was integrated into the British international economy in the late 19th century; there was minimal trade with the United States. When the United States began promoting the Pan American Union, some Argentines were suspicious that it was indeed a device to lure the country into the U.S. economic orbit, but most businessmen responded favorably and bilateral trade grew briskly. The United States has a positive bilateral relationship with Argentina based on many common strategic interests, including non-proliferation, counternarcotics, counter-terrorism, the fight against human trafficking, and issues of regional stability, as well as the strength of commercial ties. Argentina is a participant in the Three-Plus-One regional mechanism (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and the United States), which focuses on coordination of counter-terrorism policies in the tri-border region. Argentina has endorsed the Proliferation Security Initiative, and has implemented the Container Security Initiative and the Trade Transparency Unit, both of which are programs administered by the US Department of Homeland Security/Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
Belize
1981
See Belize–United States relations
Bolivia
1849
See Bolivia–United States relationsThe United States and Bolivia have had a tradition of cordial and cooperative relations. Development assistance from the United States to Bolivia dates from the 1940s, and the United States remains a major partner for economic development, improved health, democracy, and the environment. In 1991, the U.S. government forgave all of the $341 million debt owed by Bolivia to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) as well as 80% ($31 million) of the amount owed to the United States Department of Agriculture for food assistance. The United States has also been a strong supporter of forgiveness of Bolivia's multilateral debt under the HIPC initiatives.
Brazil
1824
See Brazil–United States relationsThe United States was the second country to recognize the independence of Brazil, doing so in 1824. Brazil-United States relations have a long history, characterized by some moments of remarkable convergence of interests but also by sporadic and critical divergences on sensitive international issues. The United States has increasingly regarded Brazil as a significant power, especially in its role as a stabilizing force and skillful interlocutor in Latin America. As a significant political and economic power, Brazil has traditionally preferred to cooperate with the United States on specific issues rather than seeking to develop an all-encompassing, privileged relationship with the United States.
Canada
1926
See Canada–United States relationsRelations between Canada and the United States span more than two centuries, marked by a shared British colonial heritage, conflict during the early years of the US, and the eventual development of one of the most successful international relationships in the modern world. The most serious breach in the relationship was the War of 1812, which saw an American invasion of then British North America and counter invasions from British-Canadian forces. The border was demilitarized after the war and, apart from minor raids, has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during the World Wars and continued throughout the Cold War, despite Canadian doubts about certain American policies. A high volume of trade and migration between the United States and Canada has generated closer ties. The current bilateral relationship between Canada and the United States is of notable importance to both countries. About 75–85% of Canadian trade is with the United States, and Canada is the United States' largest trading partner and chief supplier of oil. While there are disputed issues between the two nations, relations are close and the two countries share the "world's longest undefended border". A high volume of trade and migration between the United States and Canada since the 1850s has generated closer ties, despite continued Canadian fears of being culturally overwhelmed by its neighbor, which is nine times larger in terms of population and eleven times larger in terms of economy. The two economies have increasingly merged since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994, which also includes Mexico. This economic merger of these two countries was shifted when the Trump era United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) was ratified.
Chile
1824
See Chile–United States relationsRelations between Chile and the United States have been better in the period 1988 to 2008 than any other time in history. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the United States government applauded the rebirth of democratic practices in Chile, Regarded as one of the least corrupt and most vibrant democracies in South America, with a healthy economy, Chile is noted as being a valuable ally of the United States in the Southern Hemisphere. A prime example of cooperation includes the landmark 2003 Chile–United States Free Trade Agreement.
Colombia
1822
See Colombia–United States relationsRelations between Colombia and the United States have evolved from mutual cordiality during most of the 19th and early 20th centuries to a recent partnership that links the governments of both nations around several key issues, including fighting communism, the War on Drugs, and especially since 9/11, the threat of terrorism. During the last fifty years, different American governments and their representatives have become involved in Colombian affairs through the implementation of policies concerned with the above issues. Some critics of current United States policies in Colombia, such as Law Professor John Barry, consider that US influences have catalyzed internal conflicts and substantially expanded the scope and nature of human rights abuses in Colombia. Supporters, such as Under Secretary of State Marc Grossman, consider that the US has promoted respect for human rights and the rule of law in Colombia, in addition to the fight against drugs and terrorism.
Costa Rica
1851
See Costa Rica–United States relations
Ecuador
1832
See Ecuador–United States relations
El Salvador
1824; 1849
See El Salvador–United States relations
Guatemala
1824; 1844
See Guatemala–United States relations
Guyana
1966
See Guyana–United States relations
Honduras
1824; 1853
See Honduras–United States relationsHonduras and the United States have had formal relations since 1830. There is close cooperation between the two countries, particularly in the areas of the War on Drugs, while the National Port Authority in Puerto Cortés is part of the U.S. Bureau of Customs and Border Protection's Container Security Initiative.
Mexico
1822
See Mexico–United States relationsThe United States shares a unique and often complex relationship with the United Mexican States. A history of armed conflict goes back to the Texas Revolution in the 1830s, the Mexican–American War in the 1840s, and an American invasion in the 1910s. Important treaties include the Gadsden Purchase, and multilaterally with Canada, the North American Free Trade Agreement which was changed in the Trump era to the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement. The two countries have close economic ties, being each other's first and third largest trading partners. They are also closely connected demographically, with over one million U.S. citizens living in Mexico and Mexico being the largest source of immigrants to the United States. Illegal immigration and illegal trade in drugs and firearms have been causes of differences but also of cooperation.
Nicaragua
1824; 1849
See Nicaragua–United States relationsNicaragua and the United States have had diplomatic relations since 1824. Between 1912 and 1933, the United States occupied Nicaragua (see United States occupation of Nicaragua). Following the United States occupation of Nicaragua, in 1933 the Somoza family political dynasty came to power, and would rule Nicaragua until their ouster on July 19, 1979, during the Nicaraguan Revolution. The era of Somoza family rule was characterized by rising inequality and political corruption, strong U.S. support for the government and its military, as well as a reliance on U.S.-based multinational corporations. This led to international condemnation of the regime, and in 1977 the Carter administration cut off aid to the Somoza regime due to its human rights violations.Then during the Reagan administration the diplomatic relations escalated during the Iran-Contra affair and the United States embargo against Nicaragua. Then in 1990, after Violeta Chamorro won the 1990 Nicaraguan general election, the diplomatic relations began to improve greatly. The United States has promoted national reconciliation, encouraging Nicaraguans to resolve their problems through dialogue and compromise. In the Summer 2003 Nicaragua sent around 370 soldiers to the Iraq War as part of the coalition of countries that were engaging in war in this country. Immediately after April 2004 these troops were withdrawn by President Enrique Bolanos. Although President Daniel Ortega has been publicly critical of U.S. policies, the United States and Nicaragua have normal diplomatic relations.
Panama
1903
See Panama–United States relationsPanama gained its independence in 1901 due in part to American interest in building the Panama Canal. Relations have been generally strong, with 25,000 U.S. citizens present in Panama and a mutual healthcare program. The United States invaded Panama in 1989 to remove then Panamanian leader Manual Noriega.
Paraguay
1852
See Paraguay–United States relations
Peru
1826
See Peru–United States relations
Suriname
1975
See Suriname–United States relations
Uruguay
1836
See Uruguay–United States relationsIn 2002, Uruguay and the United States created a Joint Commission on Trade and Investment (JCTI) to exchange ideas on a variety of economic topics. In March 2003, the JCTI identified six areas of concentration until the eventual signing of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA): customs issues, intellectual property protection, investment, labor, environment, and trade in goods. In late 2004, Uruguay and the United States signed an Open Skies Agreement, which was ratified in May 2006. In November 2005, they signed a Bilateral investment treaty (BIT), which entered into force on November 1, 2006. A Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) was signed in January 2007. More than 80 US-owned companies operate in Uruguay, and many more market US goods and services.
Venezuela
1835
See Venezuela-United States relations and Venezuelan presidential crisisBoth countries maintained mutual diplomatic relationships since the early-19th century traditionally been characterized by an important trade and investment relationship and cooperation in controlling the production and transit of illegal drugs. Relations were strong under democratic governments in Venezuela, such as those of Carlos Andrés Pérez and Rafael Caldera. After the election of Presidents Hugo Chávez of Venezuela and George W. Bush of the United States, tensions between the countries escalated, reaching a high in September 2008 when Venezuela broke off diplomatic relations with the United States. In January 2019, after US President Donald Trump recognized Juan Guaidó as the Interim President of Venezuela, President Nicolás Maduro cut all diplomatic ties to the United States.
· Bilateral relations › Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda
Country
Antigua and Barbuda
Formal relations began
1981
Notes
See Antigua and Barbuda–United States relations
Aruba
Aruba
Country
Aruba
Notes
See Aruba–United States relations
Bahamas
Bahamas
Country
Bahamas
Formal relations began
1973
Notes
See The Bahamas–United States relations
Barbados
Barbados
Country
Barbados
Formal relations began
1966
Notes
See Barbados–United States relations
Bermuda
Bermuda
Country
Bermuda
Notes
See Bermuda–United States relations
Cayman Islands
Cayman Islands
Country
Cayman Islands
Notes
See Cayman Islands–United States relations
Cuba
Cuba
Country
Cuba
Formal relations began
1902; 2015
Notes
See Cuba–United States relationsFollowing the Cuban Revolution of 1959 relations had deteriorated substantially, and until recently have been marked by tension and confrontation. The United States has initiated an embargo due to the Cuban regime refusal to move toward democratization and greater respect for human rights, hoping to see democratization that took place in Eastern Europe. Maintaining friendly and close relationships between the United States and Cuba were formally re-established on July 20, 2015, with the opening of embassies in both Havana and Washington, D.C.
Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
Country
Dominican Republic
Formal relations began
1866
Notes
See Dominican Republic–United States relations
Dominica
Dominica
Country
Dominica
Formal relations began
1978
Notes
See Dominica–United States relations
Grenada
Grenada
Country
Grenada
Formal relations began
1974
Notes
See Grenada–United States relations
Haiti
Haiti
Country
Haiti
Formal relations began
1862
Notes
See Haiti–United States relations
Jamaica
Jamaica
Country
Jamaica
Formal relations began
1962
Notes
See Jamaica–United States relations
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Country
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Formal relations began
1983
Notes
See Saint Kitts and Nevis–United States relations
Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia
Country
Saint Lucia
Formal relations began
1979
Notes
See Saint Lucia–United States relations
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Country
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Formal relations began
1981
Notes
See Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–United States relations
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago
Country
Trinidad and Tobago
Formal relations began
1962
Notes
See Trinidad and Tobago–United States relations
Country
Formal relations began
Notes
Antigua and Barbuda
1981
See Antigua and Barbuda–United States relations
Aruba
See Aruba–United States relations
Bahamas
1973
See The Bahamas–United States relations
Barbados
1966
See Barbados–United States relations
Bermuda
See Bermuda–United States relations
Cayman Islands
See Cayman Islands–United States relations
Cuba
1902; 2015
See Cuba–United States relationsFollowing the Cuban Revolution of 1959 relations had deteriorated substantially, and until recently have been marked by tension and confrontation. The United States has initiated an embargo due to the Cuban regime refusal to move toward democratization and greater respect for human rights, hoping to see democratization that took place in Eastern Europe. Maintaining friendly and close relationships between the United States and Cuba were formally re-established on July 20, 2015, with the opening of embassies in both Havana and Washington, D.C.
Dominican Republic
1866
See Dominican Republic–United States relations
Dominica
1978
See Dominica–United States relations
Grenada
1974
See Grenada–United States relations
Haiti
1862
See Haiti–United States relations
Jamaica
1962
See Jamaica–United States relations
Saint Kitts and Nevis
1983
See Saint Kitts and Nevis–United States relations
Saint Lucia
1979
See Saint Lucia–United States relations
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1981
See Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–United States relations
Trinidad and Tobago
1962
See Trinidad and Tobago–United States relations
· Bilateral relations › Europe
Albania
Albania
Country
Albania
Formal relations began
1922
Notes
See Albania–United States relations
Andorra
Andorra
Country
Andorra
Formal relations began
1995
Notes
See Andorra–United States relations
Austria
Austria
Country
Austria
Formal relations began
1921
Notes
See Austria–United States relations
Belarus
Belarus
Country
Belarus
Formal relations began
1991
Notes
See Belarus–United States relationsThe United States has tense relations with Belarus relating to Belarus' human rights record and election irregularities.
Belgium
Belgium
Country
Belgium
Formal relations began
1832
Notes
See Belgium–United States relations
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Country
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Formal relations began
1992
Notes
See Bosnia and Herzegovina–United States relations
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Country
Bulgaria
Formal relations began
1903
Notes
See Bulgaria–United States relations
Croatia
Croatia
Country
Croatia
Formal relations began
1992
Notes
See Croatia–United States relations
Cyprus
Cyprus
Country
Cyprus
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Cyprus–United States relations
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
Country
Czech Republic
Formal relations began
1993
Notes
See Czech Republic–United States relations P20230222AS-0695 (52735381610)
Denmark
Denmark
Country
Denmark
Formal relations began
1801
Notes
See Denmark–United States relations
Estonia
Estonia
Country
Estonia
Formal relations began
1922; 1991
Notes
See Estonia–United States relations
Finland
Finland
Country
Finland
Formal relations began
1919
Notes
See Finland–United States relations Finland has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates-general in Los Angeles and New York City. the United States has an embassy in Helsinki. Both countries are members of the Arctic Council, OECD, OSCE, NATO and the United Nations. the United States fully supported Finland's application to join NATO, which resulted in membership on 4 April 2023.
France
France
Country
France
Formal relations began
1778
Notes
See France–United States relations France was the first foreign state to establish diplomatic relations with the United States.
Georgia
Georgia
Country
Georgia
Formal relations began
1992
Notes
See Georgia–United States relations
Germany
Germany
Country
Germany
Formal relations began
1797
Notes
See Germany–United States relations In the political sphere, Germany stands at the center of European Union affairs and plays a key leadership role as a member of the G-7, G-20, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The United States recognizes that the security and prosperity of the United States and Germany significantly depend on each other.
Greece
Greece
Country
Greece
Formal relations began
1868
Notes
See Greece–United States relations
Holy See
Holy See
Country
Holy See
Formal relations began
1984
Notes
See Holy See–United States relations
Hungary
Hungary
Country
Hungary
Formal relations began
1921
Notes
See Hungary–United States relations
Iceland
Iceland
Country
Iceland
Formal relations began
1944
Notes
See Iceland–United States relations
Ireland
Ireland
Country
Ireland
Formal relations began
1924
Notes
See Ireland–United States relations
Italy
Italy
Country
Italy
Formal relations began
1861
Notes
See Italy–United States relations
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Country
Kazakhstan
Formal relations began
1991
Notes
See Kazakhstan–United States relations
Kosovo
Kosovo
Country
Kosovo
Formal relations began
1999
Notes
See Kosovo–United States relationsThe United States was one of the first countries to recognize Kosovo. The UN Security Council divided on the question of Kosovo's declaration of independence. Kosovo declared its independence on February 17, 2008, whilst Serbia objected that Kosovo is part of its territory. Of the five members with veto power in the UN Security Council, the US, UK, and France recognized the declaration of independence, and China has expressed concern, while Russia considers it illegal. "In its declaration of independence, Kosovo committed itself to the highest standards of democracy, including freedom and tolerance and justice for citizens of all ethnic backgrounds", President George W. Bush said on February 19, 2008. Both countries enjoy excellent relationships.
Latvia
Latvia
Country
Latvia
Formal relations began
1922; 1991
Notes
See Latvia–United States relations
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
Country
Liechtenstein
Formal relations began
1997
Notes
See Liechtenstein–United States relations
Lithuania
Lithuania
Country
Lithuania
Formal relations began
1922; 1991
Notes
See Lithuania–United States relations
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Country
Luxembourg
Formal relations began
1903
Notes
See Luxembourg–United States relations
Malta
Malta
Country
Malta
Formal relations began
1964
Notes
See Malta–United States relations
Moldova
Moldova
Country
Moldova
Formal relations began
1992
Notes
See Moldova–United States relations
Monaco
Monaco
Country
Monaco
Formal relations began
2006
Notes
See Monaco–United States relations
Montenegro
Montenegro
Country
Montenegro
Formal relations began
1905; 2006
Notes
See Montenegro–United States relations
Netherlands
Netherlands
Country
Netherlands
Formal relations began
1781
Notes
See Netherlands–United States relationsThe Dutch colony of Sint Eustatius was the first foreign state to recognize the independence of the United States, doing so in 1776. However, the Dutch Republic neither authorized the recognition nor ratified it, therefore Morocco remains the first sovereign nation to officially recognize the United States. the Netherlands has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates-general in Atlanta, Chicago, Miami, New York City and San Francisco. the United States has an embassy in The Hague and consulates-general in Amsterdam and Willemstad, Curaçao. Both countries are members of NATO, OECD, OSCE and the United Nations.
North Macedonia
North Macedonia
Country
North Macedonia
Formal relations began
1995
Notes
See North Macedonia–United States relations
Norway
Norway
Country
Norway
Formal relations began
1905
Notes
See Norway–United States relations
Poland
Poland
Country
Poland
Formal relations began
1919
Notes
See Poland–United States relations
Portugal
Portugal
Country
Portugal
Formal relations began
1791
Notes
See Portugal–United States relations
Romania
Romania
Country
Romania
Formal relations began
1880
Notes
See Romania–United States relations
Russia
Russia
Country
Russia
Formal relations began
1809; 1991
Notes
See Russia–United States relations
San Marino
San Marino
Country
San Marino
Formal relations began
1861
Notes
See San Marino–United States relations
Serbia
Serbia
Country
Serbia
Formal relations began
1882; 2002
Notes
See Serbia–United States relations
Slovakia
Slovakia
Country
Slovakia
Formal relations began
1993
Notes
See Slovakia–United States relations
Slovenia
Slovenia
Country
Slovenia
Formal relations began
1992
Notes
See Slovenia–United States relations
Spain
Spain
Country
Spain
Formal relations began
1783
Notes
See Spain–United States relations
Sweden
Sweden
Country
Sweden
Formal relations began
1783
Notes
See Sweden–United States relations Sweden has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates-general in New York City and San Francisco. the United States has an embassy in Stockholm. Both countries are members of the Arctic Council, OECD, OSCE, NATO and the United Nations. the United States fully supported Sweden's application to join NATO, which resulted in membership on 7 March 2024.
Switzerland
Switzerland
Country
Switzerland
Formal relations began
1853
Notes
See Switzerland–United States relations
Turkey
Turkey
Country
Turkey
Formal relations began
1831
Notes
See Turkey–United States relations United States has an embassy in Ankara, a Consulate General in Istanbul and a Consulate in Adana. Turkey has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and Consulate Generals in Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami and New York City. Both countries are members of OECD, G20, NATO and WTO. There are direct flights from Istanbul to Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Washington, D.C. Following its NATO membership in 1952 and subsequent hosting of the United States Air Force in Incirlik Air Base, Turkey became the bulwark of NATO's southeastern flank, the directly bordering Warsaw Pact countries. Turkey participated with the United States during the Korean War of the early 1950s and the Gulf War of 1990.
Ukraine
Ukraine
Country
Ukraine
Formal relations began
1991
Notes
See Ukraine–United States relations
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Country
United Kingdom
Formal relations began
1783
Notes
See United Kingdom–United States relations The USA established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 1 June 1785. UK–US diplomatic relations is commonly described as the "Special Relationship". The United States maintains an embassy in London. The United Kingdom is accredited to the United States through its embassy in Washington, D.C. The UK governed the United States from 1585 to 1783, when the United States achieved full independence. Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact, AUKUS, Five Eyes, the G7, the G20, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the UKUSA Agreement, the UNSC P5, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilateral the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention, an Economic Prosperity Deal, and a Mutual Defence Agreement. Since World War II, the two countries have shared a Special Relationship as part of the Anglosphere. While both the United States and the United Kingdom maintain close relationships with many other nations around the world, the level of cooperation in military planning, execution of military operations, nuclear weapons technology, and intelligence sharing with each other has been described as "unparalleled" among major powers throughout the 20th and early 21st century. The United States and Britain share the world's largest foreign direct investment partnership. American investment in the United Kingdom reached $255.4 billion in 2002, while British direct investment in the United States totaled $283.3 billion.
European Union
European Union
Country
European Union
Notes
See United States–European Union relations The European Union and the United States have the largest bilateral trade and investment relationship and enjoy the most integrated economic relationship in the world. Although overtaken by China in 2021 as the largest EU import source for goods, the US remains the EU's largest trade and investment partner, even without the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership.
Country
Formal relations began
Notes
Albania
1922
See Albania–United States relations
Andorra
1995
See Andorra–United States relations
Austria
1921
See Austria–United States relations
Belarus
1991
See Belarus–United States relationsThe United States has tense relations with Belarus relating to Belarus' human rights record and election irregularities.
Belgium
1832
See Belgium–United States relations
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1992
See Bosnia and Herzegovina–United States relations
Bulgaria
1903
See Bulgaria–United States relations
Croatia
1992
See Croatia–United States relations
Cyprus
1960
See Cyprus–United States relations
Czech Republic
1993
See Czech Republic–United States relations P20230222AS-0695 (52735381610)
Denmark
1801
See Denmark–United States relations
Estonia
1922; 1991
See Estonia–United States relations
Finland
1919
See Finland–United States relations Finland has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates-general in Los Angeles and New York City. the United States has an embassy in Helsinki. Both countries are members of the Arctic Council, OECD, OSCE, NATO and the United Nations. the United States fully supported Finland's application to join NATO, which resulted in membership on 4 April 2023.
France
1778
See France–United States relations France was the first foreign state to establish diplomatic relations with the United States.
Georgia
1992
See Georgia–United States relations
Germany
1797
See Germany–United States relations In the political sphere, Germany stands at the center of European Union affairs and plays a key leadership role as a member of the G-7, G-20, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The United States recognizes that the security and prosperity of the United States and Germany significantly depend on each other.
Greece
1868
See Greece–United States relations
Holy See
1984
See Holy See–United States relations
Hungary
1921
See Hungary–United States relations
Iceland
1944
See Iceland–United States relations
Ireland
1924
See Ireland–United States relations
Italy
1861
See Italy–United States relations
Kazakhstan
1991
See Kazakhstan–United States relations
Kosovo
1999
See Kosovo–United States relationsThe United States was one of the first countries to recognize Kosovo. The UN Security Council divided on the question of Kosovo's declaration of independence. Kosovo declared its independence on February 17, 2008, whilst Serbia objected that Kosovo is part of its territory. Of the five members with veto power in the UN Security Council, the US, UK, and France recognized the declaration of independence, and China has expressed concern, while Russia considers it illegal. "In its declaration of independence, Kosovo committed itself to the highest standards of democracy, including freedom and tolerance and justice for citizens of all ethnic backgrounds", President George W. Bush said on February 19, 2008. Both countries enjoy excellent relationships.
Latvia
1922; 1991
See Latvia–United States relations
Liechtenstein
1997
See Liechtenstein–United States relations
Lithuania
1922; 1991
See Lithuania–United States relations
Luxembourg
1903
See Luxembourg–United States relations
Malta
1964
See Malta–United States relations
Moldova
1992
See Moldova–United States relations
Monaco
2006
See Monaco–United States relations
Montenegro
1905; 2006
See Montenegro–United States relations
Netherlands
1781
See Netherlands–United States relationsThe Dutch colony of Sint Eustatius was the first foreign state to recognize the independence of the United States, doing so in 1776. However, the Dutch Republic neither authorized the recognition nor ratified it, therefore Morocco remains the first sovereign nation to officially recognize the United States. the Netherlands has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates-general in Atlanta, Chicago, Miami, New York City and San Francisco. the United States has an embassy in The Hague and consulates-general in Amsterdam and Willemstad, Curaçao. Both countries are members of NATO, OECD, OSCE and the United Nations.
North Macedonia
1995
See North Macedonia–United States relations
Norway
1905
See Norway–United States relations
Poland
1919
See Poland–United States relations
Portugal
1791
See Portugal–United States relations
Romania
1880
See Romania–United States relations
Russia
1809; 1991
See Russia–United States relations
San Marino
1861
See San Marino–United States relations
Serbia
1882; 2002
See Serbia–United States relations
Slovakia
1993
See Slovakia–United States relations
Slovenia
1992
See Slovenia–United States relations
Spain
1783
See Spain–United States relations
Sweden
1783
See Sweden–United States relations Sweden has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and consulates-general in New York City and San Francisco. the United States has an embassy in Stockholm. Both countries are members of the Arctic Council, OECD, OSCE, NATO and the United Nations. the United States fully supported Sweden's application to join NATO, which resulted in membership on 7 March 2024.
Switzerland
1853
See Switzerland–United States relations
Turkey
1831
See Turkey–United States relations United States has an embassy in Ankara, a Consulate General in Istanbul and a Consulate in Adana. Turkey has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and Consulate Generals in Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami and New York City. Both countries are members of OECD, G20, NATO and WTO. There are direct flights from Istanbul to Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Washington, D.C. Following its NATO membership in 1952 and subsequent hosting of the United States Air Force in Incirlik Air Base, Turkey became the bulwark of NATO's southeastern flank, the directly bordering Warsaw Pact countries. Turkey participated with the United States during the Korean War of the early 1950s and the Gulf War of 1990.
Ukraine
1991
See Ukraine–United States relations
United Kingdom
1783
See United Kingdom–United States relations The USA established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 1 June 1785. UK–US diplomatic relations is commonly described as the "Special Relationship". The United States maintains an embassy in London. The United Kingdom is accredited to the United States through its embassy in Washington, D.C. The UK governed the United States from 1585 to 1783, when the United States achieved full independence. Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact, AUKUS, Five Eyes, the G7, the G20, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the UKUSA Agreement, the UNSC P5, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilateral the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention, an Economic Prosperity Deal, and a Mutual Defence Agreement. Since World War II, the two countries have shared a Special Relationship as part of the Anglosphere. While both the United States and the United Kingdom maintain close relationships with many other nations around the world, the level of cooperation in military planning, execution of military operations, nuclear weapons technology, and intelligence sharing with each other has been described as "unparalleled" among major powers throughout the 20th and early 21st century. The United States and Britain share the world's largest foreign direct investment partnership. American investment in the United Kingdom reached $255.4 billion in 2002, while British direct investment in the United States totaled $283.3 billion.
· Bilateral relations › Africa › North Africa
Algeria
Algeria
Country
Algeria
Formal relations began
1962
Notes
See Algeria–United States relations The official US presence in Algeria is expanding following over a decade of limited staffing, reflecting the general improvement in the security environment. During the past three years, the US embassy has moved toward more normal operations and now provides most embassy services to the American and Algerian communities.
Egypt
Egypt
Country
Egypt
Formal relations began
1922
Notes
See Egypt–United States relations After the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Egyptian foreign policy began to shift as a result of the change in Egypt's leadership from President Gamal Abdel-Nasser to Anwar Sadat and the emerging peace process between Egypt and Israel. Sadat realized that reaching a settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict is a precondition for Egyptian development. To achieve this goal, Sadat ventured to enhance Egypt–United States relations to foster a peace process with Israel.
Libya
Libya
Country
Libya
Formal relations began
1951
Notes
See Libya–United States relations In 2011, the United States cut diplomatic relations with the Gaddafi regime. The United States recognized the National Transitional Council as the legitimate government of Libya on July 15, 2011.
Morocco
Morocco
Country
Morocco
Formal relations began
1786
Notes
See Morocco–United States relations Morocco was the first sovereign nation to recognize the United States in 1777. American-Moroccan relations were formalized in a 1786 treaty, which is still in force and is the oldest unbroken bilateral treaty in American history.
Sudan
Sudan
Country
Sudan
Formal relations began
1956
Notes
See Sudan–United States relations
Tunisia
Tunisia
Country
Tunisia
Formal relations began
1795
Notes
See Tunisia–United States relations
Arab League
Arab League
Country
Arab League
Notes
See Arab–American relations The Arab League has a representation headquarter, and several offices in the U.S.
Country
Formal relations began
Notes
Algeria
1962
See Algeria–United States relations The official US presence in Algeria is expanding following over a decade of limited staffing, reflecting the general improvement in the security environment. During the past three years, the US embassy has moved toward more normal operations and now provides most embassy services to the American and Algerian communities.
Egypt
1922
See Egypt–United States relations After the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Egyptian foreign policy began to shift as a result of the change in Egypt's leadership from President Gamal Abdel-Nasser to Anwar Sadat and the emerging peace process between Egypt and Israel. Sadat realized that reaching a settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict is a precondition for Egyptian development. To achieve this goal, Sadat ventured to enhance Egypt–United States relations to foster a peace process with Israel.
Libya
1951
See Libya–United States relations In 2011, the United States cut diplomatic relations with the Gaddafi regime. The United States recognized the National Transitional Council as the legitimate government of Libya on July 15, 2011.
Morocco
1786
See Morocco–United States relations Morocco was the first sovereign nation to recognize the United States in 1777. American-Moroccan relations were formalized in a 1786 treaty, which is still in force and is the oldest unbroken bilateral treaty in American history.
Sudan
1956
See Sudan–United States relations
Tunisia
1795
See Tunisia–United States relations
Arab League
See Arab–American relations The Arab League has a representation headquarter, and several offices in the U.S.
· Bilateral relations › Africa › Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Angola
Country
Angola
Formal relations began
1994
Notes
See Angola–United States relations Relations were tense during the Angolan Civil War when the US government backed UNITA rebels, but have warmed since the Angolan government renounced Marxism in 1992.
Benin
Benin
Country
Benin
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Benin–United States relations The two nations have had an excellent history of relations in the years since Benin embraced democracy. The US government continues to assist Benin with the improvement of living standards that are key to the ultimate success of Benin's experiment with democratic government and economic liberalization, and are consistent with US values and national interest in reducing poverty and promoting growth. The bulk of the US effort in support of consolidating democracy in Benin is focused on long-term human resource development through USAID programs.
Botswana
Botswana
Country
Botswana
Formal relations began
1966
Notes
See Botswana–United States relations
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso
Country
Burkina Faso
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Burkina Faso–United States relations
Burundi
Burundi
Country
Burundi
Formal relations began
1962
Notes
See Burundi–United States relations
Cameroon
Cameroon
Country
Cameroon
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Cameroon–United States relations
Cape Verde
Cape Verde
Country
Cape Verde
Formal relations began
1975
Notes
See Cape Verde–United States relations
Central African Republic
Central African Republic
Country
Central African Republic
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Central African Republic–United States relations
Chad
Chad
Country
Chad
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Chad–United States relations
Comoros
Comoros
Country
Comoros
Formal relations began
1977
Notes
See Comoros–United States relations
Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire
Country
Côte d'Ivoire
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Côte d'Ivoire–United States relations
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Country
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Democratic Republic of the Congo–United States relations
Djibouti
Djibouti
Country
Djibouti
Formal relations began
1977
Notes
See Djibouti–United States relations
Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea
Country
Equatorial Guinea
Formal relations began
1968
Notes
See Equatorial Guinea–United States relations
Eritrea
Eritrea
Country
Eritrea
Formal relations began
1993
Notes
See Eritrea–United States relations
Eswatini
Eswatini
Country
Eswatini
Formal relations began
1968
Notes
See Eswatini–United States relations
Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Country
Ethiopia
Formal relations began
1903
Notes
See Ethiopia–United States relations
Gabon
Gabon
Country
Gabon
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Gabon–United States relations
Ghana
Ghana
Country
Ghana
Formal relations began
1957
Notes
See Ghana–United States relations
Guinea
Guinea
Country
Guinea
Formal relations began
1959
Notes
See Guinea–United States relations
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau
Country
Guinea-Bissau
Formal relations began
1975
Notes
See Guinea-Bissau–United States relations
Kenya
Kenya
Country
Kenya
Formal relations began
1964
Notes
See Kenya–United States relations
Lesotho
Lesotho
Country
Lesotho
Formal relations began
1966
Notes
See Lesotho–United States relations
Liberia
Liberia
Country
Liberia
Formal relations began
1864
Notes
See Liberia–United States relations
Madagascar
Madagascar
Country
Madagascar
Formal relations began
1874
Notes
See Madagascar–United States relations
Malawi
Malawi
Country
Malawi
Formal relations began
1964
Notes
See Malawi–United States relations
Mali
Mali
Country
Mali
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Mali–United States relations
Mauritania
Mauritania
Country
Mauritania
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Mauritania–United States relations
Mauritius
Mauritius
Country
Mauritius
Formal relations began
1968
Notes
See Mauritius–United States relations
Mozambique
Mozambique
Country
Mozambique
Formal relations began
1975
Notes
See Mozambique–United States relations
Namibia
Namibia
Country
Namibia
Formal relations began
1990
Notes
See Namibia–United States relations
Niger
Niger
Country
Niger
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Niger–United States relations
Nigeria
Nigeria
Country
Nigeria
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Nigeria–United States relations
Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo
Country
Republic of the Congo
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Republic of the Congo–United States relations
Rwanda
Rwanda
Country
Rwanda
Formal relations began
1962
Notes
See Rwanda–United States relations
São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe
Country
São Tomé and Príncipe
Formal relations began
1976
Notes
See São Tomé and Príncipe–United States relations
Senegal
Senegal
Country
Senegal
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Senegal–United States relations
Seychelles
Seychelles
Country
Seychelles
Formal relations began
1976
Notes
See Seychelles–United States relations
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone
Country
Sierra Leone
Formal relations began
1961
Notes
See Sierra Leone–United States relations
Somalia
Somalia
Country
Somalia
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Somalia–United States relations
South Africa
South Africa
Country
South Africa
Formal relations began
1929
Notes
See South Africa–United States relations
South Sudan
South Sudan
Country
South Sudan
Formal relations began
2011
Notes
See South Sudan–United States relations
Tanzania
Tanzania
Country
Tanzania
Formal relations began
1961
Notes
See Tanzania–United States relations
The Gambia
The Gambia
Country
The Gambia
Formal relations began
1965
Notes
See The Gambia–United States relations
Togo
Togo
Country
Togo
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Togo–United States relations
Uganda
Uganda
Country
Uganda
Formal relations began
1962
Notes
See Uganda–United States relations Bilateral relations between the United States and Uganda have been good since Yoweri Museveni assumed power, and the United States has welcomed his efforts to end human rights abuses and to pursue economic reform. Uganda is a strong supporter of the Global War on Terror. The United States is helping Uganda achieve export-led economic growth through the African Growth and Opportunity Act and provides a significant amount of development assistance. At the same time, the United States is concerned about continuing human rights problems and the pace of progress toward the establishment of genuine political pluralism.
Zambia
Zambia
Country
Zambia
Formal relations began
1964
Notes
See United States–Zambia relations The diplomatic relationship between the United States and Zambia can be characterized as warm and cooperative. The United States works closely with the Zambian Government to defeat the HIV/AIDS pandemic that is ravaging Zambia, to promote economic growth and development, and to effect political reform needed to promote responsive and responsible government. The United States is also supporting the government's efforts to root out corruption. Zambia is a beneficiary of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). The US government provides a variety of technical assistance and other support that is managed by the Department of State, USAID, Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Threshold Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of the Treasury, Department of Defense, and the Peace Corps. The majority of US assistance is provided through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), in support of the fight against HIV/AIDS.
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Country
Zimbabwe
Formal relations began
1980
Notes
See United States–Zimbabwe relations After Morgan Tsvangirai, Mugabe's rival and leader of the Movement for Democratic Change, became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe under a power-sharing agreement, the Barack Obama administration extended its congratulations to Tsvangirai, but said that the US would wait for evidence of Mugabe's cooperation with the MDC before it would consider lifting its sanctions. In early March 2009, Obama proclaimed that US sanctions would be protracted provisionally for another year, because Zimbabwe's political crisis is as yet unresolved.
Country
Formal relations began
Notes
Angola
1994
See Angola–United States relations Relations were tense during the Angolan Civil War when the US government backed UNITA rebels, but have warmed since the Angolan government renounced Marxism in 1992.
Benin
1960
See Benin–United States relations The two nations have had an excellent history of relations in the years since Benin embraced democracy. The US government continues to assist Benin with the improvement of living standards that are key to the ultimate success of Benin's experiment with democratic government and economic liberalization, and are consistent with US values and national interest in reducing poverty and promoting growth. The bulk of the US effort in support of consolidating democracy in Benin is focused on long-term human resource development through USAID programs.
Botswana
1966
See Botswana–United States relations
Burkina Faso
1960
See Burkina Faso–United States relations
Burundi
1962
See Burundi–United States relations
Cameroon
1960
See Cameroon–United States relations
Cape Verde
1975
See Cape Verde–United States relations
Central African Republic
1960
See Central African Republic–United States relations
Chad
1960
See Chad–United States relations
Comoros
1977
See Comoros–United States relations
Côte d'Ivoire
1960
See Côte d'Ivoire–United States relations
Democratic Republic of the Congo
1960
See Democratic Republic of the Congo–United States relations
Djibouti
1977
See Djibouti–United States relations
Equatorial Guinea
1968
See Equatorial Guinea–United States relations
Eritrea
1993
See Eritrea–United States relations
Eswatini
1968
See Eswatini–United States relations
Ethiopia
1903
See Ethiopia–United States relations
Gabon
1960
See Gabon–United States relations
Ghana
1957
See Ghana–United States relations
Guinea
1959
See Guinea–United States relations
Guinea-Bissau
1975
See Guinea-Bissau–United States relations
Kenya
1964
See Kenya–United States relations
Lesotho
1966
See Lesotho–United States relations
Liberia
1864
See Liberia–United States relations
Madagascar
1874
See Madagascar–United States relations
Malawi
1964
See Malawi–United States relations
Mali
1960
See Mali–United States relations
Mauritania
1960
See Mauritania–United States relations
Mauritius
1968
See Mauritius–United States relations
Mozambique
1975
See Mozambique–United States relations
Namibia
1990
See Namibia–United States relations
Niger
1960
See Niger–United States relations
Nigeria
1960
See Nigeria–United States relations
Republic of the Congo
1960
See Republic of the Congo–United States relations
Rwanda
1962
See Rwanda–United States relations
São Tomé and Príncipe
1976
See São Tomé and Príncipe–United States relations
Senegal
1960
See Senegal–United States relations
Seychelles
1976
See Seychelles–United States relations
Sierra Leone
1961
See Sierra Leone–United States relations
Somalia
1960
See Somalia–United States relations
South Africa
1929
See South Africa–United States relations
South Sudan
2011
See South Sudan–United States relations
Tanzania
1961
See Tanzania–United States relations
The Gambia
1965
See The Gambia–United States relations
Togo
1960
See Togo–United States relations
Uganda
1962
See Uganda–United States relations Bilateral relations between the United States and Uganda have been good since Yoweri Museveni assumed power, and the United States has welcomed his efforts to end human rights abuses and to pursue economic reform. Uganda is a strong supporter of the Global War on Terror. The United States is helping Uganda achieve export-led economic growth through the African Growth and Opportunity Act and provides a significant amount of development assistance. At the same time, the United States is concerned about continuing human rights problems and the pace of progress toward the establishment of genuine political pluralism.
Zambia
1964
See United States–Zambia relations The diplomatic relationship between the United States and Zambia can be characterized as warm and cooperative. The United States works closely with the Zambian Government to defeat the HIV/AIDS pandemic that is ravaging Zambia, to promote economic growth and development, and to effect political reform needed to promote responsive and responsible government. The United States is also supporting the government's efforts to root out corruption. Zambia is a beneficiary of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). The US government provides a variety of technical assistance and other support that is managed by the Department of State, USAID, Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Threshold Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of the Treasury, Department of Defense, and the Peace Corps. The majority of US assistance is provided through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), in support of the fight against HIV/AIDS.
Zimbabwe
1980
See United States–Zimbabwe relations After Morgan Tsvangirai, Mugabe's rival and leader of the Movement for Democratic Change, became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe under a power-sharing agreement, the Barack Obama administration extended its congratulations to Tsvangirai, but said that the US would wait for evidence of Mugabe's cooperation with the MDC before it would consider lifting its sanctions. In early March 2009, Obama proclaimed that US sanctions would be protracted provisionally for another year, because Zimbabwe's political crisis is as yet unresolved.
· Bilateral relations › Asia › West Asia and Middle East
Armenia
Armenia
Country
Armenia
Formal relations began
1920; 1991
Notes
See Armenia–United States relations Armenia has an embassy in Washington, D.C. United States has an embassy in Yerevan. United States has recognized the Armenian genocide in 2019 and 2021. The Armenia–United States Strategic Partnership Charter was signed on 14 January 2025.
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Country
Azerbaijan
Formal relations began
1918-1928, 1991
Notes
See Azerbaijan–United States relations
Bahrain
Bahrain
Country
Bahrain
Formal relations began
1971
Notes
See Bahrain–United States relations
Cyprus
Cyprus
Country
Cyprus
Formal relations began
1960
Notes
See Cyprus–United States relations
Georgia
Georgia
Country
Georgia
Formal relations began
1992
Notes
See Georgia–United States relations
Iran
Iran
Country
Iran
Formal relations began
Diplomatic relations severed in 1980
Notes
See Iran–United States relations The United States and the Sublime State of Iran recognized each other in 1850. Diplomatic relations were established in 1883 and severed in 1980.
Iraq
Iraq
Country
Iraq
Formal relations began
1931; 1984; 2004
Notes
See Iraq–United States relations
Israel
Israel
Country
Israel
Formal relations began
1949
Notes
See Israel–United States relations
Jordan
Jordan
Country
Jordan
Formal relations began
1949
Notes
See Jordan–United States relations
Kuwait
Kuwait
Country
Kuwait
Formal relations began
1961
Notes
See Kuwait–United States relations
Lebanon
Lebanon
Country
Lebanon
Formal relations began
1944
Notes
See Lebanon–United States relations
Oman
Oman
Country
Oman
Formal relations began
1972
Notes
See Oman–United States relations
Qatar
Qatar
Country
Qatar
Formal relations began
1972
Notes
See Qatar–United States relations
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Country
Saudi Arabia
Formal relations began
1940
Notes
See Saudi Arabia–United States relations
Syria
Syria
Country
Syria
Formal relations began
1944
Notes
See Syria–United States relations
Turkey
Turkey
Country
Turkey
Formal relations began
1831
Notes
See Turkey–United States relations United States has an embassy in Ankara, a Consulate General in Istanbul and a Consulate in Adana. Turkey has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and Consulate Generals in Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami and New York City. Both countries are members of OECD, G20, NATO and WTO. There are direct flights from Istanbul to Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Washington, D.C. Following its NATO membership in 1952 and subsequent hosting of the United States Air Force in Incirlik Air Base, Turkey became the bulwark of NATO's southeastern flank, the directly bordering Warsaw Pact countries. Turkey participated with the United States during the Korean War of the early 1950s and the Gulf War of 1990.
United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
Country
United Arab Emirates
Formal relations began
1972
Notes
See United Arab Emirates–United States relations The United States was the third country to establish formal diplomatic relations with the UAE and has had an ambassador resident in the UAE since 1974. The two countries have enjoyed friendly relations with each other and have developed into friendly government-to-government ties which include security assistance. UAE and US had enjoyed private commercial ties, especially in petroleum. The quality of UAE–US relations increased dramatically as a result of the US-led coalition's campaign to end the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. UAE ports host more US Navy ships than any port outside the US.
Yemen
Yemen
Country
Yemen
Formal relations began
1946
Notes
See United States–Yemen relations Traditionally, United States – Yemen relations have been tepid, as the lack of strong military-to-military ties, commercial relations, and support of Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh has hindered the development of strong bilateral ties. During the early years of the George W. Bush administration, relations improved under the rubric of the War on Terror, though Yemen's lack of policies toward wanted terrorists has stalled additional US support.
Country
Formal relations began
Notes
Armenia
1920; 1991
See Armenia–United States relations Armenia has an embassy in Washington, D.C. United States has an embassy in Yerevan. United States has recognized the Armenian genocide in 2019 and 2021. The Armenia–United States Strategic Partnership Charter was signed on 14 January 2025.
Azerbaijan
1918-1928, 1991
See Azerbaijan–United States relations
Bahrain
1971
See Bahrain–United States relations
Cyprus
1960
See Cyprus–United States relations
Georgia
1992
See Georgia–United States relations
Iran
Diplomatic relations severed in 1980
See Iran–United States relations The United States and the Sublime State of Iran recognized each other in 1850. Diplomatic relations were established in 1883 and severed in 1980.
Iraq
1931; 1984; 2004
See Iraq–United States relations
Israel
1949
See Israel–United States relations
Jordan
1949
See Jordan–United States relations
Kuwait
1961
See Kuwait–United States relations
Lebanon
1944
See Lebanon–United States relations
Oman
1972
See Oman–United States relations
Qatar
1972
See Qatar–United States relations
Saudi Arabia
1940
See Saudi Arabia–United States relations
Syria
1944
See Syria–United States relations
Turkey
1831
See Turkey–United States relations United States has an embassy in Ankara, a Consulate General in Istanbul and a Consulate in Adana. Turkey has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and Consulate Generals in Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami and New York City. Both countries are members of OECD, G20, NATO and WTO. There are direct flights from Istanbul to Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Washington, D.C. Following its NATO membership in 1952 and subsequent hosting of the United States Air Force in Incirlik Air Base, Turkey became the bulwark of NATO's southeastern flank, the directly bordering Warsaw Pact countries. Turkey participated with the United States during the Korean War of the early 1950s and the Gulf War of 1990.
United Arab Emirates
1972
See United Arab Emirates–United States relations The United States was the third country to establish formal diplomatic relations with the UAE and has had an ambassador resident in the UAE since 1974. The two countries have enjoyed friendly relations with each other and have developed into friendly government-to-government ties which include security assistance. UAE and US had enjoyed private commercial ties, especially in petroleum. The quality of UAE–US relations increased dramatically as a result of the US-led coalition's campaign to end the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait. UAE ports host more US Navy ships than any port outside the US.
Yemen
1946
See United States–Yemen relations Traditionally, United States – Yemen relations have been tepid, as the lack of strong military-to-military ties, commercial relations, and support of Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh has hindered the development of strong bilateral ties. During the early years of the George W. Bush administration, relations improved under the rubric of the War on Terror, though Yemen's lack of policies toward wanted terrorists has stalled additional US support.
· Bilateral relations › Asia › Central Asia
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Country
Kazakhstan
Formal relations began
1991
Notes
See Kazakhstan–United States relations
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
Country
Kyrgyzstan
Formal relations began
1993
Notes
See Kyrgyzstan–United States relations
Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Country
Tajikistan
Formal relations began
1991
Notes
See Tajikistan–United States relations
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Country
Turkmenistan
Formal relations began
1991
Notes
See Turkmenistan–United States relations The US embassy, USAID, and the Peace Corps are located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The United States and Turkmenistan continue to disagree about the country's path toward democratic and economic reform. The United States has publicly advocated industrial privatization, market liberalization, and fiscal reform, as well as legal and regulatory reforms to open up the economy to foreign trade and investment, as the best way to achieve prosperity and true independence and sovereignty.
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan
Country
Uzbekistan
Formal relations began
1991
Notes
See United States–Uzbekistan relations Relations improved slightly in the latter half of 2007, but the U.S.A. continues to call for Uzbekistan to meet all of its commitments under the March 2002 Declaration of Strategic Partnership between the two countries. The declaration covers not only security and economic relations but political reform, economic reform, and human rights. Uzbekistan has Central Asia's largest population and is vital to US, regional, and international efforts to promote stability and security.
Country
Formal relations began
Notes
Kazakhstan
1991
See Kazakhstan–United States relations
Kyrgyzstan
1993
See Kyrgyzstan–United States relations
Tajikistan
1991
See Tajikistan–United States relations
Turkmenistan
1991
See Turkmenistan–United States relations The US embassy, USAID, and the Peace Corps are located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The United States and Turkmenistan continue to disagree about the country's path toward democratic and economic reform. The United States has publicly advocated industrial privatization, market liberalization, and fiscal reform, as well as legal and regulatory reforms to open up the economy to foreign trade and investment, as the best way to achieve prosperity and true independence and sovereignty.
Uzbekistan
1991
See United States–Uzbekistan relations Relations improved slightly in the latter half of 2007, but the U.S.A. continues to call for Uzbekistan to meet all of its commitments under the March 2002 Declaration of Strategic Partnership between the two countries. The declaration covers not only security and economic relations but political reform, economic reform, and human rights. Uzbekistan has Central Asia's largest population and is vital to US, regional, and international efforts to promote stability and security.
· Bilateral relations › Asia › South Asia
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Country
Afghanistan
Formal relations began
1935
Notes
See Afghanistan–United States relations In 2021, the Taliban overthrew the U.S.-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan concurrent with the withdrawal of U.S. troops, leading to the relocation of the U.S. Embassy in Kabul to Doha, Qatar. On November 12, 2021, the U.S. announced that an interests section would open at the Embassy of Qatar in Kabul on December 31, to serve as the protecting power for the U.S. in Afghanistan. The Islamic Republic's diplomatic missions to the U.S. operated independently for several months before shutting down operations and transferring custody of the properties to the U.S. State Department on March 16, 2022. Afghanistan has no protecting power in the U.S.
Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Country
Bangladesh
Formal relations began
1972
Notes
See Bangladesh–United States relations Today the relationship between the two countries is based on what is described by American diplomats as the "three Ds", meaning Democracy, Development and Denial of space for terrorism. The United States is closely working with Bangladesh in combating Islamic extremism and terrorism and is providing hundreds of millions of dollars every year in economic assistance.
Bhutan
Bhutan
Country
Bhutan
Formal relations began
Does not have formal, only informal relations
Notes
See Bhutan–United States relations While the United States has no formal diplomatic relations with Bhutan, it maintains informal contact through its embassy in New Delhi, India. The US has offered to resettle 60,000 of the 107,000 Bhutanese refugees of Nepalese origin now living in seven UN refugee camps in southeastern Nepal.
India
India
Country
India
Formal relations began
1947
Notes
See India–United States relations The relationships between India in the days of the British Raj and the US were thin. Swami Vivekananda promoted Yoga and Vedanta in America at the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago, during the World's Fair in 1893. Mark Twain visited India in 1896 and described it in his travelogue Following the Equator with both revulsion and attraction before concluding that India was the only foreign land he dreamed about or longed to see again. Regarding India, Americans learned more from English writer Rudyard Kipling. Mahatma Gandhi had an important influence on the philosophy of non-violence promoted by Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1950s. At present, India and the US share an extensive and expanding cultural, strategic, military, and economic relationship which is in the phase of implementing confidence building measures (CBM) to overcome the legacy of trust deficit – brought about by adversarial US foreign policies and multiple instances of technology denial – which have plagued the relationship over several decades. Unrealistic expectations after the conclusion of the 2008 India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement (which underestimated negative public opinion regarding the long-term viability of nuclear power generation and civil-society endorsement for contractual guarantees on safeguards and liability) has given way to pragmatic realism and refocus on areas of cooperation which enjoy favourable political and electoral consensus.
Maldives
Maldives
Country
Maldives
Formal relations began
1965
Notes
See Maldives–United States relations
Nepal
Nepal
Country
Nepal
Formal relations began
1947
Notes
See Nepal–United States relations
Pakistan
Pakistan
Country
Pakistan
Formal relations began
1947
Notes
See Pakistan–United States relations The United States relationship with Pakistan weakened after the United States troops withdraws Afghanistan in 2021. Pakistan declined an invitation to the US's 'Summit for Democracy' under the Biden administration.
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Country
Sri Lanka
Formal relations began
1947
Notes
See Sri Lanka–United States relations
Country
Formal relations began
Notes
Afghanistan
1935
See Afghanistan–United States relations In 2021, the Taliban overthrew the U.S.-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan concurrent with the withdrawal of U.S. troops, leading to the relocation of the U.S. Embassy in Kabul to Doha, Qatar. On November 12, 2021, the U.S. announced that an interests section would open at the Embassy of Qatar in Kabul on December 31, to serve as the protecting power for the U.S. in Afghanistan. The Islamic Republic's diplomatic missions to the U.S. operated independently for several months before shutting down operations and transferring custody of the properties to the U.S. State Department on March 16, 2022. Afghanistan has no protecting power in the U.S.
Bangladesh
1972
See Bangladesh–United States relations Today the relationship between the two countries is based on what is described by American diplomats as the "three Ds", meaning Democracy, Development and Denial of space for terrorism. The United States is closely working with Bangladesh in combating Islamic extremism and terrorism and is providing hundreds of millions of dollars every year in economic assistance.
Bhutan
Does not have formal, only informal relations
See Bhutan–United States relations While the United States has no formal diplomatic relations with Bhutan, it maintains informal contact through its embassy in New Delhi, India. The US has offered to resettle 60,000 of the 107,000 Bhutanese refugees of Nepalese origin now living in seven UN refugee camps in southeastern Nepal.
India
1947
See India–United States relations The relationships between India in the days of the British Raj and the US were thin. Swami Vivekananda promoted Yoga and Vedanta in America at the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago, during the World's Fair in 1893. Mark Twain visited India in 1896 and described it in his travelogue Following the Equator with both revulsion and attraction before concluding that India was the only foreign land he dreamed about or longed to see again. Regarding India, Americans learned more from English writer Rudyard Kipling. Mahatma Gandhi had an important influence on the philosophy of non-violence promoted by Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1950s. At present, India and the US share an extensive and expanding cultural, strategic, military, and economic relationship which is in the phase of implementing confidence building measures (CBM) to overcome the legacy of trust deficit – brought about by adversarial US foreign policies and multiple instances of technology denial – which have plagued the relationship over several decades. Unrealistic expectations after the conclusion of the 2008 India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement (which underestimated negative public opinion regarding the long-term viability of nuclear power generation and civil-society endorsement for contractual guarantees on safeguards and liability) has given way to pragmatic realism and refocus on areas of cooperation which enjoy favourable political and electoral consensus.
Maldives
1965
See Maldives–United States relations
Nepal
1947
See Nepal–United States relations
Pakistan
1947
See Pakistan–United States relations The United States relationship with Pakistan weakened after the United States troops withdraws Afghanistan in 2021. Pakistan declined an invitation to the US's 'Summit for Democracy' under the Biden administration.
Sri Lanka
1947
See Sri Lanka–United States relations
· Bilateral relations › Asia › East Asia
People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
Country
People's Republic of China
Formal relations began
1844 (Qing)1979 (PRC)
Notes
See China–United States relations and East Asia island arcs The United States and the People's Republic of China have extensive yet complex economic relationships and partnerships. A great amount of trade between the two countries necessitates positive economic relations, although occasional disagreements over tariffs, currency exchange rates, intellectual property theft, and the political status of Taiwan occurs. The United States has criticized China on such human rights issues as the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, the persecution of Falun Gong, and more recently the mass detaining of Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and other ethnic and religious minorities in Xinjiang, as well the forced sinicization of Mongols and Tibetans. China has criticized the United States on human rights issues in response and accused the latter of "interfering in China's internal affairs". The United States acknowledges the PRC's One-China policy. The relations deteriorated sharply under Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping, with issues such as China's militarization of the South China Sea and Chinese espionage in the United States arising. U.S. president Donald Trump launched a trade war against China, banned U.S. companies from selling equipment to Huawei, increased visa restrictions on Chinese students and scholars, and designated China as a "currency manipulator". The more confrontational policy has endured during the Biden administration, which focuses on China's treatment of Hong Kong, the threats against Taiwan, the persecution of Uyghurs in China, and Chinese cyberwarfare. In response, China has adopted "wolf warrior diplomacy" to counter allegations they see as incorrect and damaging to the American-Chinese dialogue.
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Country
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Formal relations began
1844 (Qing)1911 (ended in 1979)1979 (Taiwan Relations Act - unofficial) 2018 (Taiwan Travel Act) - high-level working partnership
Notes
See Taiwan–United States relations The United States recognized the Nationalist Government as the legitimate government of all of China throughout the Chinese Civil War. The U.S. continued to recognize the Republic of China until 1979, when it shifted its recognition to the People's Republic of China in accordance with the One China policy, where the U.S. 'acknowledge', or take note of, the Chinese position on Taiwan but not 'recognizing' or accepting it, which allows the U.S. flexibility to pursue unofficial but robust relations with Taipei. The U.S. continued to provide Taiwan with military aid after 1979, and continued informal relations through the American Institute in Taiwan, and Taiwan is considered to be a strong Asian ally and supporter of the United States. The U.S. Congress passed the Taiwan Travel Act on February 28, 2018, and the bill was subsequently signed into federal law by President Donald Trump, formalizing high-level communications between Washington and Taipei as well as permitting intergovernmental contact at the highest level.
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Country
Hong Kong
Formal relations began
1992
Notes
See Hong Kong–United States relations U.S. foreign policy toward Hong Kong, grounded in a determination to promote Hong Kong's prosperity, autonomy, and way of life, is stated in the U.S.–Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992. It rules that the U.S. would continue to treat Hong Kong apart from the People's Republic of China even after the 1997 transfer of sovereignty marking the end of British rule. The United States maintains substantial economic and political interests in Hong Kong. The United States supports Hong Kong's autonomy by concluding and implementing bilateral agreements; promoting trade and investment; arranging high-level visits; broadening law enforcement cooperation; bolstering educational, academic, and cultural links; and supporting the large community of U.S. citizens and visitors.
Macau
Macau
Country
Macau
Formal relations began
1999
Notes
See Macau–United States relations In recognition of Macau's high degree of autonomy, the United States continues to treat Macau as a "special area" distinct from the People's Republic of China. Macau's clothes and textiles continued to enter the United States under quotas separated from those of China. Under the terms of a September 2000 bilateral memorandum of understanding, Macau and the U.S. government cooperate in enforcing textile quotas and preventing illegal trans-shipment. The United States continued periodic visits by U.S. Customs Textile Production Verification Teams to ensure compliance with Macau bilateral textile commitments.
Japan
Japan
Country
Japan
Formal relations began
1854, 1952
Notes
See Japan–United States relations The relationship began in the 1850s, as the United States was a major factor in forcing Japan to resume contacts with the outer world beyond a very restricted role. In the late 19th century, the Japanese sent many delegations to Europe, and some to the U.S., to discover and copy the latest technology and thereby modernize Japan very rapidly and allow it to build its own empire. There was some friction over control of Hawaii and the Philippines, but Japan stood aside as the U.S. annexed those lands in 1898. Likewise, the U.S. did not object when Japan took control of Korea. The two nations cooperated with the European powers in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900, but the U.S. was increasingly troubled about Japan's denial of the Open Door Policy that would ensure that all nations could do business with China on an equal basis. President Theodore Roosevelt admired Japan's strength as it defeated a major European power, Russia. He brokered an end to the war between Russia and Japan in 1905–6. Anti-Japanese sentiment (especially on the West Coast) soured relations in the 1907–24 era. In the 1930s, the U.S. protested vehemently against Japan's seizure of Manchuria (1931), its war against China (1937–45), and its seizure of Indochina (Vietnam) 1940–41. American sympathies were with China and Japan rejected increasingly angry American demands that Japan pull out of China. The two nations fought an all-out war 1941–45; the U.S. won a total victory, with heavy bombing (including two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki) that devastated Japan's 50 largest industrial cities. The U.S. Army under Douglas MacArthur occupied and ruled Japan, 1945–51, with the successful goal of sponsoring a peaceful, prosperous and democratic nation. In 1951, the United States and Japan signed Treaty of San Francisco and Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan, subsequently revised as Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan in 1960, relations since then have been excellent. The United States considers Japan to be one of its closest allies, and it is both a major non-NATO ally and NATO contact country. The United States has several military bases in Japan including Yokosuka, which harbors the US 7th Fleet. The JSDF, or Japanese Self Defense Force, cross-train with the U.S. military, often providing auxiliary security and conducting war games.
Mongolia
Mongolia
Country
Mongolia
Formal relations began
1987
Notes
See Mongolia–United States relations
North Korea
North Korea
Country
North Korea
Formal relations began
1882 (Joseon); Only Informal Relations with the DPRK
Notes
See North Korea–United States relationsDiplomatic relations severed in 2018
South Korea
South Korea
Country
South Korea
Formal relations began
1882 (Joseon); 1949 (Republic)
Notes
See South Korea–United States relations South Korea–United States relations have been most extensive since 1945, when the United States helped establish capitalism in South Korea and led the UN-sponsored Korean War against North Korea and China (1950–53). South Korea's rapid economic growth, democratization and modernization greatly reduced its U.S. dependency. Large numbers of U.S. forces remain in South Korea. On September 24, 2018, U.S. president Donald Trump signed a renegotiated trade agreement with South Korean President Moon Jae-in.
Country
Formal relations began
Notes
People's Republic of China
1844 (Qing)1979 (PRC)
See China–United States relations and East Asia island arcs The United States and the People's Republic of China have extensive yet complex economic relationships and partnerships. A great amount of trade between the two countries necessitates positive economic relations, although occasional disagreements over tariffs, currency exchange rates, intellectual property theft, and the political status of Taiwan occurs. The United States has criticized China on such human rights issues as the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, the persecution of Falun Gong, and more recently the mass detaining of Uyghurs, Kazakhs, and other ethnic and religious minorities in Xinjiang, as well the forced sinicization of Mongols and Tibetans. China has criticized the United States on human rights issues in response and accused the latter of "interfering in China's internal affairs". The United States acknowledges the PRC's One-China policy. The relations deteriorated sharply under Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping, with issues such as China's militarization of the South China Sea and Chinese espionage in the United States arising. U.S. president Donald Trump launched a trade war against China, banned U.S. companies from selling equipment to Huawei, increased visa restrictions on Chinese students and scholars, and designated China as a "currency manipulator". The more confrontational policy has endured during the Biden administration, which focuses on China's treatment of Hong Kong, the threats against Taiwan, the persecution of Uyghurs in China, and Chinese cyberwarfare. In response, China has adopted "wolf warrior diplomacy" to counter allegations they see as incorrect and damaging to the American-Chinese dialogue.
Republic of China (Taiwan)
1844 (Qing)1911 (ended in 1979)1979 (Taiwan Relations Act - unofficial) 2018 (Taiwan Travel Act) - high-level working partnership
See Taiwan–United States relations The United States recognized the Nationalist Government as the legitimate government of all of China throughout the Chinese Civil War. The U.S. continued to recognize the Republic of China until 1979, when it shifted its recognition to the People's Republic of China in accordance with the One China policy, where the U.S. 'acknowledge', or take note of, the Chinese position on Taiwan but not 'recognizing' or accepting it, which allows the U.S. flexibility to pursue unofficial but robust relations with Taipei. The U.S. continued to provide Taiwan with military aid after 1979, and continued informal relations through the American Institute in Taiwan, and Taiwan is considered to be a strong Asian ally and supporter of the United States. The U.S. Congress passed the Taiwan Travel Act on February 28, 2018, and the bill was subsequently signed into federal law by President Donald Trump, formalizing high-level communications between Washington and Taipei as well as permitting intergovernmental contact at the highest level.
Hong Kong
1992
See Hong Kong–United States relations U.S. foreign policy toward Hong Kong, grounded in a determination to promote Hong Kong's prosperity, autonomy, and way of life, is stated in the U.S.–Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992. It rules that the U.S. would continue to treat Hong Kong apart from the People's Republic of China even after the 1997 transfer of sovereignty marking the end of British rule. The United States maintains substantial economic and political interests in Hong Kong. The United States supports Hong Kong's autonomy by concluding and implementing bilateral agreements; promoting trade and investment; arranging high-level visits; broadening law enforcement cooperation; bolstering educational, academic, and cultural links; and supporting the large community of U.S. citizens and visitors.
Macau
1999
See Macau–United States relations In recognition of Macau's high degree of autonomy, the United States continues to treat Macau as a "special area" distinct from the People's Republic of China. Macau's clothes and textiles continued to enter the United States under quotas separated from those of China. Under the terms of a September 2000 bilateral memorandum of understanding, Macau and the U.S. government cooperate in enforcing textile quotas and preventing illegal trans-shipment. The United States continued periodic visits by U.S. Customs Textile Production Verification Teams to ensure compliance with Macau bilateral textile commitments.
Japan
1854, 1952
See Japan–United States relations The relationship began in the 1850s, as the United States was a major factor in forcing Japan to resume contacts with the outer world beyond a very restricted role. In the late 19th century, the Japanese sent many delegations to Europe, and some to the U.S., to discover and copy the latest technology and thereby modernize Japan very rapidly and allow it to build its own empire. There was some friction over control of Hawaii and the Philippines, but Japan stood aside as the U.S. annexed those lands in 1898. Likewise, the U.S. did not object when Japan took control of Korea. The two nations cooperated with the European powers in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900, but the U.S. was increasingly troubled about Japan's denial of the Open Door Policy that would ensure that all nations could do business with China on an equal basis. President Theodore Roosevelt admired Japan's strength as it defeated a major European power, Russia. He brokered an end to the war between Russia and Japan in 1905–6. Anti-Japanese sentiment (especially on the West Coast) soured relations in the 1907–24 era. In the 1930s, the U.S. protested vehemently against Japan's seizure of Manchuria (1931), its war against China (1937–45), and its seizure of Indochina (Vietnam) 1940–41. American sympathies were with China and Japan rejected increasingly angry American demands that Japan pull out of China. The two nations fought an all-out war 1941–45; the U.S. won a total victory, with heavy bombing (including two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki) that devastated Japan's 50 largest industrial cities. The U.S. Army under Douglas MacArthur occupied and ruled Japan, 1945–51, with the successful goal of sponsoring a peaceful, prosperous and democratic nation. In 1951, the United States and Japan signed Treaty of San Francisco and Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan, subsequently revised as Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan in 1960, relations since then have been excellent. The United States considers Japan to be one of its closest allies, and it is both a major non-NATO ally and NATO contact country. The United States has several military bases in Japan including Yokosuka, which harbors the US 7th Fleet. The JSDF, or Japanese Self Defense Force, cross-train with the U.S. military, often providing auxiliary security and conducting war games.
Mongolia
1987
See Mongolia–United States relations
North Korea
1882 (Joseon); Only Informal Relations with the DPRK
See North Korea–United States relationsDiplomatic relations severed in 2018
South Korea
1882 (Joseon); 1949 (Republic)
See South Korea–United States relations South Korea–United States relations have been most extensive since 1945, when the United States helped establish capitalism in South Korea and led the UN-sponsored Korean War against North Korea and China (1950–53). South Korea's rapid economic growth, democratization and modernization greatly reduced its U.S. dependency. Large numbers of U.S. forces remain in South Korea. On September 24, 2018, U.S. president Donald Trump signed a renegotiated trade agreement with South Korean President Moon Jae-in.
· Bilateral relations › Asia › Southeast Asia
Brunei
Brunei
Country
Brunei
Formal relations began
1984
Notes
See Brunei–United States relations The United States welcomed Brunei Darussalam's full independence from the United Kingdom on January 1, 1984, and opened an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan on that date. Brunei opened its embassy in Washington, D.C. in March 1984. Brunei's armed forces engage in joint exercises, training programs, and other military cooperation with the US. A memorandum of understanding on defense cooperation was signed on November 29, 1994. The Sultan of Brunei visited Washington in December 2002.
Cambodia
Cambodia
Country
Cambodia
Formal relations began
1950
Notes
See Cambodia–United States relations
Indonesia
Indonesia
Country
Indonesia
Formal relations began
1949
Notes
See Indonesia–United States relations As the largest ASEAN member, Indonesia has played an active and prominent role in developing the organization. For United States, Indonesia is important for dealing with certain issues; such as terrorism, democracy, and how United States project its relations with Islamic world, since Indonesia has the world's largest Islamic population, and one that honors and respects religious diversity. The United States views Indonesia as a potential strategic ally in Southeast Asia. During his stately visit to Indonesia, US president Barack Obama has held up Indonesia as an example of how a developing nation can embrace democracy and diversity.
Laos
Laos
Country
Laos
Formal relations began
1950
Notes
See Laos–United States relations
Malaysia
Malaysia
Country
Malaysia
Formal relations began
1957
Notes
See Malaysia–United States relations Despite increasingly strained relations under the Mahathir Mohamad government, ties have been thawed under Najib Razak's administration. Economic ties are particularly robust, with the United States being Malaysia's largest trading partner and Malaysia is the tenth-largest trading partner of the US. Annual bilateral trade amounts to $50 billion. The United States and Malaysia launched negotiations for a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) in June 2006. The United States and Malaysia enjoy strong security cooperation. Malaysia hosts the Southeast Asia Regional Center for Counterterrorism (SEARCCT), where over 2000 officials from various countries have received training. The United States is among the foreign countries that has collaborated with the center in conducting capacity building programmes. The United States and Malaysia share a strong military-to-military relationship with numerous exchanges, training, joint exercises, and visits.
Myanmar
Myanmar
Country
Myanmar
Formal relations began
1948
Notes
See Myanmar–United States relationsBilateral ties have generally been strained but are slowly improving. The United States has placed broad sanctions on Burma because of the military crackdown in 1988 and the military regime's refusal to honour the election results of the 1990 People's Assembly election. Similarly, the European Union has placed embargoes on Burma, including an arms embargo, cessation of trade preferences, and suspension of all aid with the exception of humanitarian aid. US and European government sanctions against the military government, alongside boycotts and other types direct pressure on corporations by western supporters of the Burmese democracy movement, have resulted in the withdrawal from Burma of most United States and many European companies. However, several Western companies remain due to loopholes in the sanctions. Asian corporations have generally remained willing to continue investing in Myanmar and to initiate new investments, particularly in natural resource extraction. Ongoing reforms have improved relations between Burma and the United States. However the Rohingya Crisis has been deteriorating ties.
Philippines
Philippines
Country
Philippines
Formal relations began
1946
Notes
See Philippines–United States relations The Philippines and the United States have an extremely strong relationship with each other due to their long-standing alliance. The Philippine-USA links stretch back in time. The first Asians in the Americas were the Filipinos. The first recorded advent of Filipinos in what is now the United States date to October 1587 around Morro Bay, California, with the first permanent settlement in Louisiana in 1763, they were named "Manilamen" and they served in the Battle of New Orleans during the closing stages of the War of 1812, when the British Empire and American Republic once again went to war against each other as Filipinos in Saint Malo supported the American side against the British Empire. One American state, due to it being a former Spanish territory, Texas, was even once called "The New Philippines", so named since the Spanish wanted to replicate the prosperity they achieved in the Philippines, in that territory in the Americas. The Spanish government ceded the Philippines to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War and led to the Philippine–American War. The Philippines was a United States colony from 1898 to 1946. The United States finally recognized Philippine independence on July 4, 1946, in the Treaty of Manila. July 4 was observed in the Philippines as Independence Day until August 4, 1964, when, upon the advice of historians and the urging of nationalists, President Diosdado Macapagal signed into law Republic Act No. 4166 designating June 12 as the country's Independence Day. The United States and the Philippines have fought together in many conflicts such as World War I, World War II, the Korean War, Vietnam War, Islamic insurgency in the Philippines, Gulf War and the War on Terror. The Philippines and the United States still maintain close, friendly, diplomatic, political and military relations with more than 100,000 US citizens and nationals living in the Philippines and more than 4 million Filipinos living in the United States. Both countries actively cooperate in the trade, investment and financial sectors. The US is also the largest investor in the Philippine economy with an estimated total worth of $63 billion. The United States and the Philippines conduct joint military exercises called the Balikatan that take place once a year to boost relations between the two countries. The US military also conducts humanitarian and aid missions in the Philippines. The Philippines is one out of two major US allies in South East Asia. Since 2003 the US has designated the Philippines as a major non-NATO ally. However, relations between the United States and the Philippines began to deteriorate in 2016 with Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte wanting to form an alliance with China and Russia and separating the country from all connections and ties with the United States, both economically and socially.
Singapore
Singapore
Country
Singapore
Formal relations began
1965
Notes
See Singapore–United States relations
Thailand
Thailand
Country
Thailand
Formal relations began
1833
Notes
See Thailand–United States relationsThailand and the United States are both former Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) members, being close partners throughout the Cold War, and are still close allies. Since 2003, the United States has designated Thailand as a major non-NATO ally.
Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste
Country
Timor-Leste
Formal relations began
2002
Notes
See Timor-Leste–United States relations
Vietnam
Vietnam
Country
Vietnam
Formal relations began
1950
Notes
See United States–Vietnam relations After a 20-year hiatus of severed ties, President Bill Clinton announced the formal normalization of diplomatic relations with Vietnam on July 11, 1995. Subsequent to President Clinton's normalization announcement, in August 1995, both nations upgraded their Liaison Offices opened during January 1995 to embassy status. As diplomatic ties between the nations grew, the United States opened a consulate general in Ho Chi Minh City, and Vietnam opened a consulate in San Francisco. Today, the United States views Vietnam as a potential strategic ally in Southeast Asia.
Country
Formal relations began
Notes
Brunei
1984
See Brunei–United States relations The United States welcomed Brunei Darussalam's full independence from the United Kingdom on January 1, 1984, and opened an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan on that date. Brunei opened its embassy in Washington, D.C. in March 1984. Brunei's armed forces engage in joint exercises, training programs, and other military cooperation with the US. A memorandum of understanding on defense cooperation was signed on November 29, 1994. The Sultan of Brunei visited Washington in December 2002.
Cambodia
1950
See Cambodia–United States relations
Indonesia
1949
See Indonesia–United States relations As the largest ASEAN member, Indonesia has played an active and prominent role in developing the organization. For United States, Indonesia is important for dealing with certain issues; such as terrorism, democracy, and how United States project its relations with Islamic world, since Indonesia has the world's largest Islamic population, and one that honors and respects religious diversity. The United States views Indonesia as a potential strategic ally in Southeast Asia. During his stately visit to Indonesia, US president Barack Obama has held up Indonesia as an example of how a developing nation can embrace democracy and diversity.
Laos
1950
See Laos–United States relations
Malaysia
1957
See Malaysia–United States relations Despite increasingly strained relations under the Mahathir Mohamad government, ties have been thawed under Najib Razak's administration. Economic ties are particularly robust, with the United States being Malaysia's largest trading partner and Malaysia is the tenth-largest trading partner of the US. Annual bilateral trade amounts to $50 billion. The United States and Malaysia launched negotiations for a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) in June 2006. The United States and Malaysia enjoy strong security cooperation. Malaysia hosts the Southeast Asia Regional Center for Counterterrorism (SEARCCT), where over 2000 officials from various countries have received training. The United States is among the foreign countries that has collaborated with the center in conducting capacity building programmes. The United States and Malaysia share a strong military-to-military relationship with numerous exchanges, training, joint exercises, and visits.
Myanmar
1948
See Myanmar–United States relationsBilateral ties have generally been strained but are slowly improving. The United States has placed broad sanctions on Burma because of the military crackdown in 1988 and the military regime's refusal to honour the election results of the 1990 People's Assembly election. Similarly, the European Union has placed embargoes on Burma, including an arms embargo, cessation of trade preferences, and suspension of all aid with the exception of humanitarian aid. US and European government sanctions against the military government, alongside boycotts and other types direct pressure on corporations by western supporters of the Burmese democracy movement, have resulted in the withdrawal from Burma of most United States and many European companies. However, several Western companies remain due to loopholes in the sanctions. Asian corporations have generally remained willing to continue investing in Myanmar and to initiate new investments, particularly in natural resource extraction. Ongoing reforms have improved relations between Burma and the United States. However the Rohingya Crisis has been deteriorating ties.
Philippines
1946
See Philippines–United States relations The Philippines and the United States have an extremely strong relationship with each other due to their long-standing alliance. The Philippine-USA links stretch back in time. The first Asians in the Americas were the Filipinos. The first recorded advent of Filipinos in what is now the United States date to October 1587 around Morro Bay, California, with the first permanent settlement in Louisiana in 1763, they were named "Manilamen" and they served in the Battle of New Orleans during the closing stages of the War of 1812, when the British Empire and American Republic once again went to war against each other as Filipinos in Saint Malo supported the American side against the British Empire. One American state, due to it being a former Spanish territory, Texas, was even once called "The New Philippines", so named since the Spanish wanted to replicate the prosperity they achieved in the Philippines, in that territory in the Americas. The Spanish government ceded the Philippines to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War and led to the Philippine–American War. The Philippines was a United States colony from 1898 to 1946. The United States finally recognized Philippine independence on July 4, 1946, in the Treaty of Manila. July 4 was observed in the Philippines as Independence Day until August 4, 1964, when, upon the advice of historians and the urging of nationalists, President Diosdado Macapagal signed into law Republic Act No. 4166 designating June 12 as the country's Independence Day. The United States and the Philippines have fought together in many conflicts such as World War I, World War II, the Korean War, Vietnam War, Islamic insurgency in the Philippines, Gulf War and the War on Terror. The Philippines and the United States still maintain close, friendly, diplomatic, political and military relations with more than 100,000 US citizens and nationals living in the Philippines and more than 4 million Filipinos living in the United States. Both countries actively cooperate in the trade, investment and financial sectors. The US is also the largest investor in the Philippine economy with an estimated total worth of $63 billion. The United States and the Philippines conduct joint military exercises called the Balikatan that take place once a year to boost relations between the two countries. The US military also conducts humanitarian and aid missions in the Philippines. The Philippines is one out of two major US allies in South East Asia. Since 2003 the US has designated the Philippines as a major non-NATO ally. However, relations between the United States and the Philippines began to deteriorate in 2016 with Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte wanting to form an alliance with China and Russia and separating the country from all connections and ties with the United States, both economically and socially.
Singapore
1965
See Singapore–United States relations
Thailand
1833
See Thailand–United States relationsThailand and the United States are both former Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) members, being close partners throughout the Cold War, and are still close allies. Since 2003, the United States has designated Thailand as a major non-NATO ally.
Timor-Leste
2002
See Timor-Leste–United States relations
Vietnam
1950
See United States–Vietnam relations After a 20-year hiatus of severed ties, President Bill Clinton announced the formal normalization of diplomatic relations with Vietnam on July 11, 1995. Subsequent to President Clinton's normalization announcement, in August 1995, both nations upgraded their Liaison Offices opened during January 1995 to embassy status. As diplomatic ties between the nations grew, the United States opened a consulate general in Ho Chi Minh City, and Vietnam opened a consulate in San Francisco. Today, the United States views Vietnam as a potential strategic ally in Southeast Asia.
· Bilateral relations › Oceania
Australia
Australia
Country
Australia
Formal relations began
1940
Notes
See Australia–United States relations Australia and the United States have long been close and strategic allies and have traditionally been aligned with the Commonwealth of Nations. The two countries have a shared history, both have previously been British Colonies and many Americans flocked to the Australian goldfields in the 19th century. At the strategic level, the relationship really came to prominence in the Second World War, when the two nations worked extremely closely in the Pacific War against Japan, with General Douglas MacArthur undertaking his role as Supreme Allied Commander based in Australia, effectively having Australian troops and resources under his command. During this period, the cultural interaction between Australia and the United States were elevated to a higher level as over 1 million US military personnel moved through Australia during the course of the war. The relationship continued to evolve throughout the second half of the 20th century, and today now involves strong relationships at the executive and mid levels of government and the military, leading Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Kurt M. Campbell to declare that "in the last ten years, [Australia] has ascended to one of the closest one or two allies [of the US] on the planet". It was also strengthened its relationship with the United States as Britain's influence in Asia declined. At the governmental level, United States-Australia relations are formalized by the ANZUS treaty and the Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement.[citation needed]
Cook Islands
Cook Islands
Country
Cook Islands
Formal relations began
1995
Notes
See Cook Islands–United States relations The Cook Islands are an Associated State of New Zealand and has consular relations with the United States, in addition as early as 1980, the two sides signed the Cook Islands-United States Maritime Boundary Treaty. On September 25, 2023, the two sides established diplomatic relations.
Fiji
Fiji
Country
Fiji
Formal relations began
1971
Notes
See Fiji–United States relations Relations are currently steady since Fiji's elections in September 2014. The United States had opposed Fiji's unelected government, which came to power through a military coup in December 2006. The United States suspended $2.5 million in aid money pending a review of the situation, following the 2006 coup.
Kiribati
Kiribati
Country
Kiribati
Formal relations began
1980
Notes
See Kiribati–United States relations Relations between Kiribati and the United States are excellent. Kiribati signed a treaty of friendship with the United States after independence in 1979. The United States has no consular or diplomatic facilities in the country. Officers of the American Embassy in Suva, Fiji, are concurrently accredited to Kiribati and make periodic visits. The US Peace Corps maintained a program in Kiribati from 1974 to 2008.
Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands
Country
Marshall Islands
Formal relations began
1986
Notes
See Marshall Islands–United States relations The Marshall Islands is a sovereign nation in "free association" with the United States. The Marshall Islands and the United States maintain excellent relations. After more than a decade of negotiation, the Marshall Islands and the United States signed the Compact of Free Association on June 25, 1983. The Compact gives the US full authority and responsibility over defense of the Marshall Islands. The Marshall Islands and the United States both lay claim to Wake Island. The Compact that binds the Marshall Islands and the United States is the same one that binds the United States and the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau.
Federated States of Micronesia
Federated States of Micronesia
Country
Federated States of Micronesia
Formal relations began
1986
Notes
See Federated States of Micronesia–United States relations Reflecting a strong legacy of Trusteeship cooperation, over 25 US federal agencies continue to maintain programs in the FSM. The United States and the FSM share very strong relations. Under the Amended Compact, the US has full authority and responsibility for the defense of the FSM. This security relationship can be changed or terminated by mutual agreement. The Compact that binds the US and the FSM is the same one that binds the United States to the Marshall Islands and to Palau.
Nauru
Nauru
Country
Nauru
Formal relations began
1976
Notes
See Nauru–United States relations Relations between Nauru and the United States are complicated. While the new US ambassador to Fiji has promised Nauru assistance in economic development, there have been disagreements about Cuba and Foreign policy of the United States, and the United States does not have an embassy in Nauru; instead, the US embassy staff in Suva, Fiji make periodical visits.
New Zealand
New Zealand
Country
New Zealand
Formal relations began
1942
Notes
See New Zealand–United States relations United States-New Zealand relations are strong, but complex. The United States has historically assisted New Zealand in times of turmoil; for instance, during World War II, US bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and with the September 2010 Canterbury earthquake and the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. New Zealand has reciprocated; for example, by participating in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. However, the United States suspended its mutual defense obligations to New Zealand because of the state's non-nuclear policies. In 1996, the United States under President Bill Clinton reinstated New Zealand's status from a 'friend' to an 'ally' by designating New Zealand as a major non-NATO ally. Despite disagreements between the two countries, the bilateral trade, security, and cultural relationship continued to flourish. New Zealand continued to play a supportive role in international conflicts in Somalia, Bosnia, and the Persian Gulf. New Zealand and the United States are close collaborators in the international intelligence alliance, Five Eyes, which is one of the most comprehensive known espionage alliances in history. Following the 9/11 attacks on the United States in 2001, New Zealand supported international counter-terrorism efforts and assisted the United States throughout the war in Afghanistan. Throughout the 2000s, the United States has remained New Zealand's fourth-largest trading partner and third-largest source of visitors.
Niue
Niue
Country
Niue
Formal relations began
25 September 2023
Notes
Niue is an Associated State of New Zealand. In 1997, the United States and Niue signed a maritime boundary treaty that included the following statement: "Prior to signing the treaty, the political status of Niue was addressed. Niue is in free association with New Zealand. On internal matters it is self-governing. Niue conducts its foreign affairs in conjunction with New Zealand. Niue has declared and does manage its exclusive economic zone. The United States requested, and received, confirmation from New Zealand that the Government of Niue had the competence to enter into this agreement with the United States." On September 25, 2023, the two sides established diplomatic relations.
Palau
Palau
Country
Palau
Formal relations began
1996
Notes
See Palau–United States relations On October 1, 1994, after five decades of US administration, the country of Palau became the last component of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to gain its independence. In 1978, Palau decided not to join the Federated States of Micronesia, due to culture and language differences, and instead sought independence. In 1986, the Compact of Free Association agreement between Palau and the United States was approved, paving the way for Palau's independence.
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Country
Papua New Guinea
Formal relations began
1975
Notes
See Papua New Guinea–United States relations
Samoa
Samoa
Country
Samoa
Formal relations began
1962
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands
Country
Solomon Islands
Formal relations began
1978
Tonga
Tonga
Country
Tonga
Formal relations began
1886; 1972
Notes
See Tonga–United States relations
Tuvalu
Tuvalu
Country
Tuvalu
Formal relations began
1978
Notes
See Tuvalu–United States relations Relations between the two countries are generally amicable, or neutral, but there have been notable disagreements regarding the issues of climate change and the Kyoto Protocol.
Vanuatu
Vanuatu
Country
Vanuatu
Formal relations began
1986
Notes
See United States–Vanuatu relations The United States and Vanuatu established diplomatic relations on September 30, 1986 - three months to the day after Vanuatu had established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Relations were often tense in the 1980s, under the prime ministership of Father Walter Lini in Vanuatu, but eased after that. At present, bilateral relations consist primarily in United States aid to Vanuatu.
Country
Formal relations began
Notes
Australia
1940
See Australia–United States relations Australia and the United States have long been close and strategic allies and have traditionally been aligned with the Commonwealth of Nations. The two countries have a shared history, both have previously been British Colonies and many Americans flocked to the Australian goldfields in the 19th century. At the strategic level, the relationship really came to prominence in the Second World War, when the two nations worked extremely closely in the Pacific War against Japan, with General Douglas MacArthur undertaking his role as Supreme Allied Commander based in Australia, effectively having Australian troops and resources under his command. During this period, the cultural interaction between Australia and the United States were elevated to a higher level as over 1 million US military personnel moved through Australia during the course of the war. The relationship continued to evolve throughout the second half of the 20th century, and today now involves strong relationships at the executive and mid levels of government and the military, leading Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Kurt M. Campbell to declare that "in the last ten years, [Australia] has ascended to one of the closest one or two allies [of the US] on the planet". It was also strengthened its relationship with the United States as Britain's influence in Asia declined. At the governmental level, United States-Australia relations are formalized by the ANZUS treaty and the Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement.[citation needed]
Cook Islands
1995
See Cook Islands–United States relations The Cook Islands are an Associated State of New Zealand and has consular relations with the United States, in addition as early as 1980, the two sides signed the Cook Islands-United States Maritime Boundary Treaty. On September 25, 2023, the two sides established diplomatic relations.
Fiji
1971
See Fiji–United States relations Relations are currently steady since Fiji's elections in September 2014. The United States had opposed Fiji's unelected government, which came to power through a military coup in December 2006. The United States suspended $2.5 million in aid money pending a review of the situation, following the 2006 coup.
Kiribati
1980
See Kiribati–United States relations Relations between Kiribati and the United States are excellent. Kiribati signed a treaty of friendship with the United States after independence in 1979. The United States has no consular or diplomatic facilities in the country. Officers of the American Embassy in Suva, Fiji, are concurrently accredited to Kiribati and make periodic visits. The US Peace Corps maintained a program in Kiribati from 1974 to 2008.
Marshall Islands
1986
See Marshall Islands–United States relations The Marshall Islands is a sovereign nation in "free association" with the United States. The Marshall Islands and the United States maintain excellent relations. After more than a decade of negotiation, the Marshall Islands and the United States signed the Compact of Free Association on June 25, 1983. The Compact gives the US full authority and responsibility over defense of the Marshall Islands. The Marshall Islands and the United States both lay claim to Wake Island. The Compact that binds the Marshall Islands and the United States is the same one that binds the United States and the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau.
Federated States of Micronesia
1986
See Federated States of Micronesia–United States relations Reflecting a strong legacy of Trusteeship cooperation, over 25 US federal agencies continue to maintain programs in the FSM. The United States and the FSM share very strong relations. Under the Amended Compact, the US has full authority and responsibility for the defense of the FSM. This security relationship can be changed or terminated by mutual agreement. The Compact that binds the US and the FSM is the same one that binds the United States to the Marshall Islands and to Palau.
Nauru
1976
See Nauru–United States relations Relations between Nauru and the United States are complicated. While the new US ambassador to Fiji has promised Nauru assistance in economic development, there have been disagreements about Cuba and Foreign policy of the United States, and the United States does not have an embassy in Nauru; instead, the US embassy staff in Suva, Fiji make periodical visits.
New Zealand
1942
See New Zealand–United States relations United States-New Zealand relations are strong, but complex. The United States has historically assisted New Zealand in times of turmoil; for instance, during World War II, US bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and with the September 2010 Canterbury earthquake and the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake. New Zealand has reciprocated; for example, by participating in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. However, the United States suspended its mutual defense obligations to New Zealand because of the state's non-nuclear policies. In 1996, the United States under President Bill Clinton reinstated New Zealand's status from a 'friend' to an 'ally' by designating New Zealand as a major non-NATO ally. Despite disagreements between the two countries, the bilateral trade, security, and cultural relationship continued to flourish. New Zealand continued to play a supportive role in international conflicts in Somalia, Bosnia, and the Persian Gulf. New Zealand and the United States are close collaborators in the international intelligence alliance, Five Eyes, which is one of the most comprehensive known espionage alliances in history. Following the 9/11 attacks on the United States in 2001, New Zealand supported international counter-terrorism efforts and assisted the United States throughout the war in Afghanistan. Throughout the 2000s, the United States has remained New Zealand's fourth-largest trading partner and third-largest source of visitors.
Niue
25 September 2023
Niue is an Associated State of New Zealand. In 1997, the United States and Niue signed a maritime boundary treaty that included the following statement: "Prior to signing the treaty, the political status of Niue was addressed. Niue is in free association with New Zealand. On internal matters it is self-governing. Niue conducts its foreign affairs in conjunction with New Zealand. Niue has declared and does manage its exclusive economic zone. The United States requested, and received, confirmation from New Zealand that the Government of Niue had the competence to enter into this agreement with the United States." On September 25, 2023, the two sides established diplomatic relations.
Palau
1996
See Palau–United States relations On October 1, 1994, after five decades of US administration, the country of Palau became the last component of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to gain its independence. In 1978, Palau decided not to join the Federated States of Micronesia, due to culture and language differences, and instead sought independence. In 1986, the Compact of Free Association agreement between Palau and the United States was approved, paving the way for Palau's independence.
Papua New Guinea
1975
See Papua New Guinea–United States relations
Samoa
1962
Solomon Islands
1978
Tonga
1886; 1972
See Tonga–United States relations
Tuvalu
1978
See Tuvalu–United States relations Relations between the two countries are generally amicable, or neutral, but there have been notable disagreements regarding the issues of climate change and the Kyoto Protocol.
Vanuatu
1986
See United States–Vanuatu relations The United States and Vanuatu established diplomatic relations on September 30, 1986 - three months to the day after Vanuatu had established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Relations were often tense in the 1980s, under the prime ministership of Father Walter Lini in Vanuatu, but eased after that. At present, bilateral relations consist primarily in United States aid to Vanuatu.

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  118. "Egypt - Countries - Office of the Historian"
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  129. "Burundi - Countries - Office of the Historian"
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  130. "Cameroon - Countries - Office of the Historian"
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  131. "Cape Verde - Countries - Office of the Historian"
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  132. "Central African Republic - Countries - Office of the Historian"
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  139. "Eritrea - Countries - Office of the Historian"
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  155. "Namibia - Countries - Office of the Historian"
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