Economic Freedom Fighters
Updated: 12/11/2025, 4:08:48 PM Wikipedia source
The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) is a South African communist and black nationalist political party. It was founded by expelled former African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) president Julius Malema, and his allies, on 26 July 2013. Malema is president of the EFF, heading the Central Command Team, which serves as the central structure of the party. It is currently the fourth-largest party in the National Assembly. The party contested elections for the first time in the 2014 South African general election, garnering 6.35% of the national vote and securing 25 seats in the National Assembly. The parties primarily political position, is that South Africa is still under an economic system which benefits white people over black people and that significant reform based upon Marxist principles must be instituted. The party has been a notable advocate for Pan-Africanism. Since its founding the EFF has been embroiled in several controversies in which they have been described of having rhetoric which is divisive, violent and racist. Julius Malema has been taken to court several times for hate speech. He has been found guilty of hate speech twice. The party has been implicated in multiple corruption scandals.The party has been described as violent. According to a judge in the South African Equality court, Malema has "call[ed] for [racists] to be killed". Malema has been convicted on a gun charge.
Infobox
Abbreviation
EFF
President
Julius Malema
Chairperson
Nontando Nolutshungu
Secretary-General
Marshall Dlamini
Spokesperson
Sinawo Tambo
Deputy President
Godrich Gardee
Deputy Secretary-General
Leigh-Ann Mathys
Treasurer-General
Omphile Maotwe
Founders
Julius MalemaFloyd Shivambu
Founded
26 July 2013 (2013-07-26)
Split from
African National Congress
Headquarters
119 Marshall Street, Johannesburg, Gauteng
Membership (2022)
1,085,843
Ideology
mw- CommunismMarxism–LeninismSankarismAnti-capitalismBlack nationalismPan-AfricanismLeft-wing populism
Political position
Far-left
National affiliation
Progressive Caucus
Colours
mw- Red
Slogan
Our land and jobs, now!
National Assembly
39 / 400
National Council of Provinces
11 / 90
Pan-African Parliament
1 / 5 (South African seats)
Provincial Legislatures
50 / 487
City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (council)
30 / 270
Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality (council)
6 / 120
City of Cape Town (council)
10 / 231
Tables
· Election results › National elections › National Assembly
2014
2014
Election
2014
Total votes
1,169,259
Share of vote
6.35%
Seats
25 / 400
+/–
25
Government
in opposition
2019
2019
Election
2019
Total votes
1,881,521
Share of vote
10.79%
Seats
44 / 400
+/–
19
Government
in opposition
2024
2024
Election
2024
Total votes
1,529,961
Share of vote
9.52%
Seats
39 / 400
+/–
5
Government
in opposition
| Election | Total votes | Share of vote | Seats | +/– | Government |
| 2014 | 1,169,259 | 6.35% | 25 / 400 | 25 | in opposition |
| 2019 | 1,881,521 | 10.79% | 44 / 400 | 19 | in opposition |
| 2024 | 1,529,961 | 9.52% | 39 / 400 | 5 | in opposition |
· Election results › National elections › National Council of Provinces
2014
2014
Election
2014
Total # ofseats won
7 / 90
+/–
7
Government
in opposition
2019
2019
Election
2019
Total # ofseats won
11 / 90
+/–
4
Government
in opposition
2024
2024
Election
2024
Total # ofseats won
10 / 90
+/–
1
Government
in opposition
| Election | Total # ofseats won | +/– | Government |
| 2014 | 7 / 90 | 7 | in opposition |
| 2019 | 11 / 90 | 4 | in opposition |
| 2024 | 10 / 90 | 1 | in opposition |
· Election results › Provincial elections
%
%
Election
%
Eastern Cape
Seats
Eastern Cape
%
Free State
Seats
Free State
%
Gauteng
Seats
Gauteng
%
Kwazulu-Natal
Seats
Kwazulu-Natal
%
Limpopo
Seats
Limpopo
%
Mpumalanga
Seats
Mpumalanga
%
North-West
Seats
North-West
%
Northern Cape
Seats
Northern Cape
%
Western Cape
Seats
2014
2014
Election
2014
Eastern Cape
3.48%
Eastern Cape
2/63
Free State
8.15%
Free State
2/30
Gauteng
10.30%
Gauteng
8/73
Kwazulu-Natal
1.85%
Kwazulu-Natal
2/80
Limpopo
10.74%
Limpopo
6/49
Mpumalanga
6.26%
Mpumalanga
2/30
North-West
13.21%
North-West
5/33
Northern Cape
4.96%
Northern Cape
2/30
Western Cape
2.11%
Western Cape
1/42
2019
2019
Election
2019
Eastern Cape
7.84%
Eastern Cape
5/63
Free State
12.58%
Free State
4/30
Gauteng
14.69%
Gauteng
11/73
Kwazulu-Natal
9.71%
Kwazulu-Natal
8/80
Limpopo
14.43%
Limpopo
7/49
Mpumalanga
12.79%
Mpumalanga
4/30
North-West
18.36%
North-West
6/33
Northern Cape
9.71%
Northern Cape
3/30
Western Cape
4.04%
Western Cape
2/42
2024
2024
Election
2024
Eastern Cape
10.14%
Eastern Cape
8/63
Free State
13.52%
Free State
4/30
Gauteng
12.93%
Gauteng
11/73
Kwazulu-Natal
2.26%
Kwazulu-Natal
2/80
Limpopo
14.12%
Limpopo
9/49
Mpumalanga
13.87%
Mpumalanga
7/30
North-West
17.37%
North-West
7/33
Northern Cape
13.25%
Northern Cape
4/30
Western Cape
5.30%
Western Cape
2/42
| Election | Eastern Cape | Free State | Gauteng | Kwazulu-Natal | Limpopo | Mpumalanga | North-West | Northern Cape | Western Cape | |||||||||
| % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | % | Seats | |
| 2014 | 3.48% | 2/63 | 8.15% | 2/30 | 10.30% | 8/73 | 1.85% | 2/80 | 10.74% | 6/49 | 6.26% | 2/30 | 13.21% | 5/33 | 4.96% | 2/30 | 2.11% | 1/42 |
| 2019 | 7.84% | 5/63 | 12.58% | 4/30 | 14.69% | 11/73 | 9.71% | 8/80 | 14.43% | 7/49 | 12.79% | 4/30 | 18.36% | 6/33 | 9.71% | 3/30 | 4.04% | 2/42 |
| 2024 | 10.14% | 8/63 | 13.52% | 4/30 | 12.93% | 11/73 | 2.26% | 2/80 | 14.12% | 9/49 | 13.87% | 7/30 | 17.37% | 7/33 | 13.25% | 4/30 | 5.30% | 2/42 |
· Election results › Municipal elections
2016
2016
Election
2016
Votes
3,202,679
%
8.31%
2021
2021
Election
2021
Votes
3,223,828
%
10.54%
| Election | Votes | % |
| 2016 | 3,202,679 | 8.31% |
| 2021 | 3,223,828 | 10.54% |
References
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- "Fearless Julius Malema – All Africans Should watch this"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqnZ0Io9Z7M
- "#EFFFreedomDayRally Malema: We must..."https://x.com/EFFSouthAfrica/status/1254717604171845632
- "#EFFAfricaDay Malema: We celebrate..."https://x.com/EFFSouthAfrica/status/999984373612072962
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- ‘We are not just a political movement, we are government’- Julius Malemahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySDmRfyzn3A
- EFF Onlinehttps://web.archive.org/web/20240105073302/https://effonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/EFF-STATEMENT-ON-THE-DEVELOPMENTS-IN-ESWATINI.-.pdf
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- TimesLIVEhttps://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2022-04-19-eff-shuts-down-eswatini-borders-heres-why/
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- "Israel is an 'evil state that must be destroyed' - South Africa's EFF"https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-707221
- News24https://www.news24.com/News24/eff-demands-israeli-ambassador-leaves-sa-as-palestinian-death-toll-climbs-to-58-20180515
- Politicswebhttps://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/israel-is-an-evil-state-which-must-be-destroyed-as
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- Economic Freedom Fightershttps://web.archive.org/web/20230405083800/https://effonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/EFF-CONDEMNS-UGANDAS-ANTI-HOMOSEXUALITY-BILL.pdf
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- ewn.co.zahttps://ewn.co.za/2023/04/05/eff-urges-other-african-countries-to-unite-against-uganda-s-anti-lgbtqia-bill
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- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-07-25-uct-students-and-staff-protest-against-anti-gay-academic-patrick-lumumba-at-eff-event/
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- News24https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/eff-has-blood-on-its-hands-uct-students-fume-as-controversial-anti-gay-academics-talk-goes-ahead-20230724
- MambaOnlinehttps://www.mambaonline.com/2023/07/25/eff-and-lgbtqi-students-clash-over-queerphobic-professors-uct-lecture/
- "The supporter profiles of SA's three largest parties"https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022154/http://www.politicsweb.co.za/politicsweb/view/politicsweb/en/page72308?oid=534039&sn=Marketingweb+detail&pid=90389
- Citizen Surveyshttps://citizensurveys.net/citizen-surveys-how-many-white-eff-supporters-exist-and-11-other-stats/
- News24http://www.news24.com/Elections/News/ANC-wins-249-seats-20140510
- "Central Command Team"http://www.effonline.org/structure
- The Mail & Guardianhttps://mg.co.za/politics/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff/
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-02-10-mbuyiseni-ndlozi-resigns-from-eff-shifts-focus-to-academia-and-civil-society/
- Independent Onlinehttp://www.iol.co.za/news/special-features/sushi-king-quits-eff-leadership-1.1565564#.UhhxMWthiSM
- News24http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Kunene-quits-EFF-20130826
- "Dali Mpofu joins EFF – Cape Times"http://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/dali-mpofu-joins-eff-1.1601553#.UoctTNKmimg
- iol.co.zahttps://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/carl-niehaus-joins-eff-556bc93f-05cf-4648-a5ef-842b6f63db8b
- iol.co.zahttps://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/effs-sinawo-thambo-replaces-shivambu-in-parliament-following-resignation-3d31ed80-c866-4cc3-9932-0b54ec9d4521
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-10-05-eff-students-command-brigades-take-university-src-elections-by-storm/
- briefly.co.zahttps://briefly.co.za/22664-eff-student-command-secretary-aseza-mayaphi-arrested-wearing-sandf-uniform.html
- The South Africanhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200730211427/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/eff-students-command-warning-to-universities/amp/
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/eff-students-command-demands-fee-free-registration-at-universities-or-else-20190108
- EWNhttps://www.ewn.co.za/2025/02/03/eff-officially-dissolves-student-command-replaces-it-with-youth-command
- Financial Timeshttps://www.ft.com/content/db231d42-d41a-410e-a1b9-cbda1d887c90
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-08-15-five-ways-floyd-shivambus-defection-from-eff-to-mk-could-harm-malemas-party/
- The Mail & Guardianhttps://mg.co.za/politics/2024-05-16-defector-jossey-buthane-says-eff-is-bleeding-support-in-limpopo/
- BBC Newshttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c77l612r254o
- Times Livehttps://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2024-08-16-at-a-difficult-time-in-his-life-malema-accepted-him-niehaus-on-manyi-leaving-eff-to-join-mk-party/
- EWNhttps://www.ewn.co.za/2024/10/25/mkhwebane-joins-mk-party-after-dumping-the-eff
- BBC Newshttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c5ymlynxkxyo
- Business Dayhttp://www.bdlive.co.za/national/politics/2013/07/29/mantashe-hits-out-at-eff-for-distorting-the-freedom-charter
- City Presshttps://www.news24.com/citypress/News/the-eff-a-british-intelligence-project-says-ramaphosa-20190214
- The Citizenhttps://web.archive.org/web/20220928173246/https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/mpofu-promises-to-shut-eff-down-if-mi6-allegations-turn-out-to-be-true/
- amabhungane.orghttps://amabhungane.org/stories/firm-that-won-r1bn-joburg-fleet-contract-paid-malema-eff-slush-fund/
- amaBhunganehttps://amabhungane.org/stories/tender-comrades-part-1-trailing-the-juju-tractor/
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-29-tender-comrades-part-two-tshwane-tenderpreneurs-r15m-eff-tithe/
- South African Reserve Bankhttps://www.resbank.co.za/Lists/News%20and%20Publications/Attachments/8830/VBS%20Mutual%20Bank%20-%20The%20Great%20Bank%20Heist.pdf
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-10-11-the-shivambu-brothers-and-the-great-vbs-heist/
- The M&G Onlinehttps://mg.co.za/article/2018-10-12-00-pic-vbs-floyd-and-his-baby-brother
- Economic Freedom Fightershttps://www.effonline.org/single-post/2018/03/11/EFF-STATEMENT-ON-VBS-CURATORSHIP
- "Money was exchanged – but Floyd did not get any from VBS bank, says Malema"https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-10-16-there-are-exchanges-of-money-between-floyd-and-brian-shivambu-but-floyd-did-not-get-money-from-vbs-says-eff/
- IOLhttps://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/eff-calls-for-vbs-to-be-recapitalised-17501083
- Dispatch Livehttps://www.dispatchlive.co.za/politics/2018-10-16-malema-vbs-allegations-meant-to-discredit-the-eff/
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-11-21-vbs-bank-heist-effs-family-ties-and-moneyed-connections/
- The M&G Onlinehttps://mg.co.za/article/2019-09-26-vbss-r680k-paid-for-floyds-wheels/
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-06-06-floyd-shivambus-brother-quietly-pays-back-r4-55m-admits-he-received-the-vbs-money-gratuitously/
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-05-27-cruising-nicely-on-vbs-effs-parties-lies-and-looted-money/
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-08-vbs-theft-money-laundering-lifes-little-luxuries-julius-malemas-time-of-spending-dangerously/
- TimesLIVEhttps://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2019-10-13-julius-malemas-slush-fund-exposed/
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/disgruntled-eff-member-slams-malema-shivambu-for-taking-vbs-donation-party-denies-claims-20190405
- News24https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/parliament/parliament-closes-malemas-vbs-bank-file-due-to-lack-of-evidence-20231003
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-10-02-ethics-committee-raps-floyd-shivambu-on-knuckles-over-vbs-payments-and-tells-bheki-cele-to-apologise-for-outburst/
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/watch-vbs-was-meant-to-collapse-and-finish-eff-malema-20190503
- "Calls To Probe S.Africa Opposition Chief In Collapsed Bank Scandal"https://www.barrons.com/news/calls-to-probe-s-africa-opposition-chief-in-collapsed-bank-scandal-daf25302
- The Citizenhttps://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/2019199/expelled-eff-members-accuse-malema-shivambu-of-corruption-want-to-work-with-hawks/
- CityPresshttps://city-press.news24.com/News/more-women-make-claims-of-eff-bullying-and-abuse-20190216
- "EFF kicked out of Gauteng Legislature"http://www.enca.com/eff-kicked-out-gauteng-legislature
- "EFF storm Gauteng Provincial Legislature"http://ewn.co.za/2014/07/22/EFF-storm-Gauteng-Provincial-Legislature
- The Citizenhttp://citizen.co.za/news/news-national/1013882/effs-petrol-bomb-recipe-fuels-tuks-fears/
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/matter-now-closed-eff-vodacom-issue-joint-statement-following-unrest-20181204
- My Broadbandhttps://mybroadband.co.za/news/business-telecoms/288272-why-vodacom-met-with-the-eff.html
- news24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/watch-eff-mp-slaps-man-after-sona-20190208
- Politicswebhttps://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/malema-reported-to-human-rights-commission--afrifo
- The Citizenhttps://www.citizen.co.za/news/afriforum-reports-malema-sahrc-inciting-violence-21-october-2022/
- The Mail & Guardianhttps://mg.co.za/?p=532666
- News24https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sahrc-declares-malemas-killing-is-a-revolutionary-act-statements-hate-speech-20221109
- South African National Editors Forumhttps://web.archive.org/web/20190101194411/http://www.sanef.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Part-2.pdf
- Times Livehttps://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-12-19-eff-denies-involvement-in-attacks-on-journalists/
- "Karima Brown vows to lay further complaints as EFF supporters continue to attack"https://web.archive.org/web/20190306215040/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/karima-brown-vows-to-lay-further-complaints-as-eff-supporters-continue-to-attack-19679315
- IOL Newshttps://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/karima-brown-vows-to-lay-further-complaints-as-eff-supporters-continue-to-attack-19679315
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/how-do-you-hold-an-underground-editor-accountable-malema-on-karima-brown-matter-20190306
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-06-06-eff-court-losses-mount-as-karima-brown-wins-battle-but-faces-criticism-of-her-own/
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-13-this-is-what-panic-looks-like/
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/sanef-appalled-by-malemas-call-to-ban-amabhungane-daily-mavericks-scorpio-from-eff-events-20190913
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/we-shall-treat-them-as-enemies-malema-bans-amabhungane-and-daily-mavericks-scorpio-from-eff-events-20190912
- The Mail & Guardianhttps://mg.co.za/article/2018-03-21-im-sorry-my-brother-says-shivambu-to-journo-following-scuffle/
- News24https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/photographer-denies-using-shivambu-assault-charge-to-make-money-20220203
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/eff-retracts-stratcom-agent-allegations-against-gqubule-and-harber-apologises-after-court-order-20200125
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-01-24-eff-ndlozi-have-twenty-four-hours-to-pay-damages-to-journalists/
- BusinessLIVEhttps://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2019-05-30-court-finds-effs-comments-about-trevor-manuel-defamatory-and-false/
- EWNhttps://ewn.co.za/2019/05/14/challenge-me-don-t-defame-manuel-to-eff-in-kieswetter-matter
- Fin24https://www.fin24.com/Economy/trevor-manuel-i-dont-need-a-cent-of-eff-money-20190531-2
- citizen.co.zahttps://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/courts/2144536/eff-wallows-in-legal-debt-of-almost-r1m/
- News24https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/chilling-message-if-left-unchallenged-judiciary-watchdog-condemns-malemas-attack-on-magistrate-20231022
- SABC Newshttps://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/malema-condemned-for-attack-on-judiciary-officer/
- ewn.co.zahttps://ewn.co.za/2023/10/23/eff-leader-julius-malema-reluctant-to-apologise-to-judges-matter
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-04-11-the-eff-the-judiciary-and-the-necessity-to-still-be-freedom-fighters/
- IOLhttps://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/malema-slammed-for-populist-attack-on-the-judiciary-700ed46c-1246-4316-8b60-48b83c41cbc1
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-02-06-malema-and-mpofu-lead-effs-assault-on-sa-judiciary/
- Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologiehttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cars.12265
- "Malema slammed for comments on whites"https://web.archive.org/web/20170417053045/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/malema-%E2%80%98slaughter-statement%E2%80%99-rocks-sa
- Reutershttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-safrica-song/south-africas-anc-whites-agree-to-silence-shoot-the-boer-idUSBRE89U12020121031
- The Mail & Guardianhttps://mg.co.za/top-six/2022-08-25-malema-economic-freedom-front-singing-kill-the-boer-ruled-not-hate-speech/
- eNCAhttp://www.enca.com/south-africa/iec-disqualifies-eff-councillor-for-racist-tweet
- News24https://www.news24.com/elections/news/eff-councillor-candidate-disqualified-after-calling-for-whites-to-be-hacked-and-killed-reports-20160729
- eNCAhttps://www.enca.com/south-africa/hes-on-his-own-juju-says-of-mabotja
- Politicswebhttps://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/electoral-court-right-to-give-thabo-mabotja-the-ch
- News24https://web.archive.org/web/20180618230622/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/we-are-cutting-the-throat-of-whiteness-malema-on-plans-to-remove-trollip-20180304
- IOL Newshttps://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/south-africans-dont-share-malemas-racist-views-maimane-13714966
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2019-03-28-empty-analysis-will-not-deter-the-eff-from-its-core-task-reaching-out-to-the-electorate/
- TimesLIVEhttps://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-09-17-yep-its-hate-speech-says-sahrc-on-julius-malemas-dead-white-man-tweet/
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-15-malemas-mugabe-closing-gambit/
- South African Human Rights Commissionhttps://www.sahrc.org.za/index.php/sahrc-media/news-2/item/2137-sahrc-to-take-malema-to-court-for-hate-speech
- IOL Newshttps://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/group-to-take-juliusmalema-to-court-for-racist-rant-15526571
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/no-one-is-going-to-intimidate-us-eff-hits-back-at-clergy-and-ahmed-kathrada-foundation-20181122
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/eff-bullies-trying-to-hide-their-own-shenanigans-anc-chief-whip-mthembu-20181123
- CityPresshttps://city-press.news24.com/Voices/indian-cabal-narrative-is-to-protect-the-looting-project-20181119
- eNCAhttps://www.enca.com/south-africa/malema-to-gordhan-i-am-not-scared-of-the-indian-cabal
- The M&G Onlinehttps://mg.co.za/article/2018-11-23-00-gordhan-decries-eff-attack-on-daughter/
- News24https://www.news24.com/Analysis/fact-checked-julius-malemas-charges-against-pravin-gordhan-20181128
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-11-29-snowbank-bleff-pravin-gordhan-and-the-imaginary-r675m-canadian-account/
- IOL Newshttps://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/pravin-gordhan-lays-defamation-charges-against-malema-18267798
- Politicswebhttps://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/pravin-gordhan-vs-julius-malema-the-high-court-jud
- TimesLIVEhttps://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-10-31-judge-slates-malemas-juvenile-rant-as-eff-leader-wins-case-against-gordhan/
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-01-23-pravin-jamnadas-gordhan-a-case-study-when-your-name-is-weaponised-by-haters-on-twitter/
- TimesLIVEhttps://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-07-17-of-course-you-are-racist-you-are-jackson-mthembu-tells-eff-mps/
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/cigarettes-corruption-and-racism-why-the-eff-hates-gordhan-according-to-jackson-mthembu-20190718
- Independent Onlinehttps://iol.co.za/news/politics/2013-12-29-numsa-wary-of-capitalist-malema/#.Usa_NvQW3Y5
- News24https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/malema-to-sue-rawula-offers-journalists-access-to-effs-financial-records-20190410
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-09-13-from-schoolyard-bullies-to-emerging-fascists-the-effs-unstoppable-politics-of-violence/
- "Fascism and the EFF: Or how to gaslight the media - The Mail & Guardian"https://mg.co.za/article/2018-03-28-fascism-and-the-eff-or-how-to-gaslight-the-media/
- "Political analyst: EFF is a fascist organisation"https://www.power987.co.za/featured/political-analyst-eff-is-a-fascist-organisation/
- SowetanLIVEhttps://www.sowetanlive.co.za/opinion/columnists/2018-07-02-effs-fascist-agenda--rapidly-clarifies-itself-through-malemas-racial-outbursts/
- "No country for appeasers as fascism rises in South Afri..."https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-12-18-no-country-for-appeasers-as-fascism-rises-in-south-africa/
- "Why The EFF Is A Fascist Political Party"https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/why-eff-fascist-political-party-gareth-van-onselen-26-march-2018
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2023-03-13-the-eff-violence-and-the-national-shutdown-echoes-of-mussolinis-march-on-rome/
- "The EFF's wrecking ball politics is fascist rather than left - The Mail & Guardian"https://mg.co.za/article/2017-04-04-the-effs-wrecking-ball-politics-is-fascist-rather-than-left/
- UCT Newshttp://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2021-01-29-democracy-fascism-and-the-future-of-the-eff
- Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologiehttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/337055733
- Independent Onlinehttps://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/news/jewish-board-of-deputies-eff-slam-da-nazi-tweet-a23b48e4-b961-4d9b-99c7-df76fb736d77
- TimesLIVEhttps://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2020-11-16-listen-helen-zille-defends-eff-nazis-claim-compares-malema-to-hitler/
- The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/07/south-africa-julius-malema-politician-mamphela-ramphele
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2019-12-18-with-echoes-of-adolf-hitler-julius-malema-makes-his-move-to-establish-an-african-reich/
- Jewish Reporthttps://www.sajr.co.za/video-comparing-malema-to-hitler-sparks-conflict/
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2022-02-08-julius-malema-the-one-man-who-can-bring-down-the-republic/
- BusinessLIVEhttps://www.businesslive.co.za/rdm/politics/2018-03-26-justice-malala-malemas-facism-is-showing-as-ramaphosa-cleans-house/
- Daily Maverickhttps://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-10-24-anc-nec-supports-cutting-ties-with-dictatorial-eff-and-pro-israel-pa-in-municipal-coalitions/
- Huffington Post UKhttps://web.archive.org/web/20240618093427/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/author/gareth-van-onselen
- Fin24http://www.fin24.com/Tech/Companies/exclusive-why-anonymous-hacked-the-sabc-guptas-20160617
- The Daily Voxhttps://web.archive.org/web/20231117125839/https://www.thedailyvox.co.za/9-times-we-questioned-the-effs-feminist-politics-shaazia-ebrahim/
- Thought Leaderhttps://web.archive.org/web/20140410024005/http://www.thoughtleader.co.za/siphokazimagadla/2013/11/06/eff-and-the-return-of-the-warrior-citizen
- The Mail & Guardianhttps://mg.co.za/article/2018-09-07-00-patriarchy-is-no-effing-joke/
- "2014 National and Provincial Elections Results – 2014 National and Provincial Election Results"https://web.archive.org/web/20140510231542/http://www.elections.org.za/resultsNPE2014/
- Electoral Commission of South Africahttps://www.elections.org.za/NPEDashboard/app/dashboard.html
- "Results Summary – All Ballots"http://www.elections.org.za/content/LGEPublicReports/402/Detailed%20Results/National.pdf
- "2021 Results Summary – All Ballots"https://results.elections.org.za/home/LGEPublicReports/1091/Detailed%20Results/National.pdf
- The Starhttps://thestar.co.za/entertainment/books/2025-09-15-julius-malemas-hidden-financial-secrets-exposed-in-a-new-book-on-his-political-influence/