Elections in Canada
Updated: 12/11/2025, 4:28:15 PM Wikipedia source
Canada holds elections for legislatures or governments in several jurisdictions: for the federal (national) government, provincial and territorial governments, and municipal governments. Elections are also held for self-governing First Nations and for many other public and private organizations including corporations and trade unions. Municipal elections can also be held for both upper-tier (regional municipality or county) and lower-tier (town, village, or city) governments. Formal elections have occurred in Canada since at least 1792, when both Upper Canada and Lower Canada had their first elections. Canada's first recorded election was held in Halifax in 1758 to elect the 1st General Assembly of Nova Scotia. All Canadian citizens aged 18 or older may register and vote in federal elections. Elections for other levels of government may have additional residency or ownership requirements. For example, some municipalities allow both residents and non-resident landowners to vote. The most recent Canadian federal election occurred on April 28, 2025. The Constitution limits terms for Parliament and all provincial legislatures to five years; current legislation fixes terms at four years at the federal level and in every province except Nova Scotia. However, as in other Westminster systems, a parliamentary term may still be ended early due to a successful vote of no confidence or a snap election called by the ruling government. Though not impossible, there have never been two general elections in the same calendar year, either at the federal level or in any province or territory. Although only the first past the post election system is used currently in federal and all provincial elections in Canada, federal elections in the 1867-1870 period and elections in each province (except Quebec) used other election systems and multi-member districts at one time or another between 1867 and 1996. Through the years, Canadians have seen numerous instances of electoral reform and attempted electoral reform. Notably, attempts to change from first past the post to a different electoral system by referendum failed (or were ignored) in B.C. in 2005 and 2018, P.E.I. in 2005, 2016, and 2019, and Ontario in 2007. The territory of Yukon will hold a referendum on electoral reform on November 3, 2025. Referendums on electoral reform have been proposed or cancelled in other provinces.
Tables
Summary of the 2025 Canadian federal election · Latest election
2021
2021
Party
2021
Party
Dissol.
Party leader
2025
Candidates
Change from 2021
Seats
% seats
Seats
Votes
Seats
Votechange
Seats
%
Seats
pp change
Popular vote
% whererunning
Total valid votes
Total valid votes
Party
Total valid votes
Party
19,641,663
Party leader
2,727,388
Candidates
100.00%
Seats
–
Seats
–
Total rejected ballots
Total rejected ballots
Party
Total rejected ballots
Party
169,857
Party leader
5,711
Candidates
0.86%
Seats
0.16pp
Seats
–
Total
Total
Party
Total
Party
1,959
Party leader
338
Candidates
338
Seats
343
Seats
5
Seats
100.00%
Popular vote
100.00%
Popular vote
–
Popular vote
100.00%
Electorate (eligible voters)/turnout
Electorate (eligible voters)/turnout
Party
Electorate (eligible voters)/turnout
Seats
–
Note: Official results with two judicial recounts to be completed.
Note: Official results with two judicial recounts to be completed.
Party
Note: Official results with two judicial recounts to be completed.
Source(s): Elections Canada (D) indicates a party deregistered before the next election
Source(s): Elections Canada (D) indicates a party deregistered before the next election
Party
Source(s): Elections Canada (D) indicates a party deregistered before the next election
| Party | Party leader | Candidates | Seats | Popular vote | |||||||||
| 2021 | Dissol. | 2025 | Change from 2021 | % seats | Votes | Votechange | % | pp change | % whererunning | ||||
| Liberal | Mark Carney | 342 | 160 | 152 | 169 | 9 | 49.27% | 8,595,488 | 3,038,859 | 43.76% | 11.14pp | 43.91% | |
| Conservative | Pierre Poilievre | 342 | 119 | 120 | 144 | 25 | 41.98% | 8,113,484 | 2,366,074 | 41.31% | 7.57pp | 41.43% | |
| Bloc Québécois | Yves-François Blanchet | 78 | 32 | 33 | 22 | 10 | 6.41% | 1,236,349 | 65,276 | 6.29% | 1.35pp | 27.65% | |
| New Democratic | Jagmeet Singh | 342 | 25 | 24 | 7 | 18 | 2.04% | 1,234,673 | 1,801,675 | 6.29% | 11.53pp | 6.30% | |
| Green | Elizabeth May &Jonathan Pedneault | 232 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.29% | 238,892 | 158,096 | 1.22% | 1.11pp | 1.75% | |
| People's | Maxime Bernier | 247 | – | – | – | | – | 136,977 | 704,016 | 0.70% | 4.24pp | 0.94% | |
| Independent and No Affiliation | 177 | – | 3 | – | | – | 39,498 | 7,017 | 0.20% | 0.01pp | 0.31% | ||
| Christian Heritage | Rodney L. Taylor | 32 | – | – | – | | – | 10,065 | 1,080 | 0.05% | | 0.46% | |
| Rhinoceros | Chinook B. Blais-Leduc | 29 | – | – | – | | – | 7,063 | 978 | 0.04% | | 0.41% | |
| United | Grant S. Abraham | 16 | New | – | – | New | – | 6,061 | New | 0.03% | New | 0.57% | |
| Libertarian | Jacques Y. Boudreau | 16 | – | – | – | | – | 5,561 | 796 | 0.03% | | 0.57% | |
| Marxist–Leninist | Anna Di Carlo | 35 | – | – | – | | – | 4,996 | 464 | 0.03% | | 0.25% | |
| Communist | Elizabeth Rowley | 24 | – | – | – | | – | 4,685 | 15 | 0.02% | 0.01pp | 0.36% | |
| Centrist | A. Q. Rana | 19 | – | – | – | | – | 3,314 | 2,666 | 0.02% | 0.02pp | 0.31% | |
| Canadian Future | Dominic Cardy | 19 | New | – | – | New | – | 3,123 | New | 0.02% | New | 0.27% | |
| Animal Protection | Liz White | 7 | – | – | – | | – | 1,301 | 1,245 | 0.01% | | 0.32% | |
| Marijuana (D) | Blair T. Longley | 2 | – | – | – | | – | 133 | 1,898 | 0.00% | 0.01pp | 0.09% | |
| Vacant | 4 | — | |||||||||||
| Total valid votes | 19,641,663 | 2,727,388 | 100.00% | – | – | ||||||||
| Total rejected ballots | 169,857 | 5,711 | 0.86% | 0.16pp | – | ||||||||
| Total | 1,959 | 338 | 338 | 343 | 5 | 100.00% | 100.00% | – | 100.00% | ||||
| Electorate (eligible voters)/turnout | – | ||||||||||||
| Note: Official results with two judicial recounts to be completed. | |||||||||||||
| Source(s): Elections Canada (D) indicates a party deregistered before the next election | |||||||||||||
Canadian electoral regulatory bodies · Electoral regulatory bodies
British Columbia
British Columbia
Jurisdiction
British Columbia
Electoral regulatory body (year established)
Elections BC (1995)
Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election
Unicameral: All 93 seats in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (every 4 years, on the third Saturday of October)
Date of most recent major election
October 19, 2024
Next major election scheduled for / required by
October 21, 2028
Alberta
Alberta
Jurisdiction
Alberta
Electoral regulatory body (year established)
Elections Alberta (1977)
Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election
Unicameral: All 87 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta (every 4 years, on the third Monday of October, notwithstanding exceptions)
Date of most recent major election
May 29, 2023
Next major election scheduled for / required by
October 18, 2027
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Jurisdiction
Saskatchewan
Electoral regulatory body (year established)
Elections Saskatchewan (1959)
Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election
Unicameral: All 61 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (every 4 years, on the last Monday of October)
Date of most recent major election
October 28, 2024
Next major election scheduled for / required by
October 30, 2028
Manitoba
Manitoba
Jurisdiction
Manitoba
Electoral regulatory body (year established)
Elections Manitoba (1980)
Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election
Unicameral: All 57 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba (every 4 years, on the first Tuesday of October)
Date of most recent major election
October 3, 2023
Next major election scheduled for / required by
October 5, 2027
Ontario
Ontario
Jurisdiction
Ontario
Electoral regulatory body (year established)
Elections Ontario (1919)
Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election
Unicameral: All 124 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario (every 4 years, on the first Thursday of June)
Date of most recent major election
February 27, 2025
Next major election scheduled for / required by
June 7, 2029
Quebec
Quebec
Jurisdiction
Quebec
Electoral regulatory body (year established)
Élections Québec (1945)
Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election
Unicameral: All 125 seats in the National Assembly of Quebec (every 4 years, on the first Monday of October)
Date of most recent major election
October 3, 2022
Next major election scheduled for / required by
October 5, 2026
New Brunswick
New Brunswick
Jurisdiction
New Brunswick
Electoral regulatory body (year established)
Elections New Brunswick (1967)
Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election
Unicameral: All 49 seats in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (every 4 years, on the third Monday of October)
Date of most recent major election
October 21, 2024
Next major election scheduled for / required by
October 23, 2028
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island
Jurisdiction
Prince Edward Island
Electoral regulatory body (year established)
Elections Prince Edward Island (1965)
Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election
Unicameral: All 27 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (every 4 years, on the first Monday of October)
Date of most recent major election
April 3, 2023
Next major election scheduled for / required by
October 4, 2027
Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories
Jurisdiction
Northwest Territories
Electoral regulatory body (year established)
Elections NWT (1997)
Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election
Unicameral: All 19 seats in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories (every 4 years, on the first Tuesday of October)
Date of most recent major election
November 14, 2023
Next major election scheduled for / required by
October 5, 2027
Yukon
Yukon
Jurisdiction
Yukon
Electoral regulatory body (year established)
Elections Yukon (2002)
Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election
Unicameral: All 21 seats in the Yukon Legislative Assembly (every 4 years, on the first Monday of November)
Date of most recent major election
November 3, 2025
Next major election scheduled for / required by
November 5, 2029
Nunavut
Nunavut
Jurisdiction
Nunavut
Electoral regulatory body (year established)
Elections Nunavut (2003)
Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election
Unicameral: All 22 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut (every 4 years, on the last Monday of October)
Date of most recent major election
October 27, 2025
Next major election scheduled for / required by
October 29, 2029
| Jurisdiction | Electoral regulatory body (year established) | Periodic oversight of legislative seat contests in any given election | Date of most recent major election | Next major election scheduled for / required by |
| Federal | Elections Canada (1920) | Lower house: All 343 seats in the House of Commons of Canada (every 4 years, on the third Monday of October) | April 28, 2025 | October 15, 2029 |
| British Columbia | Elections BC (1995) | Unicameral: All 93 seats in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (every 4 years, on the third Saturday of October) | October 19, 2024 | October 21, 2028 |
| Alberta | Elections Alberta (1977) | Unicameral: All 87 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta (every 4 years, on the third Monday of October, notwithstanding exceptions) | May 29, 2023 | October 18, 2027 |
| Saskatchewan | Elections Saskatchewan (1959) | Unicameral: All 61 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan (every 4 years, on the last Monday of October) | October 28, 2024 | October 30, 2028 |
| Manitoba | Elections Manitoba (1980) | Unicameral: All 57 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba (every 4 years, on the first Tuesday of October) | October 3, 2023 | October 5, 2027 |
| Ontario | Elections Ontario (1919) | Unicameral: All 124 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario (every 4 years, on the first Thursday of June) | February 27, 2025 | June 7, 2029 |
| Quebec | Élections Québec (1945) | Unicameral: All 125 seats in the National Assembly of Quebec (every 4 years, on the first Monday of October) | October 3, 2022 | October 5, 2026 |
| Nova Scotia | Elections Nova Scotia (1991) | Unicameral: All 55 seats in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly (every 4 years, on the third Tuesday of July) | November 26, 2024 | July 18, 2028 |
| New Brunswick | Elections New Brunswick (1967) | Unicameral: All 49 seats in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (every 4 years, on the third Monday of October) | October 21, 2024 | October 23, 2028 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | Elections Newfoundland & Labrador (1991) | Unicameral: All 40 seats in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (every 4 years, on the second Tuesday of October) | October 14, 2025 | October 9, 2029 |
| Prince Edward Island | Elections Prince Edward Island (1965) | Unicameral: All 27 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island (every 4 years, on the first Monday of October) | April 3, 2023 | October 4, 2027 |
| Northwest Territories | Elections NWT (1997) | Unicameral: All 19 seats in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories (every 4 years, on the first Tuesday of October) | November 14, 2023 | October 5, 2027 |
| Yukon | Elections Yukon (2002) | Unicameral: All 21 seats in the Yukon Legislative Assembly (every 4 years, on the first Monday of November) | November 3, 2025 | November 5, 2029 |
| Nunavut | Elections Nunavut (2003) | Unicameral: All 22 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut (every 4 years, on the last Monday of October) | October 27, 2025 | October 29, 2029 |
· Provincial and territorial › Results
Yukon
Yukon
Province or territory
Yukon
Date of most recent election
November 3, 2025
Liberal
12
New Democrat
6
Other Conservative Party
14 (Yukon Party)
Total seats
21
Nunavut
Nunavut
Province or territory
Nunavut
Date of most recent election
October 27, 2025
Other
221
Total seats
22
Newfoundland & Labrador
Newfoundland & Labrador
Province or territory
Newfoundland & Labrador
Date of most recent election
October 14, 2025
Progressive Conservative
21
Liberal
15
New Democrat
2
Other
2 (Independent)
Total seats
40
Ontario
Ontario
Province or territory
Ontario
Date of most recent election
February 27, 2025
Progressive Conservative
80
Liberal
142
New Democrat
27
Green
2
Other
1 (Independent)
Total seats
124
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia
Province or territory
Nova Scotia
Date of most recent election
November 26, 2024
Progressive Conservative
43
Liberal
2
New Democrat
9
Other
1 (Independent)
Total seats
55
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Province or territory
Saskatchewan
Date of most recent election
October 28, 2024
New Democrat
27
Other Conservative Party
34 (Saskatchewan Party)
Total seats
61
New Brunswick
New Brunswick
Province or territory
New Brunswick
Date of most recent election
October 21, 2024
Progressive Conservative
16
Liberal
31
Green
2
Total seats
49
British Columbia
British Columbia
Province or territory
British Columbia
Date of most recent election
October 19, 2024
New Democrat
47
Green
2
Other Conservative Party
44 (BC Conservatives)
Total seats
93
Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories
Province or territory
Northwest Territories
Date of most recent election
November 14, 2023
Other
191
Total seats
19
Manitoba
Manitoba
Province or territory
Manitoba
Date of most recent election
October 3, 2023
Progressive Conservative
22
Liberal
12
New Democrat
34
Total seats
57
Alberta
Alberta
Province or territory
Alberta
Date of most recent election
May 29, 2023
New Democrat
38
Other Conservative Party
49 (United Conservative Party)
Total seats
87
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island
Province or territory
Prince Edward Island
Date of most recent election
April 3, 2023
Progressive Conservative
22
Liberal
3
Green
2
Total seats
27
Quebec
Quebec
Province or territory
Quebec
Date of most recent election
October 3, 2022
Liberal
212
Other Conservative Party
90 (Coalition Avenir Québec)
Other
11 (Québec Solidaire)3 (Parti Québécois)
Total seats
125
| Province or territory | Date of most recent election | Progressive Conservative | Liberal | New Democrat | Green | Other Conservative Party | Other | Total seats | |
| Yukon | November 3, 2025 | 12 | 6 | 14 (Yukon Party) | 21 | ||||
| Nunavut | October 27, 2025 | 221 | 22 | ||||||
| Newfoundland & Labrador | October 14, 2025 | 21 | 15 | 2 | 2 (Independent) | 40 | |||
| Ontario | February 27, 2025 | 80 | 142 | 27 | 2 | 1 (Independent) | 124 | ||
| Nova Scotia | November 26, 2024 | 43 | 2 | 9 | 1 (Independent) | 55 | |||
| Saskatchewan | October 28, 2024 | 27 | 34 (Saskatchewan Party) | 61 | |||||
| New Brunswick | October 21, 2024 | 16 | 31 | 2 | 49 | ||||
| British Columbia | October 19, 2024 | 47 | 2 | 44 (BC Conservatives) | 93 | ||||
| Northwest Territories | November 14, 2023 | 191 | 19 | ||||||
| Manitoba | October 3, 2023 | 22 | 12 | 34 | 57 | ||||
| Alberta | May 29, 2023 | 38 | 49 (United Conservative Party) | 87 | |||||
| Prince Edward Island | April 3, 2023 | 22 | 3 | 2 | 27 | ||||
| Quebec | October 3, 2022 | 212 | 90 (Coalition Avenir Québec) | 11 (Québec Solidaire)3 (Parti Québécois) | 125 |
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- CBChttps://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/prince-edward-island/pei-proportional-representation-citizens-committee-1.6254341
- "Réforme du mode de scrutin : Montréal perdra trois sièges au bénéfice des régions"https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1484171/reforme-mode-scrutin-montreal-regions-quebec-politique
- National Assembly of Québechttp://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_149283en&process=Original&token=ZyMoxNwUn8ikQ+TRKYwPCjWrKwg+vIv9rjij7p3xLGTZDmLVSmJLoqe%2FvG7%2FYWzz
- CBC Montrealhttps://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-electoral-reform-referendum-2022-1.6005897