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Elizabeth May

Updated: Wikipedia source

Elizabeth May

Elizabeth Evans May (born June 9, 1954) is a Canadian politician, environmentalist, lawyer, activist, and author. She has served as the member of Parliament (MP) for Saanich—Gulf Islands since 2011. May is the leader of the Green Party of Canada, having first held the position from 2006 to 2019. She returned to the leadership in 2022, initially as co-leader with Jonathan Pedneault and is now serving as the party's sole and outgoing leader following his resignation. May is the longest-serving female leader of a Canadian federal party, and the first member of the Green Party to be elected to the House of Commons. From 1989 to 2006, she was the executive director of the Sierra Club Canada. In 2005, May was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada, and the United Nations has recognized her as one of the world's leading women environmentalists. She is the author of eight books, including her memoir Who We Are – Reflections of My Life and Canada, which was a Globe and Mail bestseller.

Infobox

Deputy
Adriane Carr Claude Genest Jacques Rivard Georges Laraque Bruce Hyer Daniel Green Jo-Ann Roberts
Preceded by
Gary Lunn
Succeeded by
herself (as party leader)
Leader
Jo-Ann Roberts (interim) Annamie Paul Amita Kuttner (interim)
Born
Elizabeth Evans May (1954-06-09) June 9, 1954 (age 71)Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.
Nationality
Canadian American (until 1978)
Political party
Green
Spouse
mw- John Kidder (m. 2019)
Children
1
Relatives
Margot Kidder (sister-in-law)Eric Peterson (brother-in-law)
Alma mater
Dalhousie University
Occupation
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Party
Green

Tables

Electoral history of Elizabeth May — Federal general elections · Electoral record › Summary
Total
Total
Year
Total
Party
%
Party
mw- ±%
Votes
Total
Votes
±
2008
2008
Year
2008
Party
Green
Votes
937,613
Votes
6.78%
Votes
+2.30
Seats
0 / 308
Seats
–
Position
No seats
2011
2011
Year
2011
Party
576,221
Party
3.91%
Votes
-2.87
Votes
1 / 308
Votes
+1
Seats
No status
2015
2015
Year
2015
Party
602,933
Party
3.43%
Votes
-0.49
Votes
1 / 338
Votes
–
Seats
No status
2019
2019
Year
2019
Party
1,189,607
Party
6.55%
Votes
+3.07
Votes
3 / 338
Votes
+2
Seats
No status
2025
2025
Year
2025
Party
238,892
Party
1.22%
Votes
-1.11
Votes
1 / 343
Votes
-1
Seats
No status
Year
Party
Votes
Seats
Position
Total
%
mw- ±%
Total
±
2008
Green
937,613
6.78%
+2.30
0 / 308
–
No seats
2011
576,221
3.91%
-2.87
1 / 308
+1
No status
2015
602,933
3.43%
-0.49
1 / 338
–
No status
2019
1,189,607
6.55%
+3.07
3 / 338
+2
No status
2025
238,892
1.22%
-1.11
1 / 343
-1
No status
Electoral history of Elizabeth — Federal constituency elections · Electoral record › Summary
Total
Total
Year
Total
Type
%
Riding
P.
Party
±%
1980
1980
Year
1980
Type
General election
Riding
Cape Breton Highlands—Canso
Party
Independent
Votes for May
272
Votes for May
0.75%
Votes for May
4th
Votes for May
n/a
Result
Lost
Swing
Hold
2006
2006
Year
2006
Type
By-election
Riding
London North Centre
Party
Green
Votes for May
9,864
Votes for May
25.87%
Votes for May
2nd
Votes for May
+20.38
Result
Lost
Swing
Hold
2008
2008
Year
2008
Type
General election
Riding
Central Nova
Party
12,620
Party
32.24%
Votes for May
2nd
Votes for May
+30.65
Votes for May
Lost
Result
Hold
2011
2011
Year
2011
Type
Saanich—Gulf Islands
Riding
31,890
Party
46.33%
Party
1st
Votes for May
+35.88
Votes for May
Elected
Votes for May
Gain
2015
2015
Year
2015
Type
37,070
Riding
54.40
Party
1st
Party
+7.99
Votes for May
Elected
Votes for May
Hold
2019
2019
Year
2019
Type
33,454
Riding
49.09%
Party
1st
Party
-5.31
Votes for May
Elected
Votes for May
Hold
2021
2021
Year
2021
Type
24,648
Riding
37.62%
Party
1st
Party
-11.47
Votes for May
Elected
Votes for May
Hold
2025
2025
Year
2025
Type
31,199
Riding
39.10%
Party
1st
Party
+3.33
Votes for May
Elected
Votes for May
Hold
Year
Type
Riding
Party
Votes for May
Result
Swing
Total
%
P.
±%
1980
General election
Cape Breton Highlands—Canso
Independent
272
0.75%
4th
n/a
Lost
Hold
2006
By-election
London North Centre
Green
9,864
25.87%
2nd
+20.38
Lost
Hold
2008
General election
Central Nova
12,620
32.24%
2nd
+30.65
Lost
Hold
2011
Saanich—Gulf Islands
31,890
46.33%
1st
+35.88
Elected
Gain
2015
37,070
54.40
1st
+7.99
Elected
Hold
2019
33,454
49.09%
1st
-5.31
Elected
Hold
2021
24,648
37.62%
1st
-11.47
Elected
Hold
2025
31,199
39.10%
1st
+3.33
Elected
Hold
· Electoral record › Federal elections
Party
Party
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Party
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Candidate
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Votes
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
%
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
±%
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Total valid votes/expense limit
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
79,786
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
99.58
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Total rejected ballots
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
336
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
0.42
Turnout
Turnout
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Turnout
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
80,122
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
78.27
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Eligible voters
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
102,363
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Source: Elections Canada
Note: number of eligible voters does not include voting day registrations.
Note: number of eligible voters does not include voting day registrations.
mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Note: number of eligible voters does not include voting day registrations.
vte2025 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Green
Elizabeth May
31,199
39.10
+3.33
Liberal
David Beckham
25,409
31.85
+13.04
Conservative
Cathie Ounsted
20,015
25.09
+2.44
New Democratic
Colin Plant
3,163
3.96
−15.59
Total valid votes/expense limit
79,786
99.58
Total rejected ballots
336
0.42
Turnout
80,122
78.27
Eligible voters
102,363
Green notional hold
Swing
−4.86
Source: Elections Canada
Note: number of eligible voters does not include voting day registrations.
· Electoral record › Federal elections
Party
Party
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Party
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Candidate
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Votes
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
%
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
±%
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
65,522
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
99.43
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
–
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
$121,248.58
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Total rejected ballots
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
374
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
0.57
Turnout
Turnout
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Turnout
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
65,896
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
70.45
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
-4.18
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Eligible voters
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
93,538
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Source: Elections Canada
vte2021 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Green
Elizabeth May
24,648
37.62
-11.47
$85,326.87
Conservative
David Busch
14,775
22.55
+2.32
$91,482.76
Liberal
Sherri Moore-Arbour
12,056
18.40
+1.78
$47,983.06
New Democratic
Sabina Singh
11,959
18.25
+5.55
$44,510.15
People's
David Hilderman
1,943
2.97
+1.61
$0.00
Communist
Dock Currie
141
0.22
-
$0.00
Total valid votes/expense limit
65,522
99.43
–
$121,248.58
Total rejected ballots
374
0.57
Turnout
65,896
70.45
-4.18
Eligible voters
93,538
Green hold
Swing
-6.90
Source: Elections Canada
· Electoral record › Federal elections
Party
Party
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Party
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Candidate
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Votes
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
%
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
±%
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
68,150
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
99.53
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Total rejected ballots
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
323
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
0.47
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
+0.18
Turnout
Turnout
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Turnout
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
68,473
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
74.63
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
-4.05
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Eligible voters
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
91,752
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Source: Elections Canada
vte2019 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Green
Elizabeth May
33,454
49.09
-5.31
$87,482.73
Conservative
David Busch
13,784
20.23
+0.77
none listed
Liberal
Ryan Windsor
11,326
16.62
-0.08
none listed
New Democratic
Sabina Singh
8,657
12.70
+3.63
none listed
People's
Ron Broda
929
1.36
–
none listed
Total valid votes/expense limit
68,150
99.53
Total rejected ballots
323
0.47
+0.18
Turnout
68,473
74.63
-4.05
Eligible voters
91,752
Green hold
Swing
-3.04
Source: Elections Canada
· Electoral record › Federal elections
Party
Party
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Party
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Candidate
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Votes
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
%
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
±%
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
68,140
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
99.71
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
$223,670.30
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Total rejected ballots
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
201
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
0.29
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
–
Turnout
Turnout
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Turnout
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
68,341
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
78.68
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
–
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Eligible voters
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
86,863
Source: Elections Canada
Source: Elections Canada
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Source: Elections Canada
vte2015 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Green
Elizabeth May
37,070
54.40
+7.99
$191,615.15
Conservative
Robert Boyd
13,260
19.46
−17.02
$148,289.09
Liberal
Tim Kane
11,380
16.70
+10.64
$56,913.03
New Democratic
Alicia Cormier
6,181
9.07
−1.97
$52,539.33
Libertarian
Meghan Jess Porter
249
0.37
–
$231.52
Total valid votes/expense limit
68,140
99.71
$223,670.30
Total rejected ballots
201
0.29
–
Turnout
68,341
78.68
–
Eligible voters
86,863
Green hold
Swing
+12.50
Source: Elections Canada
· Electoral record › Federal elections
Party
Party
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Party
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Candidate
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Votes
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
%
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
±%
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
68,827
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
100.0
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
$293,617
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Total rejected ballots
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
160
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
0.23
Turnout
Turnout
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Turnout
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
68,987
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
75.25
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Eligible voters
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
91,673
vte2011 Canadian federal election: Saanich—Gulf Islands
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Green
Elizabeth May
31,890
46.33
+35.88
$87,738
Conservative
Gary Lunn
24,544
35.66
−7.77
$89,604
New Democratic
Edith Loring-Kuhanga
8,185
11.89
+6.20
$66,273
Liberal
Renée Hetherington
4,208
6.11
−33.25
$50,002
Total valid votes/expense limit
68,827
100.0
$293,617
Total rejected ballots
160
0.23
Turnout
68,987
75.25
Eligible voters
91,673
Green gain from Conservative
Swing
+21.82
· Electoral record › Federal elections
Party
Party
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
Party
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
Candidate
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
Votes
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
%
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
±%
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
Expenditures
Total valid votes/expense limit
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
Total valid votes/expense limit
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
39,142
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
100.0
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
$80,462
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
304
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
0.77
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
+0.42
Turnout
Turnout
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
Turnout
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
39,446
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
67.01
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
-2.16
Eligible voters
Eligible voters
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
Eligible voters
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
58,863
vte2008 Canadian federal election: Central Nova
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative
Peter MacKay
18,240
46.60
+5.94
$61,468.89
Green
Elizabeth May
12,620
32.24
+30.65
$57,490.60
New Democratic
Louise Lorifice
7,659
19.56
-13.33
$39,917.36
Christian Heritage
Michael Harris MacKay
427
1.09
–
none listed
Canadian Action
Paul Kemp
196
0.50
–
$87.79
Total valid votes/expense limit
39,142
100.0
$80,462
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots
304
0.77
+0.42
Turnout
39,446
67.01
-2.16
Eligible voters
58,863
Conservative hold
Swing
-24.71
· Electoral record › Federal elections
Party
Party
vteCanadian federal by-election, November 27, 2006: London North CentreResignation of Joe Fontana
Party
vteCanadian federal by-election, November 27, 2006: London North CentreResignation of Joe Fontana
Candidate
vteCanadian federal by-election, November 27, 2006: London North CentreResignation of Joe Fontana
Votes
vteCanadian federal by-election, November 27, 2006: London North CentreResignation of Joe Fontana
%
vteCanadian federal by-election, November 27, 2006: London North CentreResignation of Joe Fontana
±%
Total
Total
vteCanadian federal by-election, November 27, 2006: London North CentreResignation of Joe Fontana
Total
vteCanadian federal by-election, November 27, 2006: London North CentreResignation of Joe Fontana
38,123
vteCanadian federal by-election, November 27, 2006: London North CentreResignation of Joe Fontana
100.00
vteCanadian federal by-election, November 27, 2006: London North CentreResignation of Joe Fontana
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Liberal
Glen Pearson
13,287
34.85
−5.27
Green
Elizabeth May
9,864
25.87
+20.38
Conservative
Dianne Haskett
9,309
24.42
−5.48
New Democratic
Megan Walker
5,388
14.13
−9.62
Progressive Canadian
Steven Hunter
145
0.38
−0.09
Independent
Robert Ede
77
0.20
–
Canadian Action
Will Arlow
53
0.14
–
Total
38,123
100.00
1980 Canadian federal election: Cape Breton Highlands—Canso · Electoral record › Federal elections
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Liberal
Allan J. MacEachen
18,262
50.40%
+2.30%
Progressive Conservative
Bill Kelly
12,799
35.32%
−3.44%
New Democratic
William J. Woodfine
4,902
13.53%
+0.39%
Independent
Elizabeth May
272
0.75%

References

  1. Serving as co-leader with Jonathan Pedneault.
  2. global500.org
    http://www.global500.org/index.php/thelaureates/online-directory/item/427-elizabeth-may
  3. "On the Train: A Q&A with Elizabeth May"
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/on-the-train-a-qa-with-elizabeth-may/article25581747/
  4. London Free Press
  5. Hartford Courant
    https://www.courant.com/2003/08/26/may-stephanie-middleton/
  6. "John Middleton May - obituary - Archived copy"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20151005105822/http://www.victoriastandard.ca/uploads/3/9/8/8/3988534/page_14a_22-21.pdf
  7. Elizabeth May biography
  8. The Globe and Mail
    http://theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-conservative-leader-andrew-scheer-holds-dual-canadian-us-citizenship
  9. "I am only a Canadian citizen since renouncing US citizenship"
    https://x.com/ElizabethMay/status/196014276257923072
  10. E. May, Budworm Battles, Four East books: Tantallon NS, 1981
  11. Dalhousie University
    https://www.dal.ca/faculty/science/emaychair/about/elizabethmay.html
  12. Université Saint-Paul University
    https://ustpaul.ca/en/about-spu-history_493_360.htm
  13. "An activist, an Anglican, a political leader"
    https://www.anglicanjournal.com/an-activist-an-anglican-a-political-leader/
  14. Elizabeth May
    https://elizabethmaymp.ca/good-sunday-morning-july-17/
  15. www.greenparty.ca
    https://greenparty.ca/en/elizabeth/elizabeth-mays-biography
  16. "Election Results, Parliament of Canada"
    https://archive.today/20130101044800/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/HFER/hfer.asp?Language=E&Search=Gres&genElection=32&ridProvince=7&submit1=Search
  17. piac.ca
    http://www.piac.ca/about-us/
  18. Winnipeg Free Press
    http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/opinion/fyi/dam-deals-152135005.html
  19. Rescue the Earth! Conversations with the Green Crusaders
    https://books.google.com/books?id=YPHaAAAAMAAJ
  20. Green Party of Canada
    https://www.greenparty.ca/en/meet-elizabeth
  21. Newsroom
    https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/activist-mcgill-9974
  22. "Library of Canada biography"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071001063156/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/women/002026-411-e.html
  23. "Celebrating Women's Achievements"
    https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/women/030001-1116-e.html
  24. Pressenza
    http://www.pressenza.com/2015/04/canada-uranium-deals-with-india-weakens-nnpt/
  25. atlantic.sierraclub.ca
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150526194609/http://atlantic.sierraclub.ca/en/node/516
  26. "Elizabeth May considers running for Green Party"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071111142212/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060414/green_party_060414/20060414?hub=Canada
  27. "New Green leader to try for a seat in Cape Breton"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110604135959/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=2297cf57-dfae-4974-ad94-a7edfc9a9fa3&k=12457
  28. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/green-party-has-arrived-after-finishing-2nd-in-byelection-1.598472
  29. "Elections Canada – Electoral Districts"
    https://enr.elections.ca/ElectoralDistricts_e.aspx?ed=1382
  30. Ottawa Citizen
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150819215519/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=098b787f-cc1e-4f52-a27c-0cb0b0856faa
  31. "PM invites Dion to distance himself from May's 'Nazi analogies'"
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/pm-invites-dion-to-distance-himself-from-may-s-nazi-analogies-1.631901
  32. "Toronto Green Living Show"
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20070421.GREEN21/TPStory/TPEntertainment/Ontario
  33. "Green Party Leader dismayed that comments were distorted"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120204074224/http://greenparty.ca/en/releases/01.05.2007b
  34. CJOB
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  35. "Greens' May to fight MacKay in next election"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071111142247/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070317/may_candidacy_070317/20070317?hub=Canada
  36. Thestar.com
    https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/03/19/taking_on_mackay_is_it_may_madness.html
  37. "Liberals agree not to run candidate against Green leader"
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/liberals-agree-not-to-run-candidate-against-green-leader-1.639778
  38. "May fends off calls for her resignation"
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/may-fends-off-calls-for-her-resignation/article1063883/
  39. CBC News
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/greens-can-t-participate-in-leaders-debates-networks-rule-1.757797
  40. Ottawa Citizen
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150808165425/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=4fa049e9-754c-4641-bb2a-0e1b7e238f0d
  41. Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/may-wins-green-party-nomination-in-bc-riding/article1294469
  42. The Canadian Press
    http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/breakingnews/greens-elizabeth-may-will-fight-broadcasters-decision-to-ditch-her-from-debate-118927234.html
  43. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/debate-over-may-diverts-campaign-1.1105297
  44. Vancouver Sun and Postmedia News
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110401124131/http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Greens+Elizabeth+determined+enter+debate+prepares+legal+action/4529114/story.html
  45. The Globe and Mail
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  46. The Globe and Mail
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  47. www.parl.gc.ca
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  48. The Huffington Post
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  49. The Globe and Mail
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  50. CTV News
    https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/elizabeth-may-presents-911-truther-petition-to-parliament/
  51. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/m/wp/blog.html?b=news.nationalpost.com/2014/12/04/elizabeth-may-presents-911-truther-petition-in-the-house-of-commons
  52. Macleans
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  53. Maclean's
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  54. "The 2014 Parliamentarians of the Year"
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  55. The Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/02/03/weak-kneed-opposition-lets-conservative-terror-bill-sail-through-walkom.html
  56. "Elizabeth May and Bruce Hyer announce 60 amendments to Bill C-51"
    http://elizabethmaymp.ca/green-party-leaders-announce-60-amendments-to-bill-c-51/
  57. "Can we stop C-51?"
    http://elizabethmaymp.ca/can-we-stop-c-51/
  58. "Elizabeth May amends government bill for 1st time"
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/elizabeth-may-amends-government-bill-for-1st-time-1.3047721
  59. "Trudeau invites premiers and Elizabeth May to UN climate summit"
    https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/trudeau-invites-premiers-and-elizabeth-may-to-un-climate-summit/
  60. "'Fart' in parliament: Row blows up in Canada"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38037187
  61. CBC News
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/elizabeth-may-kennedy-stewart-kinder-morgan-arrest-court-appearance-1.4611437
  62. Surrey Now-Leader
    https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/judge-says-anti-pipline-protesters-including-elizabeth-may-should-face-criminal-contempt-charges/
  63. Calgary Herald
    https://calgaryherald.com/news/national/b-c-supreme-court-judge-calls-for-criminal-charges-against-elizabeth-may-and-trans-mountain-protesters/wcm/3d8ebe93-91f0-4fb5-b0bd-bd4123503678
  64. CTV News
    https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/pipeline-protesters-including-green-leader-should-face-criminal-charges-judge/
  65. CBC News
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/special-prosecutors-to-handle-federal-mps-cases-after-anti-pipeline-protest-arrests-1.4621340
  66. Terrace Standard
    https://www.terracestandard.com/news/elizabeth-may-other-anti-pipeline-protesters-to-be-criminally-charged/
  67. Vancouver Sun
    https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/kennedy-stewart-enters-guilty-plea-to-charge-of-criminal-contempt
  68. CBC News
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/elizabeth-may-court-kinder-morgan-protest-1.4681097
  69. Vancouver Sun
    https://vancouversun.com/pmn/news-pmn/canada-news-pmn/cp-newsalert-green-party-leader-elizabeth-may-pleads-guilty-to-contempt/wcm/dad85822-bd77-4423-8bcf-1d9afd6eaf7c
  70. "Greens call for a doubling of Canada's carbon emissions reduction target | CBC News"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20191010155506/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-carbon-emissions-climate-change-1.5138676
  71. Toronto Sun
    https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/goldstein-liberal-and-conservative-governments-have-broken-climate-change-promises-for-31-years-whoever-wins-will-do-it-again
  72. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-annamie-paul-1.6251482
  73. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/green-party-elizabeth-may-1.6567083
  74. thestar.com
    https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2022/11/19/elizabeth-may-returns-to-green-party-leadership-with-running-mate-jonathan-pedneault.html
  75. Toronto Sun
    https://torontosun.com/news/elizabeth-may-elected-green-leader-again-to-share-burden-with-jonathan-pedneault
  76. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/elizabeth-may-green-party-leadership-pedneault-1.7258101
  77. Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/jonathan-pedneault-resigns-from-green-party-leaving-elizabeth-may-as-sole-leader/article_30be03c8-9460-52fb-a1c6-bd4c5a1df21e.html
  78. Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/deputy-leader-stepping-down-from-bid-to-co-lead-federal-green-party-after-internal-debate/article_3b2d099c-3d5a-11ef-8ae1-9be3efbafb4f.html
  79. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-liberal-government-survives-confidence-vote-on-federal-budget/
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-liberal-government-survives-confidence-vote-on-federal-budget/
  80. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/elizabeth-may-not-leading-greens-next-election-1.7612908
  81. https://nationalnewswatch.com/2025/12/01/may-says-voting-for-budget-was-mistake-and-it-wont-happen-again
    https://nationalnewswatch.com/2025/12/01/may-says-voting-for-budget-was-mistake-and-it-wont-happen-again
  82. Georgia Straight Vancouver's News & Entertainment Weekly
    https://www.straight.com/article-387551/vancouver/green-party-leader-elizabeth-may-says-her-abortion-stance-massively-misreported
  83. "Rebick withdraws any support for May"
    http://www.rabble.ca/news/rebick-withdraws-any-support-may
  84. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/powerandpolitics/green-party-elizabeth-may-abortion-debate-1.5273722
  85. Green Party of Canada
    https://www.greenparty.ca/en/statement/2019-09-09/statement-green-party-canada
  86. The Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-elizabeth-may-clarifies-position-on-abortion-says-green-party-screens/
  87. The Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/elizabeth-may-wages-war-against-wifi/article617404/
  88. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/so-whats-wrong-with-wifi
  89. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/opinion/national-post-editorial-board-getting-a-whiff-of-wifi-paranoia
  90. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/elizabeth-mays-so-called-party-of-science-seems-to-support-a-lot-of-unscientific-public-policies
  91. The Globe and Mail
    https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/elizabeth-may-was-shaken-up-by-ottawa-attack-when-she-sent-ghomeshi-tweets/article21362173/
  92. Metro
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150409053625/http://metronews.ca/news/canada/1197576/elizabeth-may-regrets-defending-jian-ghomeshi-on-twitter/
  93. CTV News
    https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/article/elizabeth-may-wont-resign-after-omar-khadr-remarks/
  94. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/opinion/john-ivison-no-excuse-for-elizabeth-mays-meltdown-at-the-parliamentary-press-gallery-dinner
  95. The True North Times
    http://www.truenorthtimes.ca/2015/05/10/possible-drunk-elizabeth-may-swears-praises-omar-khadr-talks-intercourse/
  96. Toronto Star
    https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/05/10/elizabeth-may-apologizes-for-bizarre-press-gallery-dinner-speech.html
  97. News1130
    http://www.news1130.com/2015/05/10/federal-green-party-leader-blames-failed-humour-for-controversial-comments/
  98. Yahoo! News
    https://ca.news.yahoo.com/blogs/canada-politics/will-kooky-press-gallery-speech-hurt-elizabeth-175138145.html
  99. iPolitics
    http://www.ipolitics.ca/2015/05/13/what-the-media-missed-while-it-was-dumping-on-liz-may/
  100. "The mugging of Elizabeth May – Michael's essay"
    http://www.cbc.ca/radio/thesundayedition/mugging-elizabeth-may-ayaan-hirsi-ali-alan-borovoy-sex-worker-starts-over-crawford-on-digital-distraction-1.3074386/the-mugging-of-elizabeth-may-michael-s-essay-1.3074877
  101. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/elizabeth-mays-daughter-cate-may-burton-enters-federal-election-as-nominee-in-quebec-riding
  102. CBC News
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/meet-man-engaged-to-green-party-leader-elizabeth-may-1.4926469
  103. Victoria Times Colonist
    https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/elizabeth-may-to-marry-finds-love-with-ashcroft-man-but-her-political-heart-still-in-gulf-islands
  104. Global News
    https://globalnews.ca/news/5191700/elizabeth-may-jody-wilson-raybould-green/
  105. "Exclusive Interview in Christianity Canada"
    http://canadianchristianity.com/elizabeth-exclusive-interview-633/
  106. "Renowned Environmental Leader To Speak at UNB's Renaissance College"
    https://www.unb.ca/news/view.cgi?id=289
  107. Businessvibes
    https://www.businessvibes.com/worldwide
  108. "Mount Allison University honours Elizabeth May"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110805020256/http://greenparty.ca/en/releases/14.05.2007
  109. Newsweek
    http://www.newsweek.com/tag/women-and-leadership.html#
  110. Maclean's
    https://www.macleans.ca/2012/11/21/drumroll-please-the-2012-parliamentarians-of-the-year/
  111. gg.ca
    http://www.gg.ca/honour.aspx?id=103898&t=13&ln=May
  112. Macleans.ca
    https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/2014-parliamentarians-of-the-year/
  113. "Colin Dodds and Elizabeth May to Receive Honorary Degrees at AST Convocation"
    http://www.astheology.ns.ca/news/
  114. "Elizabeth May Speaks at the Atlantic School of Theology Gala Dinner"
    https://greenparty.ca/en/content/elizabeth-may-speak-atlantic-school-theology-gala-dinner/
  115. Macleans.ca
    https://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/the-winners-of-the-macleans-parliamentarians-of-the-year-awards/
  116. Elections Canada
    https://www.elections.ca/Scripts/vis/candidates?L=e&ED=59029&EV=62&EV_TYPE=1&PC=c1a1s4&PROV=&PROVID=&MAPID=&QID=8&PAGEID=17&TPAGEID=&PD=&STAT_CODE_ID=-1
  117. "Election Night Results - Electoral Districts"
    https://enr.elections.ca/ElectoralDistricts.aspx?lang=e
  118. Elections Canada
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  119. Elections Canada
    https://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand/lst&document=index&lang=e
  120. Elections Canada
    https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovr2019app/51/11216e.html
  121. Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Saanich—Gulf Islands, 30 September 2015
    https://www.elections.ca/Scripts/vis/candidates?L=e&ED=59027&EV=41&EV_TYPE=1&PC=&PROV=BC&PROVID=59&MAPID=&QID=8&PAGEID=17&TPAGEID=&PD=&STAT_CODE_ID=-1
  122. Official Voting Results – Saanich—Gulf Islands
    https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovr2015app/41/9811e.html
  123. elections.ca
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  124. CBC
    http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/elizabeth-may-stages-hunger-strike-on-parliament-hill-1.290895
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