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Douglas MacArthur

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Douglas MacArthur

Douglas MacArthur (26 January 1880 – 5 April 1964) was an American general who served as a top commander during World War II and the Korean War, achieving the rank of General of the Army. He served with distinction in World War I; as chief of staff of the United States Army from 1930 to 1935; as Supreme Commander, Southwest Pacific Area, from 1942 to 1945 during WWII; as Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers overseeing the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1951; and as head of the United Nations Command in the Korean War from 1950 to 1951. MacArthur was nominated for the Medal of Honor three times, and awarded it for his WWII service in the Philippines. He is one of only five people to hold the rank of General of the Army, and the only person to hold the rank of Field Marshal in the Philippine Army. MacArthur, the son of Medal of Honor recipient Arthur MacArthur Jr., was raised on Army posts in the Old West. He was valedictorian of the West Texas Military Academy, and First Captain at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated first in his class in 1903. During the 1914 U.S. occupation of Veracruz, he conducted a reconnaissance mission for which he was nominated for the Medal of Honor. In 1917, he was promoted from major to colonel and became chief of staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division. On the Western Front during World War I, he rose to the rank of brigadier general, was again nominated for a Medal of Honor, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross twice and the Silver Star seven times. From 1919 to 1922, MacArthur served as Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy, where he initiated a series of reforms. His next posting was in the Philippines, where in 1924 he was instrumental in quelling the Philippine Scout Mutiny. In 1925, MacArthur became the Army's youngest major general at the age of 45, and in 1930 was appointed Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army. He was involved in the controversial expulsion of the Bonus Army protesters in Washington, D.C., in 1932, and organized the Civilian Conservation Corps. In 1935, MacArthur was appointed Military Advisor to the Commonwealth of the Philippines. He retired from the Army in 1937, but continued as an advisor and as a Field Marshal in the Philippine Army from 1936. MacArthur was recalled to active duty in July 1941 as commander of U.S. Army Forces in the Far East. A large portion of his air forces were destroyed on 8 December 1941 in the Japanese attack on Clark Field, and an invasion of the Philippines followed. MacArthur's forces withdrew to Bataan, where they held out until April 1942. In March 1942, MacArthur left nearby Corregidor Island and escaped to Australia, where he was appointed Supreme Commander of the Southwest Pacific Area in April. He promised that he would return to the Philippines, and for his defense of the islands was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1942. From Australia, he commanded the New Guinea campaign, and in October 1944 returned to the Philippines and led the campaign which liberated the islands. In December 1944, he was promoted to General of the Army. At the end of the war, MacArthur accepted the surrender of Japan on 2 September 1945. As the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers and effective ruler of Japan, he oversaw the war crimes tribunals and the demilitarization and democratization of the country under its new constitution, introducing women's rights, labor unions, land reform, and civil liberties. In 1948, MacArthur made a brief bid for the Republican Party's nomination in that year's presidential election. During the Korean War, he led the United Nations Command with initial success, but suffered a series of major defeats after China's entry into the war in October 1950. MacArthur was contentiously removed from his command in Korea by President Harry S. Truman in April 1951. He later became chairman of the board of Remington Rand, and died in Washington, D.C., in 1964.

Infobox

Preceded by
Samuel Escue Tillman
Succeeded by
Fred Winchester Sladen
President
mw- Herbert Hoover Franklin D. Roosevelt
Born
(1880-01-26)26 January 1880Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S.
Died
5 April 1964(1964-04-05) (aged 84)Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place
MacArthur Memorial
Political party
Republican
Spouses
mw- Louise Cromwell Brooks (m. 1922; 1937)
Children
Arthur MacArthur IV
Parent
Arthur MacArthur Jr. (father)
Relatives
MacArthur family
Education
United States Military Academy
Civilian awards
Congressional Gold Medal Thanks of Congress
Nicknames
Dugout Doug Big Chief
Allegiance
United States Philippines
Branch/service
United States Army Philippine Army
Years of service
1903–1964
Rank
General of the Army (U.S. Army) Field Marshal (Philippine Army)
Commands
United Nations Command Far East Command Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers U.S. Army Forces Pacific Southwest Pacific Area U.S. Army Forces Far East Philippine Department U.S. Army Chief of Staff Philippine Division U.S. Military Academy Superintendent 42nd Division 84th Infantry Brigade
Battles/wars
mw- See list li Philippine–American War Post-war insurgency Banana Wars Occupation of Veracruz World War I Lunéville-Baccarat Defensive Campaign Champagne-Marne Offensive Battle of Saint-Mihiel Meuse–Argonne offensive World War II Philippines campaign (1941–1942) Battle of Bataan Battle of Timor Battle of the Coral Sea New Guinea campaign Huon Peninsula campaign Battle of Sio Kokoda Track campaign Operation Cartwheel Salamaua–Lae campaign Landing at Nadzab Solomon Islands campaign Bougainville campaign New Britain campaign Admiralty Islands campaign New Georgia campaign Philippines campaign (1944–1945) Battle of Leyte Battle of Ormoc Bay Battle of Luzon Battle of Manila Borneo campaign Occupation of Japan Korean War Battle of Pusan Perimeter Battle of Taegu Battle of P'ohang-dong Battle of Inchon Pusan Perimeter offensive Second Battle of Seoul UN Offensive, 1950 UN offensive into North Korea Second Phase Offensive UN Offensive, 1951 Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River Battle of Chosin Reservoir UN retreat from North Korea Hungnam evacuation Third Battle of Seoul Operation Thunderbolt (1951) Operation Roundup (1951) Battle of Hoengsong Third Battle of Wonju Operation Killer Operation Ripper Operation Courageous Operation Rugged
Military awards
Medal of Honor Distinguished Service Cross (3) Army Distinguished Service Medal (5) Navy Distinguished Service Medal Silver Star (7) Distinguished Flying Cross Bronze Star with valor Air Medal Purple Heart (2) Taegeuk Order of Military Merit Full list
Party
Republican

Tables

· Dates of rank
None
None
Insignia
None
Rank
Cadet
Component
United States Military Academy
Date
13 June 1899
No pin insignia in 1903
No pin insignia in 1903
Insignia
No pin insignia in 1903
Rank
Second Lieutenant, Engineers
Component
Regular Army
Date
11 June 1903
Insignia
Rank
Component
Date
None
Cadet
United States Military Academy
13 June 1899
No pin insignia in 1903
Second Lieutenant, Engineers
Regular Army
11 June 1903
First Lieutenant, Engineers
Regular Army
23 April 1904
Captain, Engineers
Regular Army
27 February 1911
Major, Engineers
Regular Army
11 December 1915
Colonel, Infantry
National Army
11 August 1917(Date of rank: 5 August 1917.)
Brigadier General
National Army
11 July 1918(Date of rank: 26 June 1918.)
Brigadier General
Regular Army
28 February 1920(Date of rank: 20 January 1920.)
Major General
Regular Army
17 January 1925
General
Temporary
21 November 1930
Reverted to Major General
Regular Army
1 October 1935
General
Retired list
1 January 1938
Major General
Regular Army
26 July 1941(Recalled to active duty.)
Lieutenant General
Army of the United States
27 July 1941
General
Army of the United States
22 December 1941(Date of rank: 16 September 1936.)
General of the Army
Army of the United States
18 December 1944
General of the Army
Regular Army
23 March 1946
· External links
Preceded byCharles D. Rhodes
Preceded byCharles D. Rhodes
Military offices
Preceded byCharles D. Rhodes
Military offices
Commanding General 42nd Division November 1918
Military offices
Succeeded byClement Flagler
Preceded bySamuel E. Tillman
Preceded bySamuel E. Tillman
Military offices
Preceded bySamuel E. Tillman
Military offices
Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1919–1922
Military offices
Succeeded byFred Winchester Sladen
Preceded byCharles Summerall
Preceded byCharles Summerall
Military offices
Preceded byCharles Summerall
Military offices
Chief of Staff of the United States Army 1930–1935
Military offices
Succeeded byMalin Craig
New office
New office
Military offices
New office
Military offices
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers 1945–1951
Military offices
Succeeded byMatthew Ridgway
Party political offices
Party political offices
Military offices
Party political offices
Preceded byDwight H. Green
Preceded byDwight H. Green
Military offices
Preceded byDwight H. Green
Military offices
Keynote Speaker of the Republican National Convention 1952
Military offices
Succeeded byArthur B. Langlie
Awards
Awards
Military offices
Awards
Preceded byDwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded byDwight D. Eisenhower
Military offices
Preceded byDwight D. Eisenhower
Military offices
Recipient of the Sylvanus Thayer Award 1962
Military offices
Succeeded byJohn J. McCloy
Honorary titles
Honorary titles
Military offices
Honorary titles
Preceded byJohn F. Kennedy
Preceded byJohn F. Kennedy
Military offices
Preceded byJohn F. Kennedy
Military offices
Persons who have lain in state or honor in the United States Capitol rotunda 1964
Military offices
Succeeded byHerbert Hoover
Military offices
Preceded byCharles D. Rhodes
Commanding General 42nd Division November 1918
Succeeded byClement Flagler
Preceded bySamuel E. Tillman
Superintendent of the United States Military Academy 1919–1922
Succeeded byFred Winchester Sladen
Preceded byCharles Summerall
Chief of Staff of the United States Army 1930–1935
Succeeded byMalin Craig
New office
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers 1945–1951
Succeeded byMatthew Ridgway
Party political offices
Preceded byDwight H. Green
Keynote Speaker of the Republican National Convention 1952
Succeeded byArthur B. Langlie
Awards
Preceded byDwight D. Eisenhower
Recipient of the Sylvanus Thayer Award 1962
Succeeded byJohn J. McCloy
Honorary titles
Preceded byJohn F. Kennedy
Persons who have lain in state or honor in the United States Capitol rotunda 1964
Succeeded byHerbert Hoover

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  472. "Cadet Command announces 2020 MacArthur Award winners"
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