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England

Updated: Wikipedia source

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. England shares a land border with Scotland to the north and another land border with Wales to the west, and is otherwise surrounded by the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south, the Celtic Sea to the south-west, and the Irish Sea to the west. Continental Europe lies to the south-east, and Ireland to the west. At the 2021 census, the population was 56,490,048. London is both the largest city and the capital. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic. It takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had extensive cultural and legal impact on the wider world since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century. The Kingdom of England, which included Wales after 1535, ceased to be a separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union brought into effect a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland that created the Kingdom of Great Britain. England is the origin of the English language, the English legal system (which served as the basis for the common law systems of many other countries), association football, and the Anglican branch of Christianity; its parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England is home to the two oldest universities in the English-speaking world: the University of Oxford, founded in 1096, and the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209. Both universities are ranked amongst the most prestigious in the world. England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The London metropolitan area has a population of over 15 million as of 2025, representing the United Kingdom's largest metropolitan area. England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.

Infobox

Status
Country
Capitaland largest city
London 51°30′N 0°7′W / 51.500°N 0.117°W / 51.500; -0.117
National language
English, BSL
Regional languages
Cornish
Ethnic groups (2021)
mw- 81.0% White9.6% Asian4.2% Black3.0% Mixed2.2% other
Religion (2021)
46.3% Christianity36.7% no religion6.7% Islam1.8% Hinduism0.9% Sikhism0.5% Judaism0.5% Buddhism0.6% other6.0% not stated
Demonym
English[b]
Sovereign stateLegal jurisdiction
United KingdomEngland and Wales
Government
Direct rule by the UK Government within a parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Charles III
• House of Commons
543 MPs (of 650)
• Unification of Angles, Saxons and Danes
By 12 July 927
• Union with Scotland
1 May 1707
• Total[d]
132,932 km2 (51,325 sq mi)
• Land[c]
130,310 km2 (50,310 sq mi)
• 2024 estimate
58,620,101
• 2021 census
56,490,048
• Density
450/km2 (1,165.5/sq mi)
GVA
2023 estimate
mw- • Total
£2.113 trillion
• Per capita
£36,632
GDP (nominal)
2023 estimate
• Total
£2.330 trillion
• Per capita
£40,382
Currency
Pound sterling (GBP; £)
Time zone
UTC 0 (GMT)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 1 (BST)
Date format
dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Calling code
44
ISO 3166 code
GB-ENG

Tables

· Demography › Language
English
English
Language
English
Native speakers (thousands)
46,937
Polish
Polish
Language
Polish
Native speakers (thousands)
529
Punjabi
Punjabi
Language
Punjabi
Native speakers (thousands)
272
Urdu
Urdu
Language
Urdu
Native speakers (thousands)
266
Bengali
Bengali
Language
Bengali
Native speakers (thousands)
216
Gujarati
Gujarati
Language
Gujarati
Native speakers (thousands)
212
Arabic
Arabic
Language
Arabic
Native speakers (thousands)
152
French
French
Language
French
Native speakers (thousands)
145
Portuguese
Portuguese
Language
Portuguese
Native speakers (thousands)
131
Welsh
Welsh
Language
Welsh
Native speakers (thousands)
8
Cornish
Cornish
Language
Cornish
Native speakers (thousands)
0.6
Other
Other
Language
Other
Native speakers (thousands)
2,267
Population
Population
Language
Population
Native speakers (thousands)
51,006
Language
Native speakers (thousands)
English
46,937
Polish
529
Punjabi
272
Urdu
266
Bengali
216
Gujarati
212
Arabic
152
French
145
Portuguese
131
Welsh
8
Cornish
0.6
Other
2,267
Population
51,006

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