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Economy of India

Updated: Wikipedia source

Economy of India

The economy of India is a developing mixed economy with a notable public sector in strategic sectors. It is the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP); on a per capita income basis, India ranked 136th by nominal GDP and 119th by PPP-adjusted GDP. From independence in 1947 until 1991, successive governments followed the Soviet model and promoted protectionist economic policies, with extensive Sovietization, state intervention, demand-side economics, natural resources, bureaucrat-driven enterprises and economic regulation. This was a form of the Licence Raj. The end of the Cold War and an acute balance of payments crisis in 1991 led to the adoption of a broad economic liberalisation in India and indicative planning. India has about 1,900 public sector companies, with the Indian state having complete control and ownership of railways. While the Indian government retains ownership through the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), a large share of new national highway projects are now built and maintained under Public–private partnership (PPP) models rather than being fully government‑funded. The government plays a major role in sectors like supercomputing, space and shipping but private participation is growing, especially in space, telecom, and satellite communications. Nearly 70% of India's GDP is driven by domestic consumption; the country remains the world's third-largest consumer market. Aside from private consumption, India's GDP is also fueled by government spending, investments, and exports. As of 2025, India is the world's 7th-largest importer and the 10th-largest exporter. India is often described as the ‘pharmacy of the world’, supplying roughly 20% of the global demand for generic medicines and exporting pharmaceuticals to over 200 countries in 2023–24, with around 70% of exports to highly regulated markets like North America and Europe. India has been a member of the World Trade Organization since 1 January 1995. It ranks 40th on the Global Competitiveness Index. As of 2025, India ranks third in the world in total number of billionaires. According to the World Bank, India's Gini index fell to 25.5 in 2022‑23, making it the fourth-most equal country globally, suggesting significant progress in income equality. Economists and social scientists often consider India a welfare state. India's overall social welfare spending stood at 8.6% of GDP in 2021-22. With 607 million workers, the Indian labour force is the world's second-largest. Although India's labour productivity is lower than advanced economies, it aligns with levels observed in many emerging Asian countries like China. In 2021–22, the foreign direct investment (FDI) in India was $82 billion. The leading sectors for FDI inflows were the Finance, Banking, Insurance and R&D. India has established free trade agreements and economic‑partnership with several countries and regional blocs, including ASEAN, SAFTA, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Oman and the United Arab Emirates, while also concluding agreements with EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) and the United Kingdom. India maintains Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreements (CECA/CEPA) with Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius, and Japan, and continues to negotiate or review trade agreements with partners such as Chile, New Zealand, Canada, Israel, the European Union, and the Eurasian Economic Union. Additionally, India has bilateral investment and tax treaties with countries including Bangladesh, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, and Trinidad & Tobago. As of 2025, the service sector accounts for around 55% of GDP. India has two of the world's ten largest stock exchanges (both by trade volume and market capitalisation). According to United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) India is the world's fifth-largest manufacturer, representing 3.2% of global manufacturing output. India’s digital economy was estimated at US$402 billion in 2022–23, equal to about 11.74% of GDP, and is projected to rise to around 13.4% by 2024–25 and nearly 20% of GDP by 2029–30, with its total value expected to surpass US$1 trillion by 2029. Nearly 63% of India's population is rural, and contributes about 46% of India's GDP. India's unemployment rate remained at 3.2% in 2023–24. The labour force participation rate reached 60.1% overall, with a worker–population ratio of 58.2%. India's gross domestic savings rate stood at 29.3% of GDP in 2022.

Infobox

Currency
Indian rupee (INR, ₹)
Fiscal year
1 April – 31 March
Trade organisations
WTO, WCO, SAFTA, BIMSTEC, WFTU, BRICS, G-20, BIS, AIIB, ADB and others
Country group
mw- Developing Lower-middle income economy Newly industrialized country
Population
1,428,627,663 (1st; 2024 est.)
GDP
$4.19 trillion (nominal; 2025 est.) $17.71 trillion (PPP; 2025 est.)
GDP rank
5th (nominal; 2025) 3rd (PPP; 2025)
GDP growth
6.5% (FY2024) 6.6% (FY2025) 8.2% (Q2 FY2025) 6.3% (FY2026)
GDP per capita
$2,820 (nominal; 2025 est.) $12,100 (PPP; 2025 est.)
GDP per capita rank
136th (nominal; 2025)[a] 119th (PPP; 2025)[a]
GDP by sector
Agriculture: 17.7% Industry: 27.6% Services: 54.7% (FY 2023–24)
GDP by component
Private final consumption: 56.3% Government final consumption: 9.3% Gross fixed capital formation: 33.5% Exports of goods and services: 22.6% Imports of goods and services: -23.2% Other source: 2.5% (FY 2024–25)
Inflation (CPI)
0.25% (October 2025)
Population below poverty line
5.25% on less than $3/day (2022) 82.06% on less than $8.30/day (2022)
Gini coefficient
25.5 } }low (2025)
Human Development Index
0.685 medium (2023, HDI 130th) 0.475 low (2023, IHDI 120th)
Corruption Perceptions Index
38 out of 100 points (2024) (rank 96th)
Labour force
610 million (2025) 42.1% employment rate
Labour force by occupation
Infrastructure: 13% Agriculture: 44% Industry: 28% Services: 34% (2023)
Unemployment
4.9% (March 2025)
Final consumption expenditure
70.7% of GDP (2023)
Gross capital formation
31% of GDP (2023)
Gross savings
31.781% of GDP (2023)
Yield curve
10-year bond 7.190% (Jan 2023)
Purchasing Managers' Index
58.3 Manufacturing (June 2024) 61.2 Services (June 2024)
Main industries
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Mining and ore processing (including Coal, Iron ore, Aluminium and other metals); Steel and other base metals; Petrochemicals; Cement; capital goods and heavy machinery; transportation equipment (including Automobiles and EV components); electronics and semiconductors; consumer electronics and home appliances; textiles and apparel; software and IT and Artificial intelligence; pharmaceuticals and biotechnology; medical devices; renewable energy; defense manufacturing; aerospace and space technology (satellites, launch vehicles); agribusiness and food processing; financial technology; infrastructure
Exports
$824.9 billion (FY 2024–25)
Export goods
Manufacturers 70.7%Fuels and mining products 14.7%Agricultural products 14.1%Others 0.5% (2022)
Main export partners
mw- li United States 17.7% European Union 17.4% United Arab Emirates 8.2% China 5.7% Hong Kong 1.9% Singapore 2.9% United Kingdom 2.6% Saudi Arabia 2.6% Bangladesh 2.5% South Africa 2.0% Australia 1.8% (2023–24)
Imports
$915.19 billion (FY 2024–25)
Import goods
Agricultural products 7%Fuels and mining products 33.2%Manufacturers 52.1%Other 7.7 % (2022)
Main import partners
China 18.1% Hong Kong 3.0% Russia 9.1% European Union 8.8% United Arab Emirates 7.1% United States 6.0% Saudi Arabia 4.7% Iraq 4.4% Indonesia 3.5% Switzerland 3.1% Singapore 3.1% (2023–24)
FDI stock
$514 billion (2021–22)
Current account
–$44.563 billion (2024) –1.146% of GDP (2024)
Gross external debt
$663.8 billion (March 2024) ( 18.7% of GDP)
Net international investment position
–$379.7 billion (June 2023)
Government debt
₹320.782 trillion (US$3.8 trillion) 80.4% of GDP (2025)
Foreign reserves
$688.10 billion[b] (4th) (as of 05 September 2025)
Budget balance
–6.4% of GDP (2022–23)
Revenues
₹34.96 trillion (US$410 billion) (2025–26)
Expenses
₹50.65 trillion (US$600 billion) (2025–26)
Economic aid
Donor: $4.234 billion (2021) ($30.59 billions Line of Credit in total)
Credit rating
Standard & Poor's: BBB Outlook: Stable Moody's: Baa3 Outlook: Stable Fitch: BBB− Outlook: Stable DBRS: BBB Outlook: Stable

Tables

· Data
1980
1980
Year
1980
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
366.4
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
526.9
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
189.4
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
271.0
GDP growth(real)
6.74%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
11.3%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
n/a
1981
1981
Year
1981
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
431.5
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
603.2
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
196.5
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
274.7
GDP growth(real)
6.01%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
12.7%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
n/a
1982
1982
Year
1982
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
474.1
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
647.5
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
203.5
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
278.0
GDP growth(real)
3.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
7.7%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
n/a
1983
1983
Year
1983
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
528.6
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
705.3
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
222.0
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
296.3
GDP growth(real)
7.3%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
12.6%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
n/a
1984
1984
Year
1984
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
568.6
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
741.4
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
215.6
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
281.1
GDP growth(real)
3.8%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
5.2%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
n/a
1985
1985
Year
1985
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
617.4
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
787.1
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
237.6
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
302.9
GDP growth(real)
5.3%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
5.56%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
n/a
1986
1986
Year
1986
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
659.9
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
822.8
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
252.8
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
315.2
GDP growth(real)
4.8%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
7.8%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
n/a
1987
1987
Year
1987
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
703.0
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
857.7
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
283.8
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
346.2
GDP growth(real)
4.0%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
9.1%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
n/a
1988
1988
Year
1988
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
797.9
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
952.7
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
299.6
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
357.8
GDP growth(real)
10.18%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
7.2%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
n/a
1989
1989
Year
1989
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
878.5
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,027.0
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
301.2
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
352.2
GDP growth(real)
5.9%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.6%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
n/a
1990
1990
Year
1990
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
961.8
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,101.3
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
326.6
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
374.0
GDP growth(real)
5.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
11.2%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
n/a
1991
1991
Year
1991
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
1,004.8
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,127.4
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
274.8
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
308.4
GDP growth(real)
1.1%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
13.5%
Unemployment(in Percent)
6.8%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
75.3%
1992
1992
Year
1992
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
1,084.1
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,192.2
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
293.3
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
322.5
GDP growth(real)
5.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
9.9%
Unemployment(in Percent)
6.8%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
77.4%
1993
1993
Year
1993
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
1,162.5
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,253.5
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
284.2
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
306.4
GDP growth(real)
4.8%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
7.3%
Unemployment(in Percent)
6.8%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
77.0%
1994
1994
Year
1994
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
1,266.4
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,339.2
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
333.0
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
352.2
GDP growth(real)
6.7%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
10.3%
Unemployment(in Percent)
6.8%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
73.5%
1995
1995
Year
1995
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
1,390.8
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,442.9
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
366.6
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
380.3
GDP growth(real)
7.6%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
10.0%
Unemployment(in Percent)
7%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
69.7%
1996
1996
Year
1996
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
1,523.2
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,550.6
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
399.8
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
407.0
GDP growth(real)
7.6%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
9.4%
Unemployment(in Percent)
7.2%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
66.0%
1997
1997
Year
1997
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
1,612.3
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,610.8
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
423.2
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
422.8
GDP growth(real)
4.1%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
6.8%
Unemployment(in Percent)
7.3%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
67.8%
1998
1998
Year
1998
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
1,731.2
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,698.1
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
428.8
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
420.6
GDP growth(real)
6.2%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
13.1%
Unemployment(in Percent)
7.5%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
68.1%
1999
1999
Year
1999
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
1,904.2
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,834.4
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
466.9
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
449.8
GDP growth(real)
8.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
5.7%
Unemployment(in Percent)
7.7%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
70.0%
2000
2000
Year
2000
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
2,024.7
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
1,916.3
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
476.6
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
451.1
GDP growth(real)
4.0%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
3.8%
Unemployment(in Percent)
7.8%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
73.6%
2001
2001
Year
2001
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
2,172.7
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
2,021.1
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
494.0
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
459.5
GDP growth(real)
4.9%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.3%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
78.7%
2002
2002
Year
2002
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
2,292.8
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
2,097.1
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
524.0
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
479.2
GDP growth(real)
3.9%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.0%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.2%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
82.9%
2003
2003
Year
2003
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
2,523.8
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
2,270.6
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
618.4
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
556.3
GDP growth(real)
7.9%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
3.9%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.4%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
84.4%
2004
2004
Year
2004
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
2,795.0
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
2,474.2
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
721.6
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
638.8
GDP growth(real)
7.8%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
3.8%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.5%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
83.4%
2005
2005
Year
2005
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
3,066.0
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
2.655.3
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
834.2
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
726.9
GDP growth(real)
9.3%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.4%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.7%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
81.0%
2006
2006
Year
2006
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
3,415.2
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
2,913.1
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
949.1
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
814.4
GDP growth(real)
9.3%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
6.7%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.6%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
77.2%
2007
2007
Year
2007
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
3,776.5
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
3,174.3
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
1,238.7
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,046.9
GDP growth(real)
10.3%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
6.2%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.5%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
74.1%
2008
2008
Year
2008
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
3,968.1
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
3,288.3
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
1,224.1
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,019.5
GDP growth(real)
3.9%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
9.1%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.5%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
72.8%
2009
2009
Year
2009
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
4,306.4
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
3,519.4
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
1,365.4
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,121.2
GDP growth(real)
7.9%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
12.3%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.4%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
71.5%
2010
2010
Year
2010
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
4,729.2
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
3,812.0
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
1,708.5
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,384.2
GDP growth(real)
8.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
10.5%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.3%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
66.4%
2011
2011
Year
2011
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
5,079.8
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
4,039.1
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
1,823.1
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,458.1
GDP growth(real)
6.6%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
9.5%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.2%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
68.6%
2012
2012
Year
2012
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
5,456.7
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
4,281.4
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
1,827.6
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,443.9
GDP growth(real)
5.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
10.0%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.1%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
68.0%
2013
2013
Year
2013
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
5,904.0
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
4,572.7
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
1,856.7
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,449.6
GDP growth(real)
6.4%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
9.4%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8.1%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
67.7%
2014
2014
Year
2014
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
6,451.9
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
4,935.5
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
2,039.1
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,573.9
GDP growth(real)
7.4%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
5.8%
Unemployment(in Percent)
8%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
67.1%
2015
2015
Year
2015
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
7,032.5
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
5,316.1
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
2,103.6
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,605.6
GDP growth(real)
8.0%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.9%
Unemployment(in Percent)
7.9%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
69.0%
2016
2016
Year
2016
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
7,685.5
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
5,741.2
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
2,294.8
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,732.6
GDP growth(real)
8.3%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.5%
Unemployment(in Percent)
7.8%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
68.9%
2017
2017
Year
2017
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
8,354.7
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
6,169.5
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
2,702.9
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,958.0
GDP growth(real)
6.8%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
3.6%
Unemployment(in Percent)
7.7%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
69.7%
2018
2018
Year
2018
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
9,230.8
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
6,742.7
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
2,702.9
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,974.4
GDP growth(real)
6.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
3.4%
Unemployment(in Percent)
7.7%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
70.4%
2019
2019
Year
2019
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
9,932.8
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
7,181.5
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
2,835.6
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
2,050.2
GDP growth(real)
4.2%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.8%
Unemployment(in Percent)
6.5%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
75.0%
2020
2020
Year
2020
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
9,771.0
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
6,997,4
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
2,674.8
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
1,915.6
GDP growth(real)
-5.8%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
6.1%
Unemployment(in Percent)
7.9%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
88.5%
2021
2021
Year
2021
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
11,384.4
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
8,088.0
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
3,167.3
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
2,250.1
GDP growth(real)
9.7%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
5.5%
Unemployment(in Percent)
6.4%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
83.7%
2022
2022
Year
2022
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
13,048.1
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
9,207.2
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
3,389.7
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
2,391.9
GDP growth(real)
7.6%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
6.7%
Unemployment(in Percent)
4.8%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
81.0%
2023
2023
Year
2023
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
14,619.8
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
10,233.4
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
3,567.5
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
2,497.2
GDP growth(real)
9.2%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
5.5%
Unemployment(in Percent)
4.7%
Government debt(in % of GDP)
81.9%
2024
2024
Year
2024
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
16,020.0
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
11,111.7
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
3,889.1
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
2,697.6
GDP growth(real)
7.0%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.6%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
83.0%
2025
2025
Year
2025
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
17,364.8
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
11,937.8
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
4,271.9
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
2,936.8
GDP growth(real)
6.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.1%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
82.6%
2026
2026
Year
2026
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
18,831.4
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
12,834.6
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
4,710.4
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
3,210.4
GDP growth(real)
6.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.1%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
81.8%
2027
2027
Year
2027
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
20,420.1
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
13,801.3
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
5,193.5
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
3,510.1
GDP growth(real)
6.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.0%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
80.7%
2028
2028
Year
2028
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
22,143.7
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
14,844.9
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
5,723.2
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
3,836.8
GDP growth(real)
6.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.0%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
80.0%
2029
2029
Year
2029
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
24,015.1
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
15,973.1
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
6,307.2
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
4,195.1
GDP growth(real)
6.5%
Inflation rate(in Percent)
4.0%
Unemployment(in Percent)
n/a
Government debt(in % of GDP)
78.4%
Year
GDP(in Bil. US$PPP)
GDP per capita(in US$ PPP)
GDP(in Bil. US$nominal)
GDP per capita(in US$ nominal)
GDP growth(real)
Inflation rate(in Percent)
Unemployment(in Percent)
Government debt(in % of GDP)
1980
366.4
526.9
189.4
271.0
6.74%
11.3%
n/a
n/a
1981
431.5
603.2
196.5
274.7
6.01%
12.7%
n/a
n/a
1982
474.1
647.5
203.5
278.0
3.5%
7.7%
n/a
n/a
1983
528.6
705.3
222.0
296.3
7.3%
12.6%
n/a
n/a
1984
568.6
741.4
215.6
281.1
3.8%
5.2%
n/a
n/a
1985
617.4
787.1
237.6
302.9
5.3%
5.56%
n/a
n/a
1986
659.9
822.8
252.8
315.2
4.8%
7.8%
n/a
n/a
1987
703.0
857.7
283.8
346.2
4.0%
9.1%
n/a
n/a
1988
797.9
952.7
299.6
357.8
10.18%
7.2%
n/a
n/a
1989
878.5
1,027.0
301.2
352.2
5.9%
4.6%
n/a
n/a
1990
961.8
1,101.3
326.6
374.0
5.5%
11.2%
n/a
n/a
1991
1,004.8
1,127.4
274.8
308.4
1.1%
13.5%
6.8%
75.3%
1992
1,084.1
1,192.2
293.3
322.5
5.5%
9.9%
6.8%
77.4%
1993
1,162.5
1,253.5
284.2
306.4
4.8%
7.3%
6.8%
77.0%
1994
1,266.4
1,339.2
333.0
352.2
6.7%
10.3%
6.8%
73.5%
1995
1,390.8
1,442.9
366.6
380.3
7.6%
10.0%
7%
69.7%
1996
1,523.2
1,550.6
399.8
407.0
7.6%
9.4%
7.2%
66.0%
1997
1,612.3
1,610.8
423.2
422.8
4.1%
6.8%
7.3%
67.8%
1998
1,731.2
1,698.1
428.8
420.6
6.2%
13.1%
7.5%
68.1%
1999
1,904.2
1,834.4
466.9
449.8
8.5%
5.7%
7.7%
70.0%
2000
2,024.7
1,916.3
476.6
451.1
4.0%
3.8%
7.8%
73.6%
2001
2,172.7
2,021.1
494.0
459.5
4.9%
4.3%
8%
78.7%
2002
2,292.8
2,097.1
524.0
479.2
3.9%
4.0%
8.2%
82.9%
2003
2,523.8
2,270.6
618.4
556.3
7.9%
3.9%
8.4%
84.4%
2004
2,795.0
2,474.2
721.6
638.8
7.8%
3.8%
8.5%
83.4%
2005
3,066.0
2.655.3
834.2
726.9
9.3%
4.4%
8.7%
81.0%
2006
3,415.2
2,913.1
949.1
814.4
9.3%
6.7%
8.6%
77.2%
2007
3,776.5
3,174.3
1,238.7
1,046.9
10.3%
6.2%
8.5%
74.1%
2008
3,968.1
3,288.3
1,224.1
1,019.5
3.9%
9.1%
8.5%
72.8%
2009
4,306.4
3,519.4
1,365.4
1,121.2
7.9%
12.3%
8.4%
71.5%
2010
4,729.2
3,812.0
1,708.5
1,384.2
8.5%
10.5%
8.3%
66.4%
2011
5,079.8
4,039.1
1,823.1
1,458.1
6.6%
9.5%
8.2%
68.6%
2012
5,456.7
4,281.4
1,827.6
1,443.9
5.5%
10.0%
8.1%
68.0%
2013
5,904.0
4,572.7
1,856.7
1,449.6
6.4%
9.4%
8.1%
67.7%
2014
6,451.9
4,935.5
2,039.1
1,573.9
7.4%
5.8%
8%
67.1%
2015
7,032.5
5,316.1
2,103.6
1,605.6
8.0%
4.9%
7.9%
69.0%
2016
7,685.5
5,741.2
2,294.8
1,732.6
8.3%
4.5%
7.8%
68.9%
2017
8,354.7
6,169.5
2,702.9
1,958.0
6.8%
3.6%
7.7%
69.7%
2018
9,230.8
6,742.7
2,702.9
1,974.4
6.5%
3.4%
7.7%
70.4%
2019
9,932.8
7,181.5
2,835.6
2,050.2
4.2%
4.8%
6.5%
75.0%
2020
9,771.0
6,997,4
2,674.8
1,915.6
-5.8%
6.1%
7.9%
88.5%
2021
11,384.4
8,088.0
3,167.3
2,250.1
9.7%
5.5%
6.4%
83.7%
2022
13,048.1
9,207.2
3,389.7
2,391.9
7.6%
6.7%
4.8%
81.0%
2023
14,619.8
10,233.4
3,567.5
2,497.2
9.2%
5.5%
4.7%
81.9%
2024
16,020.0
11,111.7
3,889.1
2,697.6
7.0%
4.6%
n/a
83.0%
2025
17,364.8
11,937.8
4,271.9
2,936.8
6.5%
4.1%
n/a
82.6%
2026
18,831.4
12,834.6
4,710.4
3,210.4
6.5%
4.1%
n/a
81.8%
2027
20,420.1
13,801.3
5,193.5
3,510.1
6.5%
4.0%
n/a
80.7%
2028
22,143.7
14,844.9
5,723.2
3,836.8
6.5%
4.0%
n/a
80.0%
The top 15 largest economies in the world (GDP nominal from 1990 to 2030 in billions USD)[197][198] · Data › GDP (nominal) past and forecasts
United States
United States
Country
United States
1990
5,963
Country
United States
2000
10,250
Country
United States
2010
15,048
Country
United States
2020
21,354
Country
United States
2030
37,153
Japan
Japan
Country
Japan
1990
3,185
Country
Japan
2000
4,968
Country
China
2010
6,138
Country
China
2020
15,103
Country
China
2030
25,827
Germany
Germany
Country
Germany
1990
1,604
Country
Germany
2000
1,967
Country
Japan
2010
5,759
Country
Japan
2020
5,054
Country
India
2030
6,769
France
France
Country
France
1990
1,260
Country
United Kingdom
2000
1,668
Country
Germany
2010
3,470
Country
Germany
2020
3,936
Country
Germany
2030
5,575
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Country
United Kingdom
1990
1,197
Country
France
2000
1,361
Country
France
2010
2,648
Country
United Kingdom
2020
2,698
Country
Japan
2030
4,994
Italy
Italy
Country
Italy
1990
1,164
Country
China
2000
1,220
Country
United Kingdom
2010
2,487
Country
India
2020
2,674
Country
United Kingdom
2030
4,955
Canada
Canada
Country
Canada
1990
596
Country
Italy
2000
1,150
Country
Brazil
2010
2,208
Country
France
2020
2,645
Country
France
2030
3,754
Iran
Iran
Country
Iran
1990
581
Country
Canada
2000
744
Country
Italy
2010
2,146
Country
Italy
2020
1,905
Country
Canada
2030
2,792
Spain
Spain
Country
Spain
1990
536
Country
Mexico
2000
742
Country
India
2010
1,675
Country
South Korea
2020
1,744
Country
Italy
2030
2,779
Brazil
Brazil
Country
Brazil
1990
455
Country
Brazil
2000
655
Country
Russia
2010
1,633
Country
Canada
2020
1,655
Country
Brazil
2030
2,679
China
China
Country
China
1990
397
Country
Spain
2000
598
Country
Canada
2010
1,617
Country
Russia
2020
1,488
Country
Russia
2030
2,384
Australia
Australia
Country
Australia
1990
324
Country
South Korea
2000
597
Country
Spain
2010
1,429
Country
Brazil
2020
1,476
Country
Spain
2030
2,201
Netherlands
Netherlands
Country
Netherlands
1990
321
Country
India
2000
468
Country
Australia
2010
1,254
Country
Australia
2020
1,362
Country
Australia
2030
2,181
India
India
Country
India
1990
320
Country
Netherlands
2000
417
Country
South Korea
2010
1,192
Country
Spain
2020
1,288
Country
Mexico
2030
2,151
Mexico
Mexico
Country
Mexico
1990
307
Country
Australia
2000
400
Country
Mexico
2010
1,105
Country
Mexico
2020
1,121
Country
South Korea
2030
2,149
Country
1990
Country
2000
Country
2010
Country
2020
Country
2030
United States
5,963
United States
10,250
United States
15,048
United States
21,354
United States
37,153
Japan
3,185
Japan
4,968
China
6,138
China
15,103
China
25,827
Germany
1,604
Germany
1,967
Japan
5,759
Japan
5,054
India
6,769
France
1,260
United Kingdom
1,668
Germany
3,470
Germany
3,936
Germany
5,575
United Kingdom
1,197
France
1,361
France
2,648
United Kingdom
2,698
Japan
4,994
Italy
1,164
China
1,220
United Kingdom
2,487
India
2,674
United Kingdom
4,955
Canada
596
Italy
1,150
Brazil
2,208
France
2,645
France
3,754
Iran
581
Canada
744
Italy
2,146
Italy
1,905
Canada
2,792
Spain
536
Mexico
742
India
1,675
South Korea
1,744
Italy
2,779
Brazil
455
Brazil
655
Russia
1,633
Canada
1,655
Brazil
2,679
China
397
Spain
598
Canada
1,617
Russia
1,488
Russia
2,384
Australia
324
South Korea
597
Spain
1,429
Brazil
1,476
Spain
2,201
Netherlands
321
India
468
Australia
1,254
Australia
1,362
Australia
2,181
India
320
Netherlands
417
South Korea
1,192
Spain
1,288
Mexico
2,151
Mexico
307
Australia
400
Mexico
1,105
Mexico
1,121
South Korea
2,149
Sectoral shares % in GDP (at constant basic prices)[199] · Economic sectors
Primary
Primary
Sectors
Primary
FY 2011-12
21.7
FY 2012-13
21.3
FY 2013-14
21.4
FY 2014-15
20.9
FY 2015-16
20.1
FY 2016-17
20.4
FY 2017-18
20.4
FY 2018-19
19.8
FY 2019-20
20.3
FY 2020-21
22.1
FY 2021-22
21.0
FY 2022-23
20.1
FY 2023-24
19.7
Secondary
Secondary
Sectors
Secondary
FY 2011-12
29.3
FY 2012-13
28.7
FY 2013-14
27.9
FY 2014-15
27.3
FY 2015-16
27.6
FY 2016-17
27.0
FY 2017-18
27.0
FY 2018-19
26.9
FY 2019-20
25.0
FY 2020-21
25.6
FY 2021-22
26.8
FY 2022-23
25.6
FY 2023-24
25.9
Tertiary
Tertiary
Sectors
Tertiary
FY 2011-12
49.0
FY 2012-13
50.0
FY 2013-14
50.6
FY 2014-15
51.8
FY 2015-16
52.3
FY 2016-17
52.6
FY 2017-18
52.5
FY 2018-19
53.3
FY 2019-20
54.8
FY 2020-21
52.3
FY 2021-22
52.2
FY 2022-23
54.3
FY 2023-24
54.4
Sectors
FY 2011-12
FY 2012-13
FY 2013-14
FY 2014-15
FY 2015-16
FY 2016-17
FY 2017-18
FY 2018-19
FY 2019-20
FY 2020-21
FY 2021-22
FY 2022-23
FY 2023-24
Primary
21.7
21.3
21.4
20.9
20.1
20.4
20.4
19.8
20.3
22.1
21.0
20.1
19.7
Secondary
29.3
28.7
27.9
27.3
27.6
27.0
27.0
26.9
25.0
25.6
26.8
25.6
25.9
Tertiary
49.0
50.0
50.6
51.8
52.3
52.6
52.5
53.3
54.8
52.3
52.2
54.3
54.4
Production & sale of vehicles in India[223] · Economic sectors › Automobile industry
Passenger Vehicles
Passenger Vehicles
Type
Passenger Vehicles
Col 2
Production
2019-20
3,424,564
2020-21
3,062,280
2021-22
3,650,698
2022-23
4,587,116
2023-24
4,901,840
2024-25
5,061,164
Domestic Sales
Domestic Sales
Type
Domestic Sales
Col 2
2,773,519
2019-20
2,711,457
2020-21
3,069,523
2021-22
3,890,114
2022-23
4,218,750
2023-24
4,301,848
Export Sales
Export Sales
Type
Export Sales
Col 2
662,118
2019-20
404,397
2020-21
577,875
2021-22
662,891
2022-23
672,105
2023-24
770,364
Commercial Vehicles
Commercial Vehicles
Type
Commercial Vehicles
Col 2
Production
2019-20
756,725
2020-21
624,939
2021-22
805,527
2022-23
1,035,626
2023-24
1,067,504
2024-25
1,032,645
Domestic Sales
Domestic Sales
Type
Domestic Sales
Col 2
717,593
2019-20
568,559
2020-21
716,566
2021-22
962,468
2022-23
968,770
2023-24
956,671
Export Sales
Export Sales
Type
Export Sales
Col 2
60,379
2019-20
50,334
2020-21
92,297
2021-22
78,645
2022-23
65,818
2023-24
80,986
Three wheelers
Three wheelers
Type
Three wheelers
Col 2
Production
2019-20
1,132,982
2020-21
614,613
2021-22
758,669
2022-23
855,696
2023-24
996,159
2024-25
1,050,020
Domestic Sales
Domestic Sales
Type
Domestic Sales
Col 2
637,065
2019-20
219,446
2020-21
261,385
2021-22
488,768
2022-23
694,801
2023-24
741,420
Export Sales
Export Sales
Type
Export Sales
Col 2
501,651
2019-20
393,001
2020-21
499,730
2021-22
365,549
2022-23
299,977
2023-24
306,914
Two wheelers
Two wheelers
Type
Two wheelers
Col 2
Production
2019-20
21,032,927
2020-21
18,349,941
2021-22
17,821,111
2022-23
19,459,009
2023-24
21,468,527
2024-25
23,883,857
Domestic Sales
Domestic Sales
Type
Domestic Sales
Col 2
17,416,432
2019-20
15,120,783
2020-21
13,570,008
2021-22
15,862,771
2022-23
17,974,365
2023-24
19,607,332
Export Sales
Export Sales
Type
Export Sales
Col 2
3,519,405
2019-20
3,282,786
2020-21
4,443,131
2021-22
3,652,122
2022-23
3,458,416
2023-24
4,198,403
Type
2019-20
2020-21
2021-22
2022-23
2023-24
2024-25
Passenger Vehicles
Production
3,424,564
3,062,280
3,650,698
4,587,116
4,901,840
5,061,164
Domestic Sales
2,773,519
2,711,457
3,069,523
3,890,114
4,218,750
4,301,848
Export Sales
662,118
404,397
577,875
662,891
672,105
770,364
Commercial Vehicles
Production
756,725
624,939
805,527
1,035,626
1,067,504
1,032,645
Domestic Sales
717,593
568,559
716,566
962,468
968,770
956,671
Export Sales
60,379
50,334
92,297
78,645
65,818
80,986
Three wheelers
Production
1,132,982
614,613
758,669
855,696
996,159
1,050,020
Domestic Sales
637,065
219,446
261,385
488,768
694,801
741,420
Export Sales
501,651
393,001
499,730
365,549
299,977
306,914
Two wheelers
Production
21,032,927
18,349,941
17,821,111
19,459,009
21,468,527
23,883,857
Domestic Sales
17,416,432
15,120,783
13,570,008
15,862,771
17,974,365
19,607,332
Export Sales
3,519,405
3,282,786
4,443,131
3,652,122
3,458,416
4,198,403
Summary indicators: Construction sector (FY 2024–25) · Construction & Real Estate
Construction sector real GVA
Construction sector real GVA
Indicator
Construction sector real GVA
Value
₹15.72 lakh crore (↑ 9.4% YoY)
Construction sector nominal GVA
Construction sector nominal GVA
Indicator
Construction sector nominal GVA
Value
₹26.27 lakh crore (↑ 9.4% YoY)
Estimated employment in construction
Estimated employment in construction
Indicator
Estimated employment in construction
Value
~71 million (projected 100 million by 2030)
MGNREGA person-days generated
MGNREGA person-days generated
Indicator
MGNREGA person-days generated
Value
>312 crore (FY24); >288 crore (FY25)
Indicator
Value
Construction sector real GVA
lakh crore (↑ 9.4% YoY)
Construction sector nominal GVA
lakh crore (↑ 9.4% YoY)
Estimated employment in construction
~71 million (projected 100 million by 2030)
MGNREGA person-days generated
>312 crore (FY24); >288 crore (FY25)
Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Indian States and UTs for 2024–25 (Nominal)[347] · Regional economies
1
1
S.No
1
State/UT
Maharashtra
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
42.67
GSDP (Billion USD)
497.86
Share %
13.17%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Austria
2
2
S.No
2
State/UT
Tamil Nadu
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
30.97
GSDP (Billion USD)
361.45
Share %
9.56%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Denmark
3
3
S.No
3
State/UT
Karnataka
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
28.13
GSDP (Billion USD)
328.17
Share %
8.68%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Malaysia
4
4
S.No
4
State/UT
Gujarat
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
27.99
GSDP (Billion USD)
326.54
Share %
8.64%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Singapore
5
5
S.No
5
State/UT
Uttar Pradesh
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
26.63
GSDP (Billion USD)
310.88
Share %
8.22%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Philippines
6
6
S.No
6
State/UT
West Bengal
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
18.76
GSDP (Billion USD)
219.01
Share %
5.79%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
New Zealand
7
7
S.No
7
State/UT
Rajasthan
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
17.13
GSDP (Billion USD)
199.79
Share %
5.29%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Hungary
8
8
S.No
8
State/UT
Andhra Pradesh
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
15.81
GSDP (Billion USD)
184.53
Share %
4.88%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Romania
9
9
S.No
9
State/UT
Telangana
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
15.26
GSDP (Billion USD)
178.00
Share %
4.71%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Ukraine
10
10
S.No
10
State/UT
Madhya Pradesh
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
15.12
GSDP (Billion USD)
176.37
Share %
4.67%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Ukraine
11
11
S.No
11
State/UT
Kerala
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
12.31
GSDP (Billion USD)
143.64
Share %
3.80%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Slovakia
12
12
S.No
12
State/UT
Haryana
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
12.19
GSDP (Billion USD)
142.24
Share %
3.76%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Ecuador
13
13
S.No
13
State/UT
Delhi
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
11.33
GSDP (Billion USD)
132.23
Share %
3.50%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Kenya
14
14
S.No
14
State/UT
Bihar
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
9.76
GSDP (Billion USD)
113.96
Share %
3.01%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Sri Lanka
15
15
S.No
15
State/UT
Odisha
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
9.42
GSDP (Billion USD)
109.94
Share %
2.91%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Croatia
16
16
S.No
16
State/UT
Punjab
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
8.91
GSDP (Billion USD)
104.00
Share %
2.75%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Luxembourg
17
17
S.No
17
State/UT
Assam
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
6.46
GSDP (Billion USD)
75.39
Share %
2.00%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Bulgaria
18
18
S.No
18
State/UT
Chhattisgarh
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
5.80
GSDP (Billion USD)
67.68
Share %
1.59%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Serbia
19
19
S.No
19
State/UT
Jharkhand
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
4.82
GSDP (Billion USD)
56.25
Share %
1.32%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Ethiopia
20
20
S.No
20
State/UT
Uttarakhand
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
3.80
GSDP (Billion USD)
44.34
Share %
1.05%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Latvia
21
21
S.No
21
State/UT
Jammu & Kashmir
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
2.63
GSDP (Billion USD)
30.69
Share %
0.70%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Nepal
22
22
S.No
22
State/UT
Himachal Pradesh
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
2.45
GSDP (Billion USD)
28.59
Share %
0.65%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Georgia
23
23
S.No
23
State/UT
Goa
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
1.14
GSDP (Billion USD)
13.30
Share %
0.35%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Mali
24
24
S.No
24
State/UT
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
1.02
GSDP (Billion USD)
11.90
Share %
0.31%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Malawi
25
25
S.No
25
State/UT
Chandigarh
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
0.56
GSDP (Billion USD)
6.54
Share %
0.17%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Fiji
26
26
S.No
26
State/UT
Sikkim
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
0.54
GSDP (Billion USD)
6.30
Share %
0.17%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Montenegro
27
27
S.No
27
State/UT
Meghalaya
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
0.54
GSDP (Billion USD)
6.30
Share %
0.17%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Montenegro
28
28
S.No
28
State/UT
Manipur
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
0.52
GSDP (Billion USD)
6.07
Share %
0.16%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Liberia
29
29
S.No
29
State/UT
Puducherry
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
0.45
GSDP (Billion USD)
5.25
Share %
0.14%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Lesotho
30
30
S.No
30
State/UT
Arunachal Pradesh
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
0.44
GSDP (Billion USD)
5.13
Share %
0.14%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Lesotho
31
31
S.No
31
State/UT
Nagaland
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
0.43
GSDP (Billion USD)
5.02
Share %
0.13%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Belize
32
32
S.No
32
State/UT
Mizoram
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
0.42
GSDP (Billion USD)
4.90
Share %
0.13%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Belize
33
33
S.No
33
State/UT
Tripura
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
0.31
GSDP (Billion USD)
3.62
Share %
0.10%
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
Bhutan
Total India (2024–25)
Total India (2024–25)
S.No
Total India (2024–25)
State/UT
324.11
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
3780.00
GSDP (Billion USD)
100%
Share %
India
S.No
State/UT
GSDP (₹ Lakh Crore)
GSDP (Billion USD)
Share %
Equivalent Country (Nominal GDP)
1
Maharashtra
42.67
497.86
13.17%
Austria
2
Tamil Nadu
30.97
361.45
9.56%
Denmark
3
Karnataka
28.13
328.17
8.68%
Malaysia
4
Gujarat
27.99
326.54
8.64%
Singapore
5
Uttar Pradesh
26.63
310.88
8.22%
Philippines
6
West Bengal
18.76
219.01
5.79%
New Zealand
7
Rajasthan
17.13
199.79
5.29%
Hungary
8
Andhra Pradesh
15.81
184.53
4.88%
Romania
9
Telangana
15.26
178.00
4.71%
Ukraine
10
Madhya Pradesh
15.12
176.37
4.67%
Ukraine
11
Kerala
12.31
143.64
3.80%
Slovakia
12
Haryana
12.19
142.24
3.76%
Ecuador
13
Delhi
11.33
132.23
3.50%
Kenya
14
Bihar
9.76
113.96
3.01%
Sri Lanka
15
Odisha
9.42
109.94
2.91%
Croatia
16
Punjab
8.91
104.00
2.75%
Luxembourg
17
Assam
6.46
75.39
2.00%
Bulgaria
18
Chhattisgarh
5.80
67.68
1.59%
Serbia
19
Jharkhand
4.82
56.25
1.32%
Ethiopia
20
Uttarakhand
3.80
44.34
1.05%
Latvia
21
Jammu & Kashmir
2.63
30.69
0.70%
Nepal
22
Himachal Pradesh
2.45
28.59
0.65%
Georgia
23
Goa
1.14
13.30
0.35%
Mali
24
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
1.02
11.90
0.31%
Malawi
25
Chandigarh
0.56
6.54
0.17%
Fiji
26
Sikkim
0.54
6.30
0.17%
Montenegro
27
Meghalaya
0.54
6.30
0.17%
Montenegro
28
Manipur
0.52
6.07
0.16%
Liberia
29
Puducherry
0.45
5.25
0.14%
Lesotho
30
Arunachal Pradesh
0.44
5.13
0.14%
Lesotho
31
Nagaland
0.43
5.02
0.13%
Belize
32
Mizoram
0.42
4.90
0.13%
Belize
33
Tripura
0.31
3.62
0.10%
Bhutan
Total India (2024–25)
324.11
3780.00
100%
India
· Currency › Exchange rates
1947
1947
Year
1947
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
3.31
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
13.33
1950
1950
Year
1950
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
4.76
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
—
1967
1967
Year
1967
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
7.50
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
17.76
1975
1975
Year
1975
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
9.4058
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
—
1980
1980
Year
1980
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
7.88
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
—
1985
1985
Year
1985
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
12.364
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
—
1987
1987
Year
1987
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
—
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
21.18
1990
1990
Year
1990
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
17.4992
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
31.07
1995
1995
Year
1995
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
32.4198
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
51.17
2000
2000
Year
2000
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
44.9401
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
67.99
2005
2005
Year
2005
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
44.1000
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
80.15
2010
2010
Year
2010
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
45.7393
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
70.65
2015
2015
Year
2015
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
64.05
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
98.0101
2016
2016
Year
2016
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
67.09
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
90.72
2017
2017
Year
2017
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
64.14
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
87.56
2018
2018
Year
2018
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
69.71
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
98.51
2019
2019
Year
2019
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
70.394
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
95.06
2020
2020
Year
2020
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
72.97
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
100.05
2021
2021
Year
2021
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
74.98
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
101.56
2022
2022
Year
2022
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
81.35
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
96.23
2023
2023
Year
2023
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
82.58
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
100.95
2024
2024
Year
2024
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
83.20
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
104.41
2025
2025
Year
2025
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
86.46
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
107.38
Year
INR₹ per US$(annual average)
INR₹ per Pound(£)(annual average)
1947
3.31
13.33
1950
4.76
—
1967
7.50
17.76
1975
9.4058
—
1980
7.88
—
1985
12.364
—
1987
—
21.18
1990
17.4992
31.07
1995
32.4198
51.17
2000
44.9401
67.99
2005
44.1000
80.15
2010
45.7393
70.65
2015
64.05
98.0101
2016
67.09
90.72
2017
64.14
87.56
2018
69.71
98.51
2019
70.394
95.06
2020
72.97
100.05
2021
74.98
101.56
2022
81.35
96.23
2023
82.58
100.95
2024
83.20
104.41
2025
86.46
107.38
· Foreign trade and investment › Major Trade Partners
United States
United States
Country
United States
Export Value
88.02
Import Value
43.01
Total Trade Value
130.3
Balance
45.01
China
China
Country
China
Export Value
16.66
Import Value
101.75
Total Trade Value
118.41
Balance
-85.09
United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
Country
United Arab Emirates
Export Value
35.63
Import Value
48.02
Total Trade Value
83.65
Balance
-12.39
Russia
Russia
Country
Russia
Export Value
4.26
Import Value
61.43
Total Trade Value
65.69
Balance
-57.17
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Country
Saudi Arabia
Export Value
11.56
Import Value
31.81
Total Trade Value
43.37
Balance
-20.25
Singapore
Singapore
Country
Singapore
Export Value
14.41
Import Value
21.20
Total Trade Value
35.61
Balance
-6.79
Iraq
Iraq
Country
Iraq
Export Value
3.35
Import Value
30.00
Total Trade Value
33.35
Balance
-26.65
Indonesia
Indonesia
Country
Indonesia
Export Value
5.99
Import Value
23.41
Total Trade Value
29.40
Balance
-17.42
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Country
Hong Kong
Export Value
8.24
Import Value
20.45
Total Trade Value
28.69
Balance
-12.21
South Korea
South Korea
Country
South Korea
Export Value
6.42
Import Value
21.14
Total Trade Value
27.56
Balance
-14.72
Country
Export Value
Import Value
Total Trade Value
Balance
United States
88.02
43.01
130.3
45.01
China
16.66
101.75
118.41
-85.09
United Arab Emirates
35.63
48.02
83.65
-12.39
Russia
4.26
61.43
65.69
-57.17
Saudi Arabia
11.56
31.81
43.37
-20.25
Singapore
14.41
21.20
35.61
-6.79
Iraq
3.35
30.00
33.35
-26.65
Indonesia
5.99
23.41
29.40
-17.42
Hong Kong
8.24
20.45
28.69
-12.21
South Korea
6.42
21.14
27.56
-14.72
· Foreign trade and investment › Foreign trade › India's foreign trade by year
2024
2024
Year
2024
Total Trade(in USD billion)
1,631.48
Exports(in USD billion)
776.68
Imports(in USD billion)
854.80
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-78.12
2023
2023
Year
2023
Total Trade(in USD billion)
1,662.36
Exports(in USD billion)
770.18
Imports(in USD billion)
892.18
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-122.00
2022
2022
Year
2022
Total Trade(in USD billion)
1,436.59
Exports(in USD billion)
676.53
Imports(in USD billion)
760.06
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-83.53
2021
2021
Year
2021
Total Trade(in USD billion)
1,032
Exports(in USD billion)
420
Imports(in USD billion)
612
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-192.00
2020
2020
Year
2020
Total Trade(in USD billion)
781.5
Exports(in USD billion)
314.31
Imports(in USD billion)
467.19
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-158.88
2019
2019
Year
2019
Total Trade(in USD billion)
844.14
Exports(in USD billion)
330.07
Imports(in USD billion)
514.07
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-184
2018
2018
Year
2018
Total Trade(in USD billion)
769.1
Exports(in USD billion)
303.52
Imports(in USD billion)
465.58
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-162.05
2017
2017
Year
2017
Total Trade(in USD billion)
660.1
Exports(in USD billion)
275.8
Imports(in USD billion)
384.3
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-108.5
2016
2016
Year
2016
Total Trade(in USD billion)
643.3
Exports(in USD billion)
262.3
Imports(in USD billion)
381
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-118.7
2015
2015
Year
2015
Total Trade(in USD billion)
758.2
Exports(in USD billion)
310.3
Imports(in USD billion)
447.9
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-137.6
2014
2014
Year
2014
Total Trade(in USD billion)
781.1
Exports(in USD billion)
318.2
Imports(in USD billion)
462.9
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-144.7
2013
2013
Year
2013
Total Trade(in USD billion)
780.7
Exports(in USD billion)
313.2
Imports(in USD billion)
467.5
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-154.3
2012
2012
Year
2012
Total Trade(in USD billion)
798.8
Exports(in USD billion)
298.4
Imports(in USD billion)
500.4
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-202.0
2011
2011
Year
2011
Total Trade(in USD billion)
760.8
Exports(in USD billion)
299.4
Imports(in USD billion)
461.4
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-162.0
2010
2010
Year
2010
Total Trade(in USD billion)
528.1
Exports(in USD billion)
201.1
Imports(in USD billion)
327.0
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-125.9
2009
2009
Year
2009
Total Trade(in USD billion)
442.5
Exports(in USD billion)
168.2
Imports(in USD billion)
274.3
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-106.1
2008
2008
Year
2008
Total Trade(in USD billion)
481.9
Exports(in USD billion)
176.4
Imports(in USD billion)
305.5
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-129.1
2007
2007
Year
2007
Total Trade(in USD billion)
212.9
Exports(in USD billion)
112.0
Imports(in USD billion)
100.9
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
11.1
2006
2006
Year
2006
Total Trade(in USD billion)
189.33
Exports(in USD billion)
76.23
Imports(in USD billion)
113.1
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-36.87
2005
2005
Year
2005
Total Trade(in USD billion)
158.51
Exports(in USD billion)
69.18
Imports(in USD billion)
89.33
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-20.15
2004
2004
Year
2004
Total Trade(in USD billion)
131.39
Exports(in USD billion)
57.24
Imports(in USD billion)
74.15
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-16.91
2003
2003
Year
2003
Total Trade(in USD billion)
109.9
Exports(in USD billion)
48.3
Imports(in USD billion)
61.6
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-13.3
2002
2002
Year
2002
Total Trade(in USD billion)
98.3
Exports(in USD billion)
44.5
Imports(in USD billion)
53.8
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-9.3
2001
2001
Year
2001
Total Trade(in USD billion)
97
Exports(in USD billion)
42.5
Imports(in USD billion)
54.5
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-12.0
2000
2000
Year
2000
Total Trade(in USD billion)
103.9
Exports(in USD billion)
43.1
Imports(in USD billion)
60.8
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-17.7
1999
1999
Year
1999
Total Trade(in USD billion)
86.5
Exports(in USD billion)
36.3
Imports(in USD billion)
50.2
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
-13.9
Year
Total Trade(in USD billion)
Exports(in USD billion)
Imports(in USD billion)
Trade Deficit (in USD billion)
2024
1,631.48
776.68
854.80
-78.12
2023
1,662.36
770.18
892.18
-122.00
2022
1,436.59
676.53
760.06
-83.53
2021
1,032
420
612
-192.00
2020
781.5
314.31
467.19
-158.88
2019
844.14
330.07
514.07
-184
2018
769.1
303.52
465.58
-162.05
2017
660.1
275.8
384.3
-108.5
2016
643.3
262.3
381
-118.7
2015
758.2
310.3
447.9
-137.6
2014
781.1
318.2
462.9
-144.7
2013
780.7
313.2
467.5
-154.3
2012
798.8
298.4
500.4
-202.0
2011
760.8
299.4
461.4
-162.0
2010
528.1
201.1
327.0
-125.9
2009
442.5
168.2
274.3
-106.1
2008
481.9
176.4
305.5
-129.1
2007
212.9
112.0
100.9
11.1
2006
189.33
76.23
113.1
-36.87
2005
158.51
69.18
89.33
-20.15
2004
131.39
57.24
74.15
-16.91
2003
109.9
48.3
61.6
-13.3
2002
98.3
44.5
53.8
-9.3
2001
97
42.5
54.5
-12.0
2000
103.9
43.1
60.8
-17.7
1999
86.5
36.3
50.2
-13.9
· Foreign trade and investment › Mergers and acquisitions
Petrol Complex Pte Ltd
Petrol Complex Pte Ltd
Acquiror Name
Petrol Complex Pte Ltd
Acquiror Mid Industry
Oil & Gas
Acquiror Nation
Singapore
Target Name
Essar Oil Ltd
Target Mid Industry
Oil & Gas
Target Nation
India
Value of Transaction ($mil)
12,907.25
Vodafone Grp Plc
Vodafone Grp Plc
Acquiror Name
Vodafone Grp Plc
Acquiror Mid Industry
Wireless
Acquiror Nation
United Kingdom
Target Name
Hutchison Essar Ltd
Target Mid Industry
Telecommunications Services
Target Nation
India
Value of Transaction ($mil)
12,748.00
Vodafone Grp PLC-Vodafone Asts
Vodafone Grp PLC-Vodafone Asts
Acquiror Name
Vodafone Grp PLC-Vodafone Asts
Acquiror Mid Industry
Wireless
Acquiror Nation
India
Target Name
Idea Cellular Ltd-Mobile Bus
Target Mid Industry
Wireless
Target Nation
India
Value of Transaction ($mil)
11,627.32
Bharti Airtel Ltd
Bharti Airtel Ltd
Acquiror Name
Bharti Airtel Ltd
Acquiror Mid Industry
Wireless
Acquiror Nation
India
Target Name
MTN Group Ltd
Target Mid Industry
Wireless
Target Nation
South Africa
Value of Transaction ($mil)
11,387.52
Bharti Airtel Ltd
Bharti Airtel Ltd
Acquiror Name
Bharti Airtel Ltd
Acquiror Mid Industry
Wireless
Acquiror Nation
India
Target Name
Zain Africa BV
Target Mid Industry
Wireless
Target Nation
Nigeria
Value of Transaction ($mil)
10,700.00
BP PLC
BP PLC
Acquiror Name
BP PLC
Acquiror Mid Industry
Oil & Gas
Acquiror Nation
United Kingdom
Target Name
Reliance Industries Ltd-21 Oil
Target Mid Industry
Oil & Gas
Target Nation
India
Value of Transaction ($mil)
9,000.00
MTN Group Ltd
MTN Group Ltd
Acquiror Name
MTN Group Ltd
Acquiror Mid Industry
Wireless
Acquiror Nation
South Africa
Target Name
Bharti Airtel Ltd
Target Mid Industry
Wireless
Target Nation
India
Value of Transaction ($mil)
8,775.09
Shareholders
Shareholders
Acquiror Name
Shareholders
Acquiror Mid Industry
Other Financials
Acquiror Nation
India
Target Name
Reliance Inds Ltd-Telecom Bus
Target Mid Industry
Telecommunications Services
Target Nation
India
Value of Transaction ($mil)
8,063.01
Oil & Natural Gas Corp Ltd
Oil & Natural Gas Corp Ltd
Acquiror Name
Oil & Natural Gas Corp Ltd
Acquiror Mid Industry
Oil & Gas
Acquiror Nation
India
Target Name
Hindustan Petro Corp Ltd
Target Mid Industry
Petrochemicals
Target Nation
India
Value of Transaction ($mil)
5,784.20
Reliance Commun Ventures Ltd
Reliance Commun Ventures Ltd
Acquiror Name
Reliance Commun Ventures Ltd
Acquiror Mid Industry
Telecommunications Services
Acquiror Nation
India
Target Name
Reliance Infocomm Ltd
Target Mid Industry
Telecommunications Services
Target Nation
India
Value of Transaction ($mil)
5,577.18
Acquiror Name
Acquiror Mid Industry
Acquiror Nation
Target Name
Target Mid Industry
Target Nation
Value of Transaction ($mil)
Petrol Complex Pte Ltd
Oil & Gas
Singapore
Essar Oil Ltd
Oil & Gas
India
12,907.25
Vodafone Grp Plc
Wireless
United Kingdom
Hutchison Essar Ltd
Telecommunications Services
India
12,748.00
Vodafone Grp PLC-Vodafone Asts
Wireless
India
Idea Cellular Ltd-Mobile Bus
Wireless
India
11,627.32
Bharti Airtel Ltd
Wireless
India
MTN Group Ltd
Wireless
South Africa
11,387.52
Bharti Airtel Ltd
Wireless
India
Zain Africa BV
Wireless
Nigeria
10,700.00
BP PLC
Oil & Gas
United Kingdom
Reliance Industries Ltd-21 Oil
Oil & Gas
India
9,000.00
MTN Group Ltd
Wireless
South Africa
Bharti Airtel Ltd
Wireless
India
8,775.09
Shareholders
Other Financials
India
Reliance Inds Ltd-Telecom Bus
Telecommunications Services
India
8,063.01
Oil & Natural Gas Corp Ltd
Oil & Gas
India
Hindustan Petro Corp Ltd
Petrochemicals
India
5,784.20
Reliance Commun Ventures Ltd
Telecommunications Services
India
Reliance Infocomm Ltd
Telecommunications Services
India
5,577.18

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