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Euromaidan

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Euromaidan

Euromaidan (; Ukrainian: Євромайдан, romanized: Yevromaidan, IPA: [ˌjɛu̯romɐjˈdɑn], lit. 'Euro Square'), or the Maidan Uprising, was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on 21 November 2013 with large protests in Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square) in Kyiv. The protests were sparked by President Viktor Yanukovych's sudden decision not to sign the European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement, instead choosing closer ties to Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union. Ukraine's parliament had overwhelmingly approved of finalizing the Agreement with the EU, but Russia had put pressure on Ukraine to reject it. The scope of the protests widened, with calls for the resignation of Yanukovych and the Azarov government. Protesters opposed what they saw as widespread government corruption, abuse of power, human rights violations, and the influence of oligarchs. Transparency International named Yanukovych as the top example of corruption in the world. The violent dispersal of protesters on 30 November caused further anger. Euromaidan was the largest democratic mass movement in Europe since 1989 and led to the 2014 Revolution of Dignity. During the uprising, Independence Square (Maidan) in Kyiv was a huge protest camp occupied by thousands of protesters and protected by makeshift barricades. It had kitchens, first aid posts and broadcasting facilities, as well as stages for speeches, lectures, debates and performances. It was guarded by 'Maidan Self-Defense' units made up of volunteers in improvised uniform and helmets, carrying shields and armed with sticks, stones and petrol bombs. Protests were also held in many other parts of Ukraine. In Kyiv, there were clashes with police on 1 December; and police assaulted the camp on 11 December. Protests increased from mid-January, in response to the government introducing draconian anti-protest laws. There were deadly clashes on Hrushevsky Street on 19–22 January. Protesters then occupied government buildings in many regions of Ukraine. The uprising climaxed on 18–20 February, when fierce fighting in Kyiv between Maidan activists and police resulted in the deaths of almost 100 protesters and 13 police. As a result, Yanukovych and the parliamentary opposition signed an agreement on 21 February to bring about an interim unity government, constitutional reforms and early elections. Police abandoned central Kyiv that afternoon, then Yanukovych and other government ministers fled the city that evening. The next day, parliament removed Yanukovych from office and installed an interim government. The Revolution of Dignity was soon followed by the Russian annexation of Crimea and pro-Russian unrest in Eastern Ukraine, eventually escalating into the Russo-Ukrainian War.

Infobox

Date
21 November 2013 (2013-11-21) – 22 February 2014 (3 months and 1 day)
Location
Ukraine, primarily Maidan Nezalezhnosti in Kyiv
Caused by
Main catalyst: Decision by the government not to sign the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement Other factors: Russian foreign policy and threat of Russian trade sanctions Government corruption Police brutality Increasingly authoritarian presidency of Viktor Yanukovych
Goals
Signing of the EU Association Agreement and Free Trade Agreement Impeachment of President Viktor Yanukovych Snap elections Re-adoption of the 2004 Constitution of Ukraine amendments International sanctions against Yanukovych and Azarov government members Rejection of Eurasian Customs Union membership
Methods
Demonstrations, civil disobedience, civil resistance, hacktivism, occupation of administrative buildings[nb 1]
Resulted in
Full results Revolution of Dignity Removal of President Viktor Yanukovych from office Collapse of relations with Russia Outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War Transitioned into demonstrations for "United Ukraine" by 20th February after the 2014 Russian invasion and annexation of Crimea by Russia Return of 2004 constitution Oleksandr Turchynov becomes Acting President Early presidential election Implementation and subsequent cancellation of laws restricting civil liberties Former Ukrainian prime minister and opposition leader, Yulia Tymoshenko, freed from jail. Occupation of local governments Banning of Party of Regions by local governments under control of anti-government activists[nb 2] Resignation of Prime Minister Mykola Azarov (President Yanukovych offers opposition the position of Prime Minister of Ukraine) Amnesty to detained protesters, in exchange for surrendering all occupied buildings and streets ("The Hostage Laws") Decommunization in Ukraine Lustration in Ukraine The new Government of Ukraine resumed preparations in signing of the EU Association treaty.

Tables

· Timeline of the events › Protests across Ukraine
City
City
Col 1
City
Col 2
Peak attendees
Col 3
Date
Col 4
Ref.
Kyiv
Kyiv
Col 1
Kyiv
Col 2
400,000–800,000
Col 3
1 Dec
Lviv
Lviv
Col 1
Lviv
Col 2
50,000
Col 3
1 Dec
Kharkiv
Kharkiv
Col 1
Kharkiv
Col 2
30,000
Col 3
22 Feb
Cherkasy
Cherkasy
Col 1
Cherkasy
Col 2
20,000
Col 3
23 Jan
Ternopil
Ternopil
Col 1
Ternopil
Col 2
20,000+
Col 3
8 Dec
Dnipropetrovsk (now Dnipro)
Dnipropetrovsk (now Dnipro)
Col 1
Dnipropetrovsk (now Dnipro)
Col 2
15,000
Col 3
2 Mar
Ivano-Frankivsk
Ivano-Frankivsk
Col 1
Ivano-Frankivsk
Col 2
10,000+
Col 3
8 Dec
Lutsk
Lutsk
Col 1
Lutsk
Col 2
8,000
Col 3
1 Dec
Sumy
Sumy
Col 1
Sumy
Col 2
10,000
Col 3
2 Mar
Poltava
Poltava
Col 1
Poltava
Col 2
10,000
Col 3
24 Jan
Donetsk
Donetsk
Col 1
Donetsk
Col 2
10,000
Col 3
5 Mar
Zaporizhzhia
Zaporizhzhia
Col 1
Zaporizhzhia
Col 2
10,000
Col 3
26 Jan
Chernivtsi
Chernivtsi
Col 1
Chernivtsi
Col 2
4,000–5,000
Col 3
1 Dec
Simferopol
Simferopol
Col 1
Simferopol
Col 2
5,000+
Col 3
23 Feb
Rivne
Rivne
Col 1
Rivne
Col 2
4,000–8,000
Col 3
2 Dec
Mykolaiv
Mykolaiv
Col 1
Mykolaiv
Col 2
10,000
Col 3
2 Mar
Mukacheve
Mukacheve
Col 1
Mukacheve
Col 2
3,000
Col 3
24 Nov
Odesa
Odesa
Col 1
Odesa
Col 2
10,000
Col 3
2 Mar
Khmelnytskyi
Khmelnytskyi
Col 1
Khmelnytskyi
Col 2
8,000
Col 3
24 Jan
Bila Tserkva
Bila Tserkva
Col 1
Bila Tserkva
Col 2
2,000+
Col 3
24 Jan
Sambir
Sambir
Col 1
Sambir
Col 2
2,000+
Col 3
1 Dec
Vinnytsia
Vinnytsia
Col 1
Vinnytsia
Col 2
5,000
Col 3
8 Dec 22 Jan
Zhytomyr
Zhytomyr
Col 1
Zhytomyr
Col 2
2,000
Col 3
23 Jan
Kirovohrad
Kirovohrad
Col 1
Kirovohrad
Col 2
1,000
Col 3
8 Dec 24 Jan
Kryvyi Rih
Kryvyi Rih
Col 1
Kryvyi Rih
Col 2
1,000
Col 3
1 Dec
Luhansk
Luhansk
Col 1
Luhansk
Col 2
1,000
Col 3
8 Dec
Uzhhorod
Uzhhorod
Col 1
Uzhhorod
Col 2
1,000
Col 3
24 Jan
Drohobych
Drohobych
Col 1
Drohobych
Col 2
500–800
Col 3
25 Nov
Kherson
Kherson
Col 1
Kherson
Col 2
2,500
Col 3
3 Mar
Mariupol
Mariupol
Col 1
Mariupol
Col 2
400
Col 3
26 Jan
Chernihiv
Chernihiv
Col 1
Chernihiv
Col 2
150–200
Col 3
22 Nov
Izmail
Izmail
Col 1
Izmail
Col 2
150
Col 3
22 Feb
Vasylkiv
Vasylkiv
Col 1
Vasylkiv
Col 2
70
Col 3
4 Dec
Yalta
Yalta
Col 1
Yalta
Col 2
50
Col 3
20 Feb
City
Peak attendees
Date
Ref.
Kyiv
400,000–800,000
1 Dec
Lviv
50,000
1 Dec
Kharkiv
30,000
22 Feb
Cherkasy
20,000
23 Jan
Ternopil
20,000+
8 Dec
Dnipropetrovsk (now Dnipro)
15,000
2 Mar
Ivano-Frankivsk
10,000+
8 Dec
Lutsk
8,000
1 Dec
Sumy
10,000
2 Mar
Poltava
10,000
24 Jan
Donetsk
10,000
5 Mar
Zaporizhzhia
10,000
26 Jan
Chernivtsi
4,000–5,000
1 Dec
Simferopol
5,000+
23 Feb
Rivne
4,000–8,000
2 Dec
Mykolaiv
10,000
2 Mar
Mukacheve
3,000
24 Nov
Odesa
10,000
2 Mar
Khmelnytskyi
8,000
24 Jan
Bila Tserkva
2,000+
24 Jan
Sambir
2,000+
1 Dec
Vinnytsia
5,000
8 Dec 22 Jan
Zhytomyr
2,000
23 Jan
Kirovohrad
1,000
8 Dec 24 Jan
Kryvyi Rih
1,000
1 Dec
Luhansk
1,000
8 Dec
Uzhhorod
1,000
24 Jan
Drohobych
500–800
25 Nov
Kherson
2,500
3 Mar
Mariupol
400
26 Jan
Chernihiv
150–200
22 Nov
Izmail
150
22 Feb
Vasylkiv
70
4 Dec
Yalta
50
20 Feb

References

  1. On 1 December 2013 Kyiv's Town Hall became occupied by Euromaidan protesters; this forced the Kyiv City Council to meet
  2. There was no legal basis for these bans since in Ukraine only a court can ban the activities of a political force.
  3. Reports of some protesters attending under duress from superiors
  4. Titushky are provocators during protests.
  5. Early November 2012 Communist Party party leader Petro Symonenko stated that his party will not co-operate with other pa
  6. The term Euromaidan; was initially used as a hashtag on Twitter. A Twitter account named Euromaidan was created on the f
  7. On 7 April 2013 a decree by Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych freed Yuriy Lutsenko from prison and exempted him from
  8. On 20 December 2013 Ukrainian prime minister Mykola Azarov stated that the public had not been given clear explanations
  9. On 10 December President Yanukovych stated "We will certainly resume the IMF negotiations. If there are conditions that
  10. According to the Financial Times, people in East Ukraine and South Ukraine "tend to be more politically passive than the
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  345. BBC News
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  347. "Top US diplomat for Europe sorry for cursing the EU"
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  353. "Three leaders of opposition and the president of Ukraine signed the document on settlement of a political situation"
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  354. ""The Right Sector" is dissatisfied with the agreement with Yanukovych"
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  356. segodnya.ua
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  357. The Wall Street Journal
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  359. The New York Times
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  366. Azarov: Full repayment of debt on social payments postponed until end of this year due to protests, Interfax-Ukraine (11
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  367. Ukraine protesters defy police, leaders reject talks with president, Reuters (11 December 2013)
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  370. Nothing threatening Ukraine's economic, financial stability now – PM Azarov, Interfax-Ukraine (18 December 2013)
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  374. Ukraine Bonds Rally as Factions Sign Peace Pact to End Crisis, Bloomberg News (21 February 2014)
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  383. Brat za Brata (Брат за брата)
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  384. All Polish TV channels simultaneously turned on a song in sign of support for Ukraine. TSN. 2 February 2014
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  385. All Polish TV channels simultaneously turned on a song in sign of support for Ukraine. Mirror Weekly. 2 February 2014
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  386. Band Taraka moved hearts. Polskie Radio. 4 February 2014
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  387. Aflame the tire was on fire: new eurohit. Video. Ukrayinska Pravda. 29 January 2014
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  389. Band Skriabin at night on 23 January wrote a song Archived 11 February 2014 at archive.today. espreso TV. 23 January 201
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  390. Race car driver Mochanov dedicated his song to titushky Archived 11 February 2014 at archive.today. espreso TV. 5 Februa
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  391. DJ Rudy Paulenko created this track after being inspired by events on Independence Square on YouTube 4 March 2014
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  392. (in Ukrainian) Klitschko at concert "Lapis Trubetskoi" autographed and shook hands, Tablo ID (27 August 2014)
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  393. Babylon'13: 35 films about the life of Euromaidan. Ukrayinska Pravda. 24 December 2013
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  424. У ГПУ заявили, що Клюєв до зачистки Майдану не причетний. Ukrayinska Pravda. 16 December 2013
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  430. Після слів Пшонки опозиція хоче, щоб розгін Майдану розслідувала Рада. Ukrayinska Pravda. 20 December 2013
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  433. The Kyiv court arrested two out of 9 who are suspected in the Bankova disorders (Суд Киева арестовал двух из девяти подо
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