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Flag of Europe

Updated: Wikipedia source

Flag of Europe

The flag of Europe or European flag consists of twelve golden stars forming a circle on a blue field. It was designed and adopted in 1955 by the Council of Europe (CoE) as a symbol for the whole of Europe. Since 1985, the flag has also been a symbol of the European Union (EU), whose 27 member states are all also CoE members, although in that year the EU had not yet assumed its present name or constitutional form (which came in steps in 1993 and 2009). Adoption by the EU, or EC as it then was, reflected a long-standing CoE desire to see the flag used by other European organisations. Official EU use widened greatly in the 1990s. Nevertheless, the flag has to date received no status in any of the EU's treaties. Its adoption as an official symbol was planned as part of the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe but this failed to be ratified. Mention of the flag was removed in 2007 from the text of the Treaty of Lisbon, which was ratified. On the other hand, 16 EU members that year, plus France in 2017, have officially affirmed (by Declaration No. 5224) their attachment to the flag as an EU symbol. The flag is used by other European entities, such as unified golf teams under the rubric Team Europe.

Infobox

Use
Symbol of Europe Union flag representing the EU (27 members) Council flag representing the Council of Europe (46 members)
Proportion
2:3
Adopted
9 December 1955 (CoE)29 June 1985 (EEC)
Design
A circle of twelve five-pointed yellow stars on a blue field.

Tables

· Specifications
Pantone
Pantone
Col 1
Pantone
Azure
Reflex Blue
Gold
Yellow
RGB
RGB
Col 1
RGB
Azure
#003399
Gold
#FFCC00
CMYK
CMYK
Col 1
CMYK
Azure
100.80.0.0
Gold
0.21.100.0
Azure
Gold
Pantone
Reflex Blue
Yellow
RGB
CMYK
100.80.0.0
0.21.100.0
· Specifications
Pantone
Pantone
Col 1
Pantone
Azure
PMS 287
Gold
PMS 116
RGB
RGB
Col 1
RGB
Azure
#1E448A
Gold
#FDCB0B
CMYK
CMYK
Col 1
CMYK
Azure
100.67.0.40
Gold
0.20.100.0
Azure
Gold
Pantone
PMS 287
PMS 116
RGB
CMYK
100.67.0.40
0.20.100.0
Alternative proposals · Adoption and usage › 1950–present: Council of Europe
Flag
Date
Designer
Description
Sources
1920
Unknown
Obverse and reverse of the European flag proposed in an anonymous pan-European brochure from 1920.
1930
Unknown
Anonymous sketch flag for the United States of Europe
23 August 1949
Camille Manné
Flag proposal by Camille Manné, a Strasbourg Citizen, which incorporated all the colours of the European flags, made by doing a statistical analysis of the colours of the European flags. Its design is in the form of four horizontal stripes, blue, green, yellow and black, and a chevron horizontally divided in red and white adjacent to the hoist. The chevron also has the colours of Strasbourg.
5 June 1950
Coudenhove-Kalergi
The count Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi proposed to Jacques-Camille Paris, Secretary General of the European Council, about using the Paneuropean movement flag.
15 July 1951
Martin-Levy
One of the curators of the Strasbourg Museum and member of the Secretariat-General, Martin-Levy, proposed a white ground with a green cross bearing in the centre the coat-of-arms of the Town of Strasbourg. The cross is shifted slightly towards the hoist in the manner of Scandinavian flags.
Coudenhove-Kalergi
The Count Coudenhove-Kalergi proposed a white flag bearing a red symmetrical cross, also known as the flag of St. George.
Prince de Schwarzenberg
The Prince de Schwarzenberg proposed that the "first European symbol", the labarum of Constantine, should be adopted. A red flag with a yellow symmetrical cross.
Lucien Philippe
Fifteen five-pointed green stars in three rows on a white ground.
Louis Wirion
Louis Wirion, Luxembourg expert in heraldry, proposed a design based on the Martin-Levy proposal, reversing the colours and doing away with the Strasbourg coat of arms. However he agreed that the white ground should be left with a green cross provided the Strasbourg coat of arms at the centre was only used for the pennants of Council personages and flags flown on Council buildings, and omitted in all other cases.
Sommier of Neuilly
Sommier proposed a design based in the European Movement flag, with a green "E" detached from the hoist over a white ground.
Alwin Mondon.
Alwin Mondon, a cartographer of Bad Godesberg, proposed a white triangle, symbol of culture, on various fields.
Another Mondon project.
Another Mondon project using fleur-de-lis.
Muller of Wiesbaden
Muller of Wiesbaden proposed a red flag bearing the word "Europa" in gold lettering, with a golden sun and a white hand making the sign of the oath.
Harmignies
Harmignies suggested creating a new heraldic device: a Cross of Europe. This cross would consist of four "E"s backed on to a square. He proposed a flag consisting of a green Cross of Europe on a white ground.
Poucher
Poucher proposed a federal flag which was virtually the reverse of the flag of the United States of America, with blue bands and a red quarter in one corner.
H.C.?
proposed a horizontally-divided blue-red flag, the upper blue and the lower red. This is the international code sign of the letter "E". Furthermore, these two colours also correspond to those generally adopted by the right and left wing parties respectively.
26 September 1951
Coudenhove-Kalergi
A slight variation of the Paneuropean movement flag that the count Cudenhove-Kalergi proposed but later verbally expressed his intention of withdrawing his proposal.
J. E. Dylan
In January 1951 J.E.Dylan proposed on a letter this and other flag with the Star of Liberation surrounded by stars (one for each union member). He also proposed these two designs to have a blue background. The council put forward this proposal, which had a green flag with a white and red Star of Liberation, and the Strasbourg coat of arms on the upper left-hand corner. The star in a circle was in 1944-5 the insignia of the armies of Liberation.
Unknown
A similar design to Louis Wirion's flag proposal, but the cross is symmetrical. This design was proposed by those who believed that a green cross on a white background would be too easily soiled.
Unknown
A white Cross of St. Andrew over a green ground. The cross represents one of the oldest and most popular European emblems which has appeared in the case of the Cross of Burgundy, emblem of the "Grand Duchy of the West".
15 October 1951
Arsène Heitz
Arsène Heitz proposed a green flag, colour of Charlemagne's standard which the Pope Leo III gave to him at his coronation, and a red cross fimbriated in yellow. Red depicts the bloodshed in fratricidal struggles and yellow being the colour of the Pope and Christianity.
Arsène Heitz
Slight variation of the Cross of St.George, with the heart of the cross located closer to the hoist, in the style of the Nordic Cross. Probably inspired or derived from Count Coudenhove-Kalergi's proposal, so that it wasn't a replica of England's flag.
1 December 1951
Salvador de Madariaga
Salvador de Madariaga chose to depict each capital of the member states at that time with a star. The bigger star depicted Strasbourg. Stars were chosen as they depicted the country, but without the need of frontiers. Furthermore, they were eight-pointed depicting the eight chief directions of the compass.
5 January 1952
Arsène Heitz
A green standard, colour of Charlemagne's standard, with a red cross fimbriated with gold. Each member state, when using the flag, could insert their coat of arms in the heart of the cross.
12 May 1952
Paul Levy
Turkey objected to the Paneuropean proposal due to the fact that there was Christian representation with the red cross, but no Islamic representation. Therefore, Paul Levy proposed adding a small crescent at one of the upper corners of the sun in the flag.
15 November 1952
Arsène Heitz
Set of European flags which start to resemble more the actual flag of the EU. They show circles of yellow five-pointed stars on a blue field. Heitz, as in his previous January proposal, he suggested that each member state could add its own flag to the design.
25 September 1953
Members of the Council of Europe
Fifteen golden five-pointed stars in a circle representing union, over a blue (azure) background. (on the official documents, "sky-blue" does not refer to the shade, but to the symbolism of the colour. The French translation, the heraldic description and hatching pattern, and colour illustrations make it clear that the background was azure (blue) and not light blue.)
12 November 1954
Arsène Heitz
Blue flag with a yellow eight-pointed star in a red circle. The design is probably inspired in the Paneuropean flag, but instead of having a yellow cross, the shape of a compass rose is added to represent all of Europe.
25 December 1954
Blue flag with a red and white eight-pointed compass rose in the middle, probably chosen so that all member states felt represented.
11 September 1955
Blue flag with a star in the middle surrounded by twelve secondary stars. This is the most similar flag to the current one, with 12 stars instead of 15, and a star in the middle to probably represent Strasbourg or union.
9 December 1955
Committee of European Ministers
Blue field with a five-pointed 12-star circle

References

  1. Alternatively, it is sometimes called the flag of the European Union when representing the EU. The name "flag of the Eur
    http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/98022l.htm
  2. Some flags were proposed on several occasions. Therefore, the dates shown are the oldest dates on which the flag was fir
  3. Most of the documents sourced are from the Council of Europe webpage. Furthermore, some reconstructions were assisted by
  4. Probably Louis Wirion, who had already talked about reverting the colours in his first proposal.
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