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Dies irae

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Dies irae

"Dies irae" (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ˈdi.es ˈi.re]; "the Day of Wrath") is a Latin sequence attributed to either Thomas of Celano of the Franciscans (1200–1265) or to Latino Malabranca Orsini (d. 1294), lector at the Dominican studium at Santa Sabina, the forerunner of the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas (the Angelicum) in Rome. The sequence dates from the 13th century at the latest, though it is possible that it is much older, with some sources ascribing its origin to St. Gregory the Great (d. 604), Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153), or Bonaventure (1221–1274). It is a medieval Latin poem characterized by its accentual stress and rhymed lines. The metre is trochaic. The poem describes the Last Judgment, the trumpet summoning souls before the throne of God, where the saved will be delivered and the unsaved cast into eternal flames. It is best known from its use in the Roman Rite Catholic Requiem Mass (Mass for the Dead or Funeral Mass). An English version is found in various Anglican Communion service books. The first melody set to these words, a Gregorian chant, is one of the most quoted in musical literature, appearing in the works of many composers. The final couplet, Pie Jesu, has been often reused as an independent song.

Tables

· Text
I
I
Col 1
I
Original
Dies iræ, dies illa, Solvet sæclum in favilla: Teste David cum Sibylla.
Approved adaptation
Day of wrath and doom impending! David's word with Sibyl's blending, Heaven and earth in ashes ending!
Formal equivalence
The day of wrath, that day, will dissolve the world in ashes: (this is) the testimony of David along with the Sibyl.
II
II
Col 1
II
Original
Quantus tremor est futurus, Quando iudex est venturus, Cuncta stricte discussurus!
Approved adaptation
Oh, what fear man's bosom rendeth, When from heaven the Judge descendeth, On whose sentence all dependeth.
Formal equivalence
How great will be the quaking, when the Judge is about to come, strictly investigating all things!
III
III
Col 1
III
Original
Tuba, mirum spargens sonum Per sepulchra regionum, Coget omnes ante thronum.
Approved adaptation
Wondrous sound the trumpet flingeth; Through earth's sepulchres it ringeth; All before the throne it bringeth.
Formal equivalence
The trumpet, scattering a wondrous sound through the sepulchres of the regions, will summon all before the throne.
IV
IV
Col 1
IV
Original
Mors stupebit, et natura, Cum resurget creatura, Iudicanti responsura.
Approved adaptation
Death is struck, and nature quaking, All creation is awaking, To its Judge an answer making.
Formal equivalence
Death and nature will marvel, when the creature will rise again, to respond to the Judge.
V
V
Col 1
V
Original
Liber scriptus proferetur, In quo totum continetur, Unde mundus iudicetur.
Approved adaptation
Lo, the book, exactly worded, Wherein all hath been recorded, Thence shall judgement be awarded.
Formal equivalence
The written book will be brought forth, in which all is contained, from which the world shall be judged.
VI
VI
Col 1
VI
Original
Iudex ergo cum sedebit, Quidquid latet, apparebit: Nil inultum remanebit.
Approved adaptation
When the Judge his seat attaineth, And each hidden deed arraigneth, Nothing unavenged remaineth.
Formal equivalence
When therefore the Judge will sit, whatever lies hidden, will appear: nothing will remain unpunished.
VII
VII
Col 1
VII
Original
Quid sum miser tunc dicturus? Quem patronum rogaturus, Cum vix iustus sit securus?
Approved adaptation
What shall I, frail man, be pleading? Who for me be interceding, When the just are mercy needing?
Formal equivalence
What then shall I, poor wretch [that I am], say? Which patron shall I entreat, when [even] the just may [only] hardly be sure?
VIII
VIII
Col 1
VIII
Original
Rex tremendæ maiestatis, Qui salvandos salvas gratis, Salva me, fons pietatis.
Approved adaptation
King of Majesty tremendous, Who dost free salvation send us, Fount of pity, then befriend us!
Formal equivalence
King of fearsome majesty, Who saves the redeemed freely, save me, O fount of mercy.
IX
IX
Col 1
IX
Original
Recordare, Iesu pie, Quod sum causa tuæ viæ: Ne me perdas illa die.
Approved adaptation
Think, kind Jesu! — my salvation Caused Thy wondrous Incarnation; Leave me not to reprobation.
Formal equivalence
Remember, merciful Jesus, that I am the cause of Your journey: lest You lose me in that day.
X
X
Col 1
X
Original
Quærens me, sedisti lassus: Redemisti Crucem passus: Tantus labor non sit cassus.
Approved adaptation
Faint and weary, Thou hast sought me, On the Cross of suffering bought me. Shall such grace be vainly brought me?
Formal equivalence
Seeking me, You rested, tired: You redeemed [me], having suffered the Cross: let not such hardship be in vain.
XI
XI
Col 1
XI
Original
Iuste Iudex ultionis, Donum fac remissionis Ante diem rationis.
Approved adaptation
Righteous Judge, for sin's pollution Grant Thy gift of absolution, Ere the day of retribution.
Formal equivalence
Just Judge of vengeance, make a gift of remission before the day of reckoning.
XII
XII
Col 1
XII
Original
Ingemisco, tamquam reus: Culpa rubet vultus meus: Supplicanti parce, Deus.
Approved adaptation
Guilty, now I pour my moaning, All my shame with anguish owning; Spare, O God, Thy suppliant groaning!
Formal equivalence
I sigh, like the guilty one: my face reddens in guilt: Spare the imploring one, O God.
XIII
XIII
Col 1
XIII
Original
Qui Mariam absolvisti, Et latronem exaudisti, Mihi quoque spem dedisti.
Approved adaptation
Through the sinful woman shriven, Through the dying thief forgiven, Thou to me a hope hast given.
Formal equivalence
You Who absolved Mary, and heard the robber, gave hope to me also.
XIV
XIV
Col 1
XIV
Original
Preces meæ non sunt dignæ: Sed tu bonus fac benigne, Ne perenni cremer igne.
Approved adaptation
Worthless are my prayers and sighing, Yet, good Lord, in grace complying, Rescue me from fires undying.
Formal equivalence
My prayers are not worthy: but You, [Who are] good, graciously grant that I be not burned up by the everlasting fire.
XV
XV
Col 1
XV
Original
Inter oves locum præsta, Et ab hædis me sequestra, Statuens in parte dextra.
Approved adaptation
With Thy sheep a place provide me, From the goats afar divide me, To Thy right hand do Thou guide me.
Formal equivalence
Grant me a place among the sheep, and take me out from among the goats, setting me on the right side.
XVI
XVI
Col 1
XVI
Original
Confutatis maledictis, Flammis acribus addictis, Voca me cum benedictis.
Approved adaptation
When the wicked are confounded, Doomed to flames of woe unbounded, Call me with Thy saints surrounded.
Formal equivalence
Once the cursed have been silenced, sentenced to acrid flames, Call me, with the blessed.
XVII
XVII
Col 1
XVII
Original
Oro supplex et acclinis, Cor contritum quasi cinis: Gere curam mei finis.
Approved adaptation
Low I kneel, with heart's submission, See, like ashes, my contrition, Help me in my last condition.
Formal equivalence
[Humbly] kneeling and bowed I pray, [my] heart crushed as ashes: take care of my end.
XVIII
XVIII
Col 1
XVIII
Original
Lacrimosa dies illa, Qua resurget ex favílla Iudicandus homo reus: Huic ergo parce, Deus:
Approved adaptation
Ah! that day of tears and mourning, From the dust of earth returning Man for judgement must prepare him, Spare, O God, in mercy spare him.
Formal equivalence
Tearful [will be] that day, on which from the glowing embers will arise the guilty man who is to be judged: Then spare him, O God.
XIX
XIX
Col 1
XIX
Original
Pie Iesu Domine, Dona eis requiem. Amen.
Approved adaptation
Lord, all-pitying, Jesus blest, Grant them Thine eternal rest. Amen.
Formal equivalence
Merciful Lord Jesus, grant them rest. Amen.
Original
Approved adaptation
Formal equivalence
I
Dies iræ, dies illa, Solvet sæclum in favilla: Teste David cum Sibylla.
Day of wrath and doom impending! David's word with Sibyl's blending, Heaven and earth in ashes ending!
The day of wrath, that day, will dissolve the world in ashes: (this is) the testimony of David along with the Sibyl.
II
Quantus tremor est futurus, Quando iudex est venturus, Cuncta stricte discussurus!
Oh, what fear man's bosom rendeth, When from heaven the Judge descendeth, On whose sentence all dependeth.
How great will be the quaking, when the Judge is about to come, strictly investigating all things!
III
Tuba, mirum spargens sonum Per sepulchra regionum, Coget omnes ante thronum.
Wondrous sound the trumpet flingeth; Through earth's sepulchres it ringeth; All before the throne it bringeth.
The trumpet, scattering a wondrous sound through the sepulchres of the regions, will summon all before the throne.
IV
Mors stupebit, et natura, Cum resurget creatura, Iudicanti responsura.
Death is struck, and nature quaking, All creation is awaking, To its Judge an answer making.
Death and nature will marvel, when the creature will rise again, to respond to the Judge.
V
Liber scriptus proferetur, In quo totum continetur, Unde mundus iudicetur.
Lo, the book, exactly worded, Wherein all hath been recorded, Thence shall judgement be awarded.
The written book will be brought forth, in which all is contained, from which the world shall be judged.
VI
Iudex ergo cum sedebit, Quidquid latet, apparebit: Nil inultum remanebit.
When the Judge his seat attaineth, And each hidden deed arraigneth, Nothing unavenged remaineth.
When therefore the Judge will sit, whatever lies hidden, will appear: nothing will remain unpunished.
VII
Quid sum miser tunc dicturus? Quem patronum rogaturus, Cum vix iustus sit securus?
What shall I, frail man, be pleading? Who for me be interceding, When the just are mercy needing?
What then shall I, poor wretch [that I am], say? Which patron shall I entreat, when [even] the just may [only] hardly be sure?
VIII
Rex tremendæ maiestatis, Qui salvandos salvas gratis, Salva me, fons pietatis.
King of Majesty tremendous, Who dost free salvation send us, Fount of pity, then befriend us!
King of fearsome majesty, Who saves the redeemed freely, save me, O fount of mercy.
IX
Recordare, Iesu pie, Quod sum causa tuæ viæ: Ne me perdas illa die.
Think, kind Jesu! — my salvation Caused Thy wondrous Incarnation; Leave me not to reprobation.
Remember, merciful Jesus, that I am the cause of Your journey: lest You lose me in that day.
X
Quærens me, sedisti lassus: Redemisti Crucem passus: Tantus labor non sit cassus.
Faint and weary, Thou hast sought me, On the Cross of suffering bought me. Shall such grace be vainly brought me?
Seeking me, You rested, tired: You redeemed [me], having suffered the Cross: let not such hardship be in vain.
XI
Iuste Iudex ultionis, Donum fac remissionis Ante diem rationis.
Righteous Judge, for sin's pollution Grant Thy gift of absolution, Ere the day of retribution.
Just Judge of vengeance, make a gift of remission before the day of reckoning.
XII
Ingemisco, tamquam reus: Culpa rubet vultus meus: Supplicanti parce, Deus.
Guilty, now I pour my moaning, All my shame with anguish owning; Spare, O God, Thy suppliant groaning!
I sigh, like the guilty one: my face reddens in guilt: Spare the imploring one, O God.
XIII
Qui Mariam absolvisti, Et latronem exaudisti, Mihi quoque spem dedisti.
Through the sinful woman shriven, Through the dying thief forgiven, Thou to me a hope hast given.
You Who absolved Mary, and heard the robber, gave hope to me also.
XIV
Preces meæ non sunt dignæ: Sed tu bonus fac benigne, Ne perenni cremer igne.
Worthless are my prayers and sighing, Yet, good Lord, in grace complying, Rescue me from fires undying.
My prayers are not worthy: but You, [Who are] good, graciously grant that I be not burned up by the everlasting fire.
XV
Inter oves locum præsta, Et ab hædis me sequestra, Statuens in parte dextra.
With Thy sheep a place provide me, From the goats afar divide me, To Thy right hand do Thou guide me.
Grant me a place among the sheep, and take me out from among the goats, setting me on the right side.
XVI
Confutatis maledictis, Flammis acribus addictis, Voca me cum benedictis.
When the wicked are confounded, Doomed to flames of woe unbounded, Call me with Thy saints surrounded.
Once the cursed have been silenced, sentenced to acrid flames, Call me, with the blessed.
XVII
Oro supplex et acclinis, Cor contritum quasi cinis: Gere curam mei finis.
Low I kneel, with heart's submission, See, like ashes, my contrition, Help me in my last condition.
[Humbly] kneeling and bowed I pray, [my] heart crushed as ashes: take care of my end.
XVIII
Lacrimosa dies illa, Qua resurget ex favílla Iudicandus homo reus: Huic ergo parce, Deus:
Ah! that day of tears and mourning, From the dust of earth returning Man for judgement must prepare him, Spare, O God, in mercy spare him.
Tearful [will be] that day, on which from the glowing embers will arise the guilty man who is to be judged: Then spare him, O God.
XIX
Pie Iesu Domine, Dona eis requiem. Amen.
Lord, all-pitying, Jesus blest, Grant them Thine eternal rest. Amen.
Merciful Lord Jesus, grant them rest. Amen.
· Text
O tu, Deus majestatis, alme candor Trinitatis nos conjunge cum beatis. Amen.
O tu, Deus majestatis, alme candor Trinitatis nos conjunge cum beatis. Amen.
Original
O tu, Deus majestatis, alme candor Trinitatis nos conjunge cum beatis. Amen.
Approved adaptation
O God of majesty nourishing light of the Trinity join us with the blessed. Amen.
Dynamic equivalence
You, God of majesty, gracious splendour of the Trinity conjoin us with the blessed. Amen.
Original
Approved adaptation
Dynamic equivalence
O tu, Deus majestatis, alme candor Trinitatis nos conjunge cum beatis. Amen.
O God of majesty nourishing light of the Trinity join us with the blessed. Amen.
You, God of majesty, gracious splendour of the Trinity conjoin us with the blessed. Amen.

References

  1. Catholic Encyclopedia
    https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Dies_Ir%C3%A6
  2. Scritti vari di Filologia
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    https://archive.org/details/reformofliturgy10000bugn
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  6. (Manual of Indulgences, Section 29)
  7. Missale Romanum
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    https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dies_Irae_(Irons,_1912)
  9. The Hymnal of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America
    https://hymnary.org/hymn/HPEC1940/468
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  35. Hollywood Bowl
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  39. Dread Central
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  40. Composers on Composing for Band
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  41. And the Stormwatch Brews…
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  42. The New York Times
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  43. Chorus, David Ogden Stiers, Paul Kandel & Tony Jay – The Bells of Notre Dame
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  44. "Musemes from Morricone's music for The Mission"
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  45. Sondheim & Co
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  47. BuzzFeed
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  49. Spotify
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  50. Hollow Knight: Silksong (Original Soundtrack)
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  51. Stay Free Radio
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  52. Kasprowicz, Jan, (1902). "Dies Iræ" . Hymn released in the tome "Ginącemu Światu"
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