Topzle Topzle

Diesel fuel

Updated: Wikipedia source

Diesel fuel

Diesel fuel, also called diesel oil, fuel oil (historically), or simply diesel, is any liquid fuel specifically designed for use in a diesel engine, a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignition takes place as a result of compression of the inlet air and then injection of fuel without a spark. Therefore, diesel fuel needs good compression ignition characteristics. The most common type of diesel fuel is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum fuel oil, but alternatives that are not derived from petroleum, such as biodiesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel are increasingly being developed and adopted. To distinguish these types, petroleum-derived diesel is sometimes called petrodiesel in some academic circles. Diesel is a high-volume product of oil refineries. In many countries, diesel fuel is standardized. For example, in the European Union, the standard for diesel fuel is EN 590. Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) is a diesel fuel with substantially lowered sulfur contents. As of 2016, almost all of the petroleum-based diesel fuel available in the United Kingdom, mainland Europe, and North America is of a ULSD type. Before diesel fuel had been standardized, the majority of diesel engines typically ran on cheap fuel oils. These fuel oils are still used in watercraft diesel engines. Despite being specifically designed for diesel engines, diesel fuel can also be used as fuel for several non-diesel engines, for example the Akroyd engine, the Stirling engine, or boilers for steam engines. Diesel is often used in heavy trucks. However, diesel exhaust, especially from older engines, can cause health damage.

Tables

· Hazards › Environment hazards of sulfur
N/a
N/a
Emission standard
N/a
At latest
1 January 1994
Sulfur content
max. 2000 ppm
Cetane number
min. 49
Euro 2
Euro 2
Emission standard
Euro 2
At latest
1 January 1996
Sulfur content
max. 500 ppm
Cetane number
min. 49
Euro 3
Euro 3
Emission standard
Euro 3
At latest
1 January 2001
Sulfur content
max. 350 ppm
Cetane number
min. 51
Euro 4
Euro 4
Emission standard
Euro 4
At latest
1 January 2006
Sulfur content
max. 50 ppm
Cetane number
min. 51
Euro 5
Euro 5
Emission standard
Euro 5
At latest
1 January 2009
Sulfur content
max. 10 ppm
Cetane number
min. 51
Emission standard
At latest
Sulfur content
Cetane number
N/a
1 January 1994
max. 2000 ppm
min. 49
Euro 2
1 January 1996
max. 500 ppm
min. 49
Euro 3
1 January 2001
max. 350 ppm
min. 51
Euro 4
1 January 2006
max. 50 ppm
min. 51
Euro 5
1 January 2009
max. 10 ppm
min. 51

References

  1. Energy & Fuels
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006EnFue..20..403K
  2. Petroleum refining: technology and economics
  3. United States Environmental Protection Agency
    https://www.epa.gov/dera/learn-about-impacts-diesel-exhaust-and-diesel-emissions-reduction-act-dera
  4. ABC7 Los Angeles
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230429181156/https://abc7.com/big-rig-bus-diesel-ban/13195644/
  5. "DERV FAQ"
    https://www.nationwidefuels.co.uk/faq/white-diesel-faq/
  6. The Macquarie Dictionary 3rd ed, The Macquarie Library 1997
  7. mw- .mw- DE 67207 Rudolf Diesel: "Arbeitsverfahren und Ausführungsart für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen" pg 4.: "Alle Brenn
    https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=DE67207
  8. Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, ISBN 978-3-642-64940-0 p. 125
  9. Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, ISBN 978-3-642-64940-0 p. 107
  10. Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, ISBN 978-3-642-64940-0 p. 108
  11. Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, ISBN 978-3-642-64940-0 p. 110
  12. Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, ISBN 978-3-642-64940-0 p. 111
  13. Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, ISBN 978-3-642-64940-0 p. 114
  14. Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, ISBN 978-3-642-64940-0 p. 115
  15. Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines
    https://books.google.com/books?id=0vBalrSH_OEC&q=Rudolf+Diesel+vegetable&pg=PA74
  16. Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, ISBN 978-3-642-64940-0 p. 116
  17. Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, ISBN 978-3-642-64940-0 p. 126
  18. Rudolf Diesel: Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1913, ISBN 978-3-642-64940-0 p. 127
  19. Friedrich Sass: Geschichte des deutschen Verbrennungsmotorenbaues von 1860 bis 1918, Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 1962, I
  20. Hans Christian Graf von Seherr-Thoß (auth.): Die Technik des MAN Nutzfahrzeugbaus. In: MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG (ed.): Leist
  21. Hans Christian Graf von Seherr-Thoß (auth.): Die Technik des MAN Nutzfahrzeugbaus. In: MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG (ed.): Leist
  22. Günter Mau: Handbuch Dieselmotoren im Kraftwerks- und Schiffsbetrieb, Springer-Vieweg, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden 1984, ISBN
  23. ITRC (Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council). 2014. Petroleum Vapor Intrusion: Fundamentals of Screening, Investiga
    http://www.itrcweb.org/PetroleumVI-Guidance
  24. Werner Dabelstein, Arno Reglitzky, Andrea Schütze and Klaus Reders "Automotive Fuels" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Indus
    https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a16_719.pub2
  25. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service website
    https://web.archive.org/web/20060927153022/http://www.fas.usda.gov/pecad2/highlights/2005/01/btl0104/syntheticdiesel.htm
  26. Bosch Automotive Handbook, 6th edition, pp. 327–328
  27. "ACEA Position on the use of bio-diesel (FAME) and synthetic bio-fuel in compression-ignition engines"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110611201410/http://www.acea.be/images/uploads/070208_ACEA_FAME_BTL_final.pdf
  28. "Biodiesel: EU Specifications"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110724132859/http://www.worldenergy.net/products/biodiesel/eu_specs.php
  29. "Biodiesel: ASTM International Specifications (B100)"
    http://www.worldenergy.net/products/biodiesel/us_specs.php
  30. Backwoods Home Magazine
    http://www.backwoodshome.com/articles/warner43.html
  31. hse.gov.uk
    http://www.hse.gov.uk/fireandexplosion/petroleum-faqs.htm
  32. www.staroilco.net
    https://www.staroilco.net/diesel-fuel-technical-review-from-chevron/
  33. "Table 2.1"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110720162258/http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/uploads/media/TTW_Report_010307.pdf
  34. "Facts about Diesel Prices"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080719113021/http://www.aip.com.au/pricing/facts/Facts_about_Diesel_Prices.htm
  35. "Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update - Energy Information Administration"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20010815085245/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/gdu/gasdiesel.asp
  36. "Petrol vs. Diesel: Should I Buy a Diesel Car in 2022? | Carplus"
    https://carplus.co.uk/magazine/petrol-vs-diesel/
  37. "A Primer on Diesel Fuel Prices"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070317055519/http://www.eia.doe.gov/bookshelf/brochures/diesel/dieselprices2006.html
  38. [2][permanent dead link]
    http://www.criterioncatalysts.com/static/criterion-gb/downloads/pdf/technical_papers/cri707ertc06.pdf
  39. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR)
    https://web.archive.org/web/20070323020523/http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=5e6923448149c8865561ae47adaf28a7&rgn=div8&view=text&node=26%3A16.0.1.1.6.5.14.41&idno=26
  40. "Texas Biodiesel Laws and Incentives"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080205060806/http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/progs/ind_state_laws.php/TX/BIOD
  41. "North Carolina Biodiesel Laws and Incentives"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20071130001952/http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/progs/ind_state_laws.php/NC/BIOD
  42. Hans Christian Graf von Seherr-Thoß (auth.): Die Technik des MAN Nutzfahrzeugbaus. In: MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG (ed.): Leist
  43. The Argus-Press
    https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19770511&id=AUUiAAAAIBAJ&pg=1245,1255941
  44. Coal Trains: The History of Railroading and Coal in the United States (Google eBook)
    https://books.google.com/books?id=oAIiJCH4Kw8C&q=diesel+in+trains+coal
  45. Electric Railways 1880–1990
    https://books.google.com/books?id=cpFEm3aqz_MC&q=diesel+in+trains+coal+uk
  46. Konrad Reif: Dieselmotor-Management – Systeme, Komponenten, Steuerung und Regelung, 5th edition, Springer, Wiesbaden 201
  47. Cord-Christian Rossow, Klaus Wolf, Peter Horst: Handbuch der Luftfahrzeugtechnik, Carl Hanser Verlag, 2014, ISBN 9783446
  48. Jane's 1981–82 Military Annual
  49. Chemical Abstracts
    https://books.google.com/books?id=AGMcAQAAMAAJ&q=high+sulfur+diesel+fuel+palladium+nitric+acid+liquid-liquid+extraction
  50. Torgov, V.G.; Tatarchuk, V.V.; Druzhinina, I.A.; Korda, T.M. et al., Atomic Energy, 1994, 76(6), 442–448. (Translated fr
  51. Environmental Impacts of Synthetic Based Drilling Fluids
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140728233206/http://www.anp.gov.br/brnd/round6/guias/PERFURACAO/PERFURACAO_R6/biblio/fluido%20sintetico.pdf
  52. GEKEngineering.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131020111636/http://gekengineering.com/Downloads/Free_Downloads/Brines_fluids_and_filtration.pdf
  53. Schlumberger Oil Field Glossary
    https://web.archive.org/web/20040122220559/http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=diesel-oil%20mud
  54. "Gas turbine development by BMW"
    http://www.cdvandt.org/CIOS-XXVI-30.pdf
  55. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1995. Toxicological profile for fuel oils. Atlanta, GA: U.S. D
    https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp75-c3.pdf
  56. Analytic Combustion: With Thermodynamics, Chemical Kinetics and Mass Transfer (Google eBook)
    https://books.google.com/books?id=uPZXiVTCEcIC&q=chemical+composition+of+diesel+fuel+c12h23,+c10h20,+c15h28
  57. Biodiesel Handling and Use Guide
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160306103447/http://biodiesel.org/docs/using-hotline/nrel-handling-and-use.pdf?sfvrsn=4
  58. "Flash Point — Fuels"
    http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/flash-point-fuels-d_937.html
  59. Dieselmotor
  60. TransportPolicy.net
    https://www.transportpolicy.net/standard/eu-fuels-diesel-and-gasoline/
  61. criticalfueltech.com
    http://criticalfueltech.com/faq.html
  62. Microbial Contamination of Diesel Fuel: Impact, Causes and Prevention
  63. "Water Contamination in Fuel: Cause and Effect - American Filtration and Separations Society"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150323111230/http://www.afssociety.org/automotive/93-water-contamination-in-fuel-cause-and-effect
  64. "Oil on the road as a cause of accidents"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130407043946/http://www.icbcclaiminfo.com/node/23
Image
Source: —
Tip: Wheel or +/− to zoom, drag to pan, Esc to close.