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Florida's 1st congressional district

Updated: Wikipedia source

Florida's 1st congressional district

Florida's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Florida, covering the state's western Panhandle. It includes all of Escambia, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa counties, and portions of Walton county. The district is anchored in Pensacola and also includes the large military bedroom communities and tourist destinations of Navarre and Fort Walton Beach and stretches along the Emerald Coast. The district was previously represented by Republican Matt Gaetz. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+18, it is the most Republican district in Florida. Due to the election to replace Matt Gaetz, who had resigned in 2024, the district held the 2025 special election between Jimmy Patronis (R) and Gay Valimont (D), Patronis was declared the winner shortly after polls closed. Although Valimont lost, she had flipped Escambia County, becoming the first Democrat to win the county since Earl Hutto in 1992. This was one of the two special elections on April 1, the other being in Florida's 6th congressional district. The elections had national attention in 2025. According to a report by NBC News, the two Democratic candidates in these elections have raised a combined $15.7 million as of March 21, 2025, and 75% of donations were in the range of $200 or less. According FEC filings, Valimont raised 6.5 million dollars.

Infobox

Representative
Jimmy PatronisR–Fort Walton Beach
Area
4,759 sq mi (12,330 km2)
Distribution
mw- 82.11% urban17.89% rural
Population (2024)
817,541
Median householdincome
$77,014
Ethnicity
69.4% White12.8% Black7.7% Hispanic6.1% Two or more races2.7% Asian1.2% other
Cook PVI
R 18

Tables

· Recent Statewide election results
2008
2008
Year
2008
Office
President
Results
McCain 67% - 32%
2010
2010
Year
2010
Office
Senate
Results
Rubio 65% - 13%
Governor
Governor
Year
Governor
Office
Scott 68% - 32%
Attorney General
Attorney General
Year
Attorney General
Office
Bondi 68% - 25%
Chief Financial Officer
Chief Financial Officer
Year
Chief Financial Officer
Office
Atwater 68% - 25%
2012
2012
Year
2012
Office
President
Results
Romney 69% - 31%
Senate
Senate
Year
Senate
Office
Mack IV 63% - 37%
2014
2014
Year
2014
Office
Governor
Results
Scott 73% - 27%
2016
2016
Year
2016
Office
President
Results
Trump 66% - 28%
Senate
Senate
Year
Senate
Office
Rubio 70% - 26%
2018
2018
Year
2018
Office
Senate
Results
Scott 67% - 32%
Governor
Governor
Year
Governor
Office
DeSantis 67% - 32%
Attorney General
Attorney General
Year
Attorney General
Office
Moody 69% - 29%
Chief Financial Officer
Chief Financial Officer
Year
Chief Financial Officer
Office
Patronis 69% - 31%
2020
2020
Year
2020
Office
President
Results
Trump 65% - 33%
2022
2022
Year
2022
Office
Senate
Results
Rubio 72% - 27%
Governor
Governor
Year
Governor
Office
DeSantis 73% - 26%
Attorney General
Attorney General
Year
Attorney General
Office
Moody 74% - 26%
Chief Financial Officer
Chief Financial Officer
Year
Chief Financial Officer
Office
Patronis 73% - 27%
2024
2024
Year
2024
Office
President
Results
Trump 68% - 31%
Senate
Senate
Year
Senate
Office
Scott 69% - 29%
Year
Office
Results
2008
President
McCain 67% - 32%
2010
Senate
Rubio 65% - 13%
Governor
Scott 68% - 32%
Attorney General
Bondi 68% - 25%
Chief Financial Officer
Atwater 68% - 25%
2012
President
Romney 69% - 31%
Senate
Mack IV 63% - 37%
2014
Governor
Scott 73% - 27%
2016
President
Trump 66% - 28%
Senate
Rubio 70% - 26%
2018
Senate
Scott 67% - 32%
Governor
DeSantis 67% - 32%
Attorney General
Moody 69% - 29%
Chief Financial Officer
Patronis 69% - 31%
2020
President
Trump 65% - 33%
2022
Senate
Rubio 72% - 27%
Governor
DeSantis 73% - 26%
Attorney General
Moody 74% - 26%
Chief Financial Officer
Patronis 73% - 27%
2024
President
Trump 68% - 31%
Senate
Scott 69% - 29%
· List of members representing the district
District created March 4, 1875
District created March 4, 1875
Member(Residence)
District created March 4, 1875
William J. Purman(Tallahassee)
William J. Purman(Tallahassee)
Member(Residence)
William J. Purman(Tallahassee)
Party
Republican
Years
March 4, 1875 –March 3, 1877
Congress
44th
Electoral history
Elected in 1874.Lost re-election.
District location
1875-1883[data missing]
Robert H. M. Davidson(Quincy)
Robert H. M. Davidson(Quincy)
Member(Residence)
Robert H. M. Davidson(Quincy)
Party
Democratic
Years
March 4, 1877 –March 3, 1891
Congress
45th46th47th48th49th50th51st
Electoral history
Elected in 1876.Re-elected in 1878.Re-elected in 1880.Re-elected in 1882.Re-elected in 1884.Re-elected in 1886.Re-elected in 1888.Lost re-election.
1883-1893[data missing]
1883-1893[data missing]
Member(Residence)
1883-1893[data missing]
Stephen R. Mallory(Pensacola)
Stephen R. Mallory(Pensacola)
Member(Residence)
Stephen R. Mallory(Pensacola)
Party
Democratic
Years
March 4, 1891 –March 3, 1895
Congress
52nd53rd
Electoral history
Elected in 1890.Re-elected in 1892.Retired.
1893-1903[data missing]
1893-1903[data missing]
Member(Residence)
1893-1903[data missing]
Stephen M. Sparkman(Tampa)
Stephen M. Sparkman(Tampa)
Member(Residence)
Stephen M. Sparkman(Tampa)
Party
Democratic
Years
March 4, 1895 –March 3, 1917
Congress
54th55th56th57th58th59th60th61st62nd63rd64th
Electoral history
Elected in 1894.Re-elected in 1896.Re-elected in 1898.Re-elected in 1900.Re-elected in 1902.Re-elected in 1904.Re-elected in 1906.Re-elected in 1908.Re-elected in 1910.Re-elected in 1912.Re-elected in 1914.Retired.
1903-1913[data missing]
1903-1913[data missing]
Member(Residence)
1903-1913[data missing]
1913-1933[data missing]
1913-1933[data missing]
Member(Residence)
1913-1933[data missing]
Herbert J. Drane(Lakeland)
Herbert J. Drane(Lakeland)
Member(Residence)
Herbert J. Drane(Lakeland)
Party
Democratic
Years
March 4, 1917 –March 3, 1933
Congress
65th66th67th68th69th70th71st72nd
Electoral history
Elected in 1916.Re-elected in 1918.Re-elected in 1920.Re-elected in 1922.Re-elected in 1924.Re-elected in 1926.Re-elected in 1928.Re-elected in 1930.Lost renomination.
J. Hardin Peterson(Lakeland)
J. Hardin Peterson(Lakeland)
Member(Residence)
J. Hardin Peterson(Lakeland)
Party
Democratic
Years
March 4, 1933 –January 3, 1951
Congress
73rd74th75th76th77th78th79th80th81st
Electoral history
Elected in 1932.Re-elected in 1934.Re-elected in 1936.Re-elected in 1938.Re-elected in 1940.Re-elected in 1942.Re-elected in 1944.Re-elected in 1946.Re-elected in 1948.Retired.
District location
1933-1943[data missing]
1943-1953[data missing]
1943-1953[data missing]
Member(Residence)
1943-1953[data missing]
Chester B. McMullen(Clearwater)
Chester B. McMullen(Clearwater)
Member(Residence)
Chester B. McMullen(Clearwater)
Party
Democratic
Years
January 3, 1951 –January 3, 1953
Congress
82nd
Electoral history
Elected in 1950.Retired.
Courtney W. Campbell(Clearwater)
Courtney W. Campbell(Clearwater)
Member(Residence)
Courtney W. Campbell(Clearwater)
Party
Democratic
Years
January 3, 1953 –January 3, 1955
Congress
83rd
Electoral history
Elected in 1952.Lost re-election.
District location
1953-1963[data missing]
William C. Cramer(St. Petersburg)
William C. Cramer(St. Petersburg)
Member(Residence)
William C. Cramer(St. Petersburg)
Party
Republican
Years
January 3, 1955 –January 3, 1963
Congress
84th85th86th87th
Electoral history
Elected in 1954.Re-elected in 1956.Re-elected in 1958.Re-elected in 1960.Redistricted to the 12th district.
Bob Sikes(Crestview)
Bob Sikes(Crestview)
Member(Residence)
Bob Sikes(Crestview)
Party
Democratic
Years
January 3, 1963 –January 3, 1979
Congress
88th89th90th91st92nd93rd94th95th
Electoral history
Redistricted from the 3rd district and re-elected in 1962.Re-elected in 1964.Re-elected in 1966.Re-elected in 1968.Re-elected in 1970.Re-elected in 1972.Re-elected in 1974.Re-elected in 1976.Retired.
District location
1963-1973[data missing]
1973-1983[data missing]
1973-1983[data missing]
Member(Residence)
1973-1983[data missing]
Earl Hutto(Pensacola)
Earl Hutto(Pensacola)
Member(Residence)
Earl Hutto(Pensacola)
Party
Democratic
Years
January 3, 1979 –January 3, 1995
Congress
96th97th98th99th100th101st102nd103rd
Electoral history
Elected in 1978.Re-elected in 1980.Re-elected in 1982.Re-elected in 1984.Re-elected in 1986.Re-elected in 1988.Re-elected in 1990.Re-elected in 1992.Retired.
1983-1993[data missing]
1983-1993[data missing]
Member(Residence)
1983-1993[data missing]
1993-2003[data missing]
1993-2003[data missing]
Member(Residence)
1993-2003[data missing]
Joe Scarborough(Pensacola)
Joe Scarborough(Pensacola)
Member(Residence)
Joe Scarborough(Pensacola)
Party
Republican
Years
January 3, 1995 –September 5, 2001
Congress
104th105th106th107th
Electoral history
Elected in 1994.Re-elected in 1996.Re-elected in 1998.Re-elected in 2000.Resigned.
Vacant
Vacant
Member(Residence)
Vacant
Party
September 5, 2001 –October 16, 2001
Years
107th
Jeff Miller(Chumuckla)
Jeff Miller(Chumuckla)
Member(Residence)
Jeff Miller(Chumuckla)
Party
Republican
Years
October 16, 2001 –January 3, 2017
Congress
107th108th109th110th111th112th113th114th
Electoral history
Elected to finish Scarborough's term.Re-elected in 2002.Re-elected in 2004.Re-elected in 2006.Re-elected in 2008.Re-elected in 2010.Re-elected in 2012.Re-elected in 2014.Retired.
2003-2013
2003-2013
Member(Residence)
2003-2013
2013–2023
2013–2023
Member(Residence)
2013–2023
Matt Gaetz(Niceville)
Matt Gaetz(Niceville)
Member(Residence)
Matt Gaetz(Niceville)
Party
Republican
Years
January 3, 2017 –November 13, 2024
Congress
115th116th117th118th
Electoral history
Elected in 2016.Re-elected in 2018.Re-elected in 2020.Re-elected in 2022.Re-elected in 2024, but resigned in expectation of nomination as US Attorney General.
2023–present
2023–present
Member(Residence)
2023–present
Vacant
Vacant
Member(Residence)
Vacant
Party
November 13, 2024 –April 2, 2025
Years
118th119th
Congress
Gaetz withdrew from consideration as Attorney General but declined to be seated.
Jimmy Patronis(Fort Walton Beach)
Jimmy Patronis(Fort Walton Beach)
Member(Residence)
Jimmy Patronis(Fort Walton Beach)
Party
Republican
Years
April 2, 2025 –present
Congress
119th
Electoral history
Elected to finish Gaetz's term.
Member(Residence)
Party
Years
Congress
Electoral history
District location
District created March 4, 1875
William J. Purman(Tallahassee)
Republican
March 4, 1875 –March 3, 1877
44th
Elected in 1874.Lost re-election.
1875-1883[data missing]
Robert H. M. Davidson(Quincy)
Democratic
March 4, 1877 –March 3, 1891
45th46th47th48th49th50th51st
Elected in 1876.Re-elected in 1878.Re-elected in 1880.Re-elected in 1882.Re-elected in 1884.Re-elected in 1886.Re-elected in 1888.Lost re-election.
1883-1893[data missing]
Stephen R. Mallory(Pensacola)
Democratic
March 4, 1891 –March 3, 1895
52nd53rd
Elected in 1890.Re-elected in 1892.Retired.
1893-1903[data missing]
Stephen M. Sparkman(Tampa)
Democratic
March 4, 1895 –March 3, 1917
54th55th56th57th58th59th60th61st62nd63rd64th
Elected in 1894.Re-elected in 1896.Re-elected in 1898.Re-elected in 1900.Re-elected in 1902.Re-elected in 1904.Re-elected in 1906.Re-elected in 1908.Re-elected in 1910.Re-elected in 1912.Re-elected in 1914.Retired.
1903-1913[data missing]
1913-1933[data missing]
Herbert J. Drane(Lakeland)
Democratic
March 4, 1917 –March 3, 1933
65th66th67th68th69th70th71st72nd
Elected in 1916.Re-elected in 1918.Re-elected in 1920.Re-elected in 1922.Re-elected in 1924.Re-elected in 1926.Re-elected in 1928.Re-elected in 1930.Lost renomination.
J. Hardin Peterson(Lakeland)
Democratic
March 4, 1933 –January 3, 1951
73rd74th75th76th77th78th79th80th81st
Elected in 1932.Re-elected in 1934.Re-elected in 1936.Re-elected in 1938.Re-elected in 1940.Re-elected in 1942.Re-elected in 1944.Re-elected in 1946.Re-elected in 1948.Retired.
1933-1943[data missing]
1943-1953[data missing]
Chester B. McMullen(Clearwater)
Democratic
January 3, 1951 –January 3, 1953
82nd
Elected in 1950.Retired.
Courtney W. Campbell(Clearwater)
Democratic
January 3, 1953 –January 3, 1955
83rd
Elected in 1952.Lost re-election.
1953-1963[data missing]
William C. Cramer(St. Petersburg)
Republican
January 3, 1955 –January 3, 1963
84th85th86th87th
Elected in 1954.Re-elected in 1956.Re-elected in 1958.Re-elected in 1960.Redistricted to the 12th district.
Bob Sikes(Crestview)
Democratic
January 3, 1963 –January 3, 1979
88th89th90th91st92nd93rd94th95th
Redistricted from the 3rd district and re-elected in 1962.Re-elected in 1964.Re-elected in 1966.Re-elected in 1968.Re-elected in 1970.Re-elected in 1972.Re-elected in 1974.Re-elected in 1976.Retired.
1963-1973[data missing]
1973-1983[data missing]
Earl Hutto(Pensacola)
Democratic
January 3, 1979 –January 3, 1995
96th97th98th99th100th101st102nd103rd
Elected in 1978.Re-elected in 1980.Re-elected in 1982.Re-elected in 1984.Re-elected in 1986.Re-elected in 1988.Re-elected in 1990.Re-elected in 1992.Retired.
1983-1993[data missing]
1993-2003[data missing]
Joe Scarborough(Pensacola)
Republican
January 3, 1995 –September 5, 2001
104th105th106th107th
Elected in 1994.Re-elected in 1996.Re-elected in 1998.Re-elected in 2000.Resigned.
Vacant
September 5, 2001 –October 16, 2001
107th
Jeff Miller(Chumuckla)
Republican
October 16, 2001 –January 3, 2017
107th108th109th110th111th112th113th114th
Elected to finish Scarborough's term.Re-elected in 2002.Re-elected in 2004.Re-elected in 2006.Re-elected in 2008.Re-elected in 2010.Re-elected in 2012.Re-elected in 2014.Retired.
2003-2013
2013–2023
Matt Gaetz(Niceville)
Republican
January 3, 2017 –November 13, 2024
115th116th117th118th
Elected in 2016.Re-elected in 2018.Re-elected in 2020.Re-elected in 2022.Re-elected in 2024, but resigned in expectation of nomination as US Attorney General.
2023–present
Vacant
November 13, 2024 –April 2, 2025
118th119th
Gaetz withdrew from consideration as Attorney General but declined to be seated.
Jimmy Patronis(Fort Walton Beach)
Republican
April 2, 2025 –present
119th
Elected to finish Gaetz's term.
Florida's 1st congressional district special election, 2001[11] · Recent election results › 2001 (special)
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
81,071
Candidate
100.00
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Jeff Miller
53,547
65.68
Democratic
Steve Briese
22,695
27.99
Independent
John G. Ralls Jr.
5,115
6.31
Write-ins
14
0.02
Total votes
81,071
100.00
Republican hold
Florida's 1st Congressional District election (2002) · Recent election results › 2002
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
204,626
Candidate
100%
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Jeff Miller (incumbent)
152,635
75%
Democratic
Bert Oram
51,972
25%
No party
Others
19
0.01
Total votes
204,626
100%
Turnout
Republican hold
Florida's 1st Congressional District election (2004) · Recent election results › 2004
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
309,110
Candidate
100%
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Jeff Miller (incumbent)
236,604
77%
Democratic
Mark S. Coutu
72,506
23%
Total votes
309,110
100%
Turnout
Republican hold
Florida's 1st Congressional District election (2006) · Recent election results › 2006
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
198,126
Candidate
100%
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Jeff Miller (incumbent)
135,786
69%
No party
Joe Roberts
62,340
31%
Total votes
198,126
100%
Turnout
Republican hold
Florida's 1st Congressional District election (2008) · Recent election results › 2008
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
331,356
Candidate
100%
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Jeff Miller (incumbent)
232,559
70%
Democratic
James E. Bryan
98,797
30%
Total votes
331,356
100%
Turnout
Republican hold
Florida's 1st Congressional District election (2010) · Recent election results › 2010
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
213,526
Candidate
100%
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Jeff Miller (incumbent)
170,821
80%
Independent
Joe Cantrell
23,250
11%
Independent
John E. Krause
18,253
9%
No party
Others
1,202
0.56%
Total votes
213,526
100%
Turnout
Republican hold
Florida's 1st Congressional District election (2012) · Recent election results › 2012
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
342,594
Candidate
100%
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Jeff Miller (incumbent)
238,440
70%
Democratic
James E. Bryan
92,961
27%
Libertarian
Calen Fretts
11,176
3%
No party
William Cleave Drummond II
17
0.0%
Total votes
342,594
100%
Turnout
Republican hold
Florida's 1st Congressional District election (2014) · Recent election results › 2014
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
235,343
Candidate
100%
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Jeff Miller (incumbent)
165,086
70%
Democratic
James E. Bryan
54,976
23%
No party
Mark Wichern
15,281
7%
Total votes
235,343
100%
Turnout
Republican hold
Florida's 1st Congressional District election (2016) · Recent election results › 2016
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
369,186
Candidate
100%
Turnout
Turnout
Party
Turnout
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Matt Gaetz
255,107
69%
Democratic
Steven Specht
114,079
31%
Total votes
369,186
100%
Turnout
Republican hold
Florida's 1st Congressional District election (2018) · Recent election results › 2018
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
322,388
Candidate
100%
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Matt Gaetz (incumbent)
216,189
67.06%
Democratic
Jennifer M. Zimmerman
106,199
32.94%
Total votes
322,388
100%
Republican hold
2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida · Recent election results › 2020
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
438,532
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Matt Gaetz (incumbent)
283,352
64.61%
Democratic
Phil Ehr
149,172
34.01%
Independent
Albert Oram
6,038
1.38%
Total votes
438,532
100.0
Republican hold
2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida · Recent election results › 2022
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
290,816
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Matt Gaetz (incumbent)
197,349
67.86%
Democratic
Rebekah Jones
93,467
32.13%
Total votes
290,816
100.0
Republican hold
2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida · Recent election results › 2024
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
414,904
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Matt Gaetz (incumbent)
274,023
66.00%
Democratic
Gay Valimont
140,881
34.0%
Total votes
414,904
100.0
Republican hold
Florida's 1st Congressional District Election (Special) · Recent election results › 2025 (Special)
Total votes
Total votes
Party
Total votes
Party
169,639
Candidate
100.0
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican
Jimmy Patronis
97,335
56.91%
Democratic
Gay Valimont
72,304
42.28%
Total votes
169,639
100.0
Republican hold

References

  1. "Congressional Plan--SC14-1905 (Ordered by The Florida Supreme Court, 2-December-2015)"
    https://www.flsenate.gov/usercontent/session/redistricting/map_and_stats_11x17v5b_sc14-1905.pdf
  2. "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (State-based)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130402141525/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html
  3. www.census.gov
    https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=12&cd=01
  4. Cook Political Report
    https://www.cookpolitical.com/cook-pvi/2025-partisan-voting-index/district-map-and-list
  5. firstcoastnews.com
    https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/politics/democrat-gay-valimont-flips-stronghold-escambia-county/77-7e5c5092-d098-4cff-bbe9-3de4ea48aff3
  6. Florida Politics - Campaigns & Elections. Lobbying & Government
    https://floridapolitics.com/archives/727527-early-voting-kicks-off-in-special-elections-to-replace-matt-gaetz-and-michael-waltz/
  7. NBC News
    https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/democrats-raise-millions-florida-special-elections-trump-territory-rcna197311
  8. FEC.gov
    https://www.fec.gov/data/elections/house/FL/01/2026/
  9. "Dra 2020"
    https://davesredistricting.org/maps#viewmap::3a6791b9-a186-4691-a95c-5d51dbb3be1c
  10. https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/cong_dist/cd118/cd_based/ST12/CD118_FL01.
    https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/cong_dist/cd118/cd_based/ST12/CD118_FL01.
  11. "October 16, 2001 Special General, Congress 1 & House 1"
    https://results.elections.myflorida.com/DetailRpt.Asp?ELECTIONDATE=10/16/2001&RACE=USR&PARTY=&DIST=001&GRP=&DATAMODE=
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