| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Loss | 30–10 (1) | Max Holloway | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 318 | July 19, 2025 | 5 | 5:00 | New Orleans, Louisiana, United States | For the symbolic UFC "BMF" title. |
| Loss | 30–9 (1) | Islam Makhachev | Submission (brabo choke) | UFC 302 | June 1, 2024 | 5 | 2:42 | Newark, New Jersey, United States | For the UFC Lightweight Championship. Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 30–8 (1) | Benoît Saint Denis | KO (punches) | UFC 299 | March 9, 2024 | 2 | 2:32 | Miami, Florida, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 29–8 (1) | Justin Gaethje | KO (head kick) | UFC 291 | July 29, 2023 | 2 | 1:00 | Salt Lake City, Utah, United States | For the symbolic UFC "BMF" title. |
| Win | 29–7 (1) | Michael Chandler | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC 281 | November 12, 2022 | 3 | 2:00 | New York City, New York, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 28–7 (1) | Charles Oliveira | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC 269 | December 11, 2021 | 3 | 1:02 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | For the UFC Lightweight Championship. |
| Win | 28–6 (1) | Conor McGregor | TKO (doctor stoppage) | UFC 264 | July 10, 2021 | 1 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 27–6 (1) | Conor McGregor | TKO (punches) | UFC 257 | January 24, 2021 | 2 | 2:32 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 26–6 (1) | Dan Hooker | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on ESPN: Poirier vs. Hooker | June 27, 2020 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 25–6 (1) | Khabib Nurmagomedov | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC 242 | September 7, 2019 | 3 | 2:06 | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | For the UFC Lightweight Championship. |
| Win | 25–5 (1) | Max Holloway | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 236 | April 13, 2019 | 5 | 5:00 | Atlanta, Georgia, United States | Won the interim UFC Lightweight Championship. Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 24–5 (1) | Eddie Alvarez | TKO (punches) | UFC on Fox: Alvarez vs. Poirier 2 | July 28, 2018 | 2 | 4:05 | Calgary, Alberta, Canada | Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 23–5 (1) | Justin Gaethje | TKO (punches) | UFC on Fox: Poirier vs. Gaethje | April 14, 2018 | 4 | 0:33 | Glendale, Arizona, United States | Fight of the Night. Gaethje was deducted one point in round 3 due to repeated eye pokes. |
| Win | 22–5 (1) | Anthony Pettis | Submission (body triangle) | UFC Fight Night: Poirier vs. Pettis | November 11, 2017 | 3 | 2:08 | Norfolk, Virginia, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| NC | 21–5 (1) | Eddie Alvarez | NC (illegal knee) | UFC 211 | May 13, 2017 | 2 | 4:12 | Dallas, Texas, United States | Alvarez landed illegal knees to Poirier's head, who was a downed opponent. |
| Win | 21–5 | Jim Miller | Decision (majority) | UFC 208 | February 11, 2017 | 3 | 5:00 | Brooklyn, New York, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 20–5 | Michael Johnson | KO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Poirier vs. Johnson | September 17, 2016 | 1 | 1:35 | Hidalgo, Texas, United States | |
| Win | 20–4 | Bobby Green | KO (punches) | UFC 199 | June 4, 2016 | 1 | 2:53 | Inglewood, California, United States | |
| Win | 19–4 | Joseph Duffy | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 195 | January 2, 2016 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 18–4 | Yancy Medeiros | TKO (body kick and punches) | UFC Fight Night: Boetsch vs. Henderson | June 6, 2015 | 1 | 2:38 | New Orleans, Louisiana, United States | Catchweight (159 lb) bout; Medeiros missed weight. Performance of the Night. |
| Win | 17–4 | Carlos Diego Ferreira | KO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Mendes vs. Lamas | April 4, 2015 | 1 | 3:45 | Fairfax, Virginia, United States | Return to Lightweight. Performance of the Night. |
| Loss | 16–4 | Conor McGregor | TKO (punches) | UFC 178 | September 27, 2014 | 1 | 1:46 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 16–3 | Akira Corassani | TKO (punches) | The Ultimate Fighter Nations Finale: Bisping vs. Kennedy | April 16, 2014 | 2 | 0:42 | Quebec City, Quebec, Canada | Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 15–3 | Diego Brandão | KO (punches) | UFC 168 | December 28, 2013 | 1 | 4:54 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Catchweight (151.5 lb) bout; Brandão missed weight. |
| Win | 14–3 | Erik Koch | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 164 | August 31, 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States | |
| Loss | 13–3 | Cub Swanson | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on Fuel TV: Barão vs. McDonald | February 16, 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | London, England | |
| Win | 13–2 | Jonathan Brookins | Submission (brabo choke) | The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson Finale | December 15, 2012 | 1 | 4:15 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 12–2 | Jung Chan-sung | Technical Submission (brabo choke) | UFC on Fuel TV: The Korean Zombie vs. Poirier | May 15, 2012 | 4 | 1:07 | Fairfax, Virginia, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 12–1 | Max Holloway | Submission (triangle armbar) | UFC 143 | February 4, 2012 | 1 | 3:23 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Submission of the Night. |
| Win | 11–1 | Pablo Garza | Submission (brabo choke) | UFC on Fox: Velasquez vs. dos Santos | November 12, 2011 | 2 | 1:32 | Anaheim, California, United States | |
| Win | 10–1 | Jason Young | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 131 | June 11, 2011 | 3 | 5:00 | Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada | |
| Win | 9–1 | Josh Grispi | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 125 | January 1, 2011 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Featherweight debut. |
| Win | 8–1 | Zach Micklewright | TKO (punches) | WEC 52 | November 11, 2010 | 1 | 0:53 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 7–1 | Danny Castillo | Decision (unanimous) | WEC 50 | August 18, 2010 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 7–0 | Derek Gauthier | KO (punches) | Ringside MMA 7 | June 18, 2010 | 1 | 0:57 | Montreal, Quebec, Canada | |
| Win | 6–0 | Derrick Krantz | Submission (armbar) | USA MMA 11 | March 6, 2010 | 2 | 3:35 | Lafayette, Louisiana, United States | |
| Win | 5–0 | Ronny Lis | Submission (armbar) | USA MMA 10 | November 13, 2009 | 1 | 0:51 | Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States | |
| Win | 4–0 | Daniel Watts | KO (punches) | Bang FC 10 | October 31, 2009 | 1 | 1:26 | Greenville, Mississippi, United States | |
| Win | 3–0 | Joe Torrez | TKO (punches) | USA MMA 8 | August 1, 2009 | 1 | 2:37 | New Iberia, Louisiana, United States | |
| Win | 2–0 | Nate Jolly | Submission (armbar) | Cajun FC 1 | June 26, 2009 | 2 | 3:54 | New Iberia, Louisiana, United States | |
| Win | 1–0 | Aaron Suarez | KO (punches) | USA MMA 7 | May 16, 2009 | 1 | 1:19 | Shreveport, Louisiana, United States | |