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Djibouti

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Djibouti

Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east. The country has an area of 23,200 km2 (8,958 sq mi). In antiquity, the territory, together with Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somaliland, was part of the Land of Punt. Nearby Zeila, now in Somaliland, was the seat of the medieval Adal and Ifat Sultanates. In the late 19th century, the colony of French Somaliland was established after the ruling Dir, Somali, and Afar sultans signed treaties with the French, and its railroad to Dire Dawa (and later Addis Ababa) allowed it to quickly supersede Zeila as the port for southern Ethiopia and the Ogaden. It was renamed the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas in 1967. A decade later, the Djiboutian people voted for independence. This officially marked the establishment of the Republic of Djibouti, named after its capital city. The new state joined the United Nations in its first year. In the early 1990s, tensions over government representation led to armed conflict, which ended in a power-sharing agreement in 2000 between the ruling party and the opposition. Djibouti is a multi-ethnic nation with a population of 1,066,809 at the census held on 20 May 2024 (the smallest in mainland Africa). French and Arabic are its two official languages; Afar and Somali are national languages. About 94% of Djiboutians adhere to Islam, which is the official religion and has been predominant in the region for more than 1,000 years. The Somalis and Afar make up the two largest ethnic groups, with the former comprising the majority of the population. Both speak a language of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. Djibouti is near some of the world's busiest shipping lanes, controlling access to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. It serves as a key refuelling and transshipment center and the principal maritime port for imports from and exports to neighboring Ethiopia. A burgeoning commercial hub, the nation is the site of various foreign military bases. The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) regional body also has its headquarters in Djibouti City.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
Djibouti City 11°36′N 43°10′E / 11.600°N 43.167°E / 11.600; 43.167
Official languages
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li ArabicFrench
National languages
SomaliAfar
Ethnic groups
Somalis 60%Afar 35%Arabs 5%
Religion
94% Islam (official)6% Christianity
Demonym
Djiboutian
Government
Unitary dominant-party presidential republic under a hereditary dictatorship
• President
Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
• Prime Minister
Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed
Legislature
National Assembly
• Independence from France
27 June 1977
• Current constitution
4 September 1992
• Total
$3.873 billion (172nd)
• Water (%)
0.09 (20 km² / 7.7 sq mi)
• 2024 census
1,066,809
• Density
46.0/km2 (119.1/sq mi) (168th)
GDP (PPP)
2023 estimate
• Per capita
$3,761 (126th)
GDP (nominal)
2023 estimate
Gini (2017)
41.6 } }medium inequality
HDI (2023)
0.513low (175th)
Currency
Djiboutian franc (DJF)
Time zone
UTC 3 (EAT)
Calling code
253
ISO 3166 code
DJ
Internet TLD
dj

Tables

Regions of Djibouti · Politics › Administrative divisions
Ali Sabieh
Ali Sabieh
Region
Ali Sabieh
Area (km2)
2,200
Population2009 census
86,949
Population2024 census
76,414
Capital
Ali Sabieh
Arta
Arta
Region
Arta
Area (km2)
1,800
Population2009 census
42,380
Population2024 census
48,922
Capital
Arta
Dikhil
Dikhil
Region
Dikhil
Area (km2)
7,200
Population2009 census
88,948
Population2024 census
66,196
Capital
Dikhil
Djibouti
Djibouti
Region
Djibouti
Area (km2)
200
Population2009 census
475,322
Population2024 census
776,966
Capital
Djibouti City
Obock
Obock
Region
Obock
Area (km2)
4,700
Population2009 census
37,856
Population2024 census
37,666
Capital
Obock
Tadjourah
Tadjourah
Region
Tadjourah
Area (km2)
7,100
Population2009 census
86,704
Population2024 census
50,645
Capital
Tadjoura
Region
Area (km2)
Population2009 census
Population2024 census
Capital
Ali Sabieh
2,200
86,949
76,414
Ali Sabieh
Arta
1,800
42,380
48,922
Arta
Dikhil
7,200
88,948
66,196
Dikhil
Djibouti
200
475,322
776,966
Djibouti City
Obock
4,700
37,856
37,666
Obock
Tadjourah
7,100
86,704
50,645
Tadjoura
Average daily temperatures for the ten cities in Djibouti[citation needed] · Geography › Climate
Djibouti City
Djibouti City
Location
Djibouti City
July (°C)
41/31
July (°F)
107/88
January (°C)
28/21
January (°F)
83/70
Ali Sabieh
Ali Sabieh
Location
Ali Sabieh
July (°C)
36/25
July (°F)
96/77
January (°C)
26/15
January (°F)
79/60
Tadjoura
Tadjoura
Location
Tadjoura
July (°C)
41/31
July (°F)
107/88
January (°C)
29/22
January (°F)
84/72
Dikhil
Dikhil
Location
Dikhil
July (°C)
38/27
July (°F)
100/81
January (°C)
27/17
January (°F)
80/63
Obock
Obock
Location
Obock
July (°C)
41/30
July (°F)
105/87
January (°C)
28/22
January (°F)
84/72
Arta
Arta
Location
Arta
July (°C)
36/25
July (°F)
97/78
January (°C)
25/15
January (°F)
78/60
Randa
Randa
Location
Randa
July (°C)
34/23
July (°F)
94/73
January (°C)
23/13
January (°F)
74/56
Holhol
Holhol
Location
Holhol
July (°C)
38/28
July (°F)
101/81
January (°C)
26/17
January (°F)
79/62
Ali Adde
Ali Adde
Location
Ali Adde
July (°C)
38/27
July (°F)
100/82
January (°C)
26/16
January (°F)
80/61
Airolaf
Airolaf
Location
Airolaf
July (°C)
31/18
July (°F)
88/66
January (°C)
22/9
January (°F)
71/49
Location
July (°C)
July (°F)
January (°C)
January (°F)
Djibouti City
41/31
107/88
28/21
83/70
Ali Sabieh
36/25
96/77
26/15
79/60
Tadjoura
41/31
107/88
29/22
84/72
Dikhil
38/27
100/81
27/17
80/63
Obock
41/30
105/87
28/22
84/72
Arta
36/25
97/78
25/15
78/60
Randa
34/23
94/73
23/13
74/56
Holhol
38/28
101/81
26/17
79/62
Ali Adde
38/27
100/82
26/16
80/61
Airolaf
31/18
88/66
22/9
71/49

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