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Diamond Sutra

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Diamond Sutra

The Diamond Sutra (Sanskrit: Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra) is a Mahāyāna Buddhist sutra from the genre of Prajñāpāramitā ('perfection of wisdom') sutras. Translated into a variety of languages over a broad geographic range, the Diamond Sūtra is one of the most influential Mahayana sutras in East Asia, and it is particularly prominent within the Chan (or Zen) tradition, along with the Heart Sutra. A copy of the Tang dynasty Diamond Sūtra was found among the Dunhuang manuscripts in 1900 by Daoist monk Wang Yuanlu and sold to Aurel Stein in 1907. It dates back to May 11, 868 CE and is broadly considered to be the oldest extant printed book, although other, earlier, printed materials on paper exist that predate this artifact. It is in the collection of the British Library.

The book of the diamond sutra is also the first known creative work with an explicit public domain dedication, as its colophon at the end states that it was created "for universal free distribution".

Infobox

Religion
Mahāyāna Buddhism
Author
Unknown
Language
Sanskrit
Period
2nd–5th century CE

Tables

· Selected English translations
Author
Title
Publisher
Notes
Year
ISBN
Max Müller
The Vagrakkhedika or diamond-cutter, in Buddhist Mahayana Texts (Sacred Books of the East), F. Max Muller et al.
Oxford University Press
Translation of the Vajracchedikā prajñāpāramitā from Sanskrit. Based on Muller's edition, the first Sanskrit edition published in the West, based on four Sanskrit manuscripts, one from Tibet, one from China, and two from Japan.
1894
William Gemmell
The Diamond Sutra (Chin-kang-ching), or, Prajna-paramita
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.; Project Gutenberg
Translation of the Diamond Sutra from Chinese with an introduction and notes.
1912
Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki
The Diamond Sutra
Various
Translation of the Diamond Sūtra
1934
Gregory Schopen
The Manuscript of the Vajracchedikā Found at Gilgit, in Studies in the Literature of the Great Vehicle: Three Mahāyāna Buddhist Texts, ed. by L. O. Gómez and J. A. Silk
Centers for South and Southeast Asia
Translation of the Diamond Sūtra from the Sanskrit Gilgit manuscript
1989
mw- body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw- .mw- .mw- .mw- } }ISBN 978-0891480549
Thich Nhat Hanh
The Diamond that Cuts Through Illusion
Parallax Press
The Diamond Sūtra with a Vietnamese Thiền commentary
1992
ISBN 0-938077-51-1
Mu Soeng
The Diamond Sutra: Transforming the Way We Perceive the World
Wisdom Publications
Translation of the Diamond Sūtra with commentary
2000
ISBN 978-0861711604
Edward Conze
Buddhist Wisdom: The Diamond Sutra and The Heart Sutra
Random House
The Diamond Sūtra and The Heart Sutra, along with commentaries on the texts and practices of Buddhism
2001
ISBN 978-0375726002
Michael Roach
The Diamond Cutter, An Exalted Sutra of the Greater Way on the Perfection of Wisdom
Tibetan-English edition, translated from the Tibetan translation of Shilendra Bodhi.
2001
Red Pine
The Diamond Sutra: The Perfection of Wisdom; Text and Commentaries Translated from Sanskrit and Chinese
Counterpoint
The Diamond Sūtra, translated from the Sanskrit (mostly from the editions by Max Muller and Edward Conze) with selections of Indian and Chán commentary from figures such as Asanga, Vasubandhu, Huineng, Linji and Chiang Wei-nung (1871–1938).
2001
ISBN 1-58243-256-2
Hsuan Hua
A General Explanation: The Vajra Prajna Paramita Sutra
Buddhist Text Translation Society
2002
ISBN 0881394300
Nan Huai-Chin
The Diamond Sutra Explained
Primodia Media
2004
ISBN 0-9716561-2-6
Price and Wong Mou-Lam
Diamond Sutra and the Sutra of Hui-neng
Shambhala Classics
Translation of the Diamond Sūtra and Platform Sutra
2005
ISBN 978-1590301371
Paul Harrison
Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā: A New English Translation of the Sanskrit Text Based on Two Manuscripts from Greater Gandhāra
Hermes Publishing
Translation of the Diamond Sūtra from the Sanskrit (compiled from Gilgit and the Schøyen collection manuscripts)
2006
Burton Watson
The Diamond Sutra
The Eastern Buddhist NEW SERIES, Vol. 41, No. 1
Translated and introduced by Watson, based on the modern Japanese annotated translation by NAKAMURA Hajime 中村元 and KINO Kazuyoshi 紀野一義 Hannya shingyō; Kongō hannyakyō (Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, 1960).
2010
Young San Seong Do
The Diamond Sutra
Angkor Verlag
Translation of the Diamond Sūtra based on the Chinese text by Kumarajiva, including a glossary of Chinese and Sanskrit terms
2010
ISBN 978-3-936018-64-6
Alex Johnson
Diamond Sutra
Created by taking 15 different previous translations of the Diamond Sūtra. Every element that was common through each of the translations was kept.
2019

References

  1. MacMillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism
  2. Wenjie Duan (1 January 1994). Dunhuang Art: Through the Eyes of Duan Wenjie. Abhinav Publications. p. 52. ISBN 978-81-70
  3. Diamond Sutra: Transforming the Way We Perceive the World
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140103092904/http://books.google.com/books?id=yhX_1dVKLtcC&pg=PA58
  4. International Journal of Asian Studies
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-asian-studies/article/abs/hyakumanto-darani-and-the-origins-of-printing-in-eighthcentury-japan/CFF689ABB89B176CC9355D2FE7E8DAA6
  5. "The Value of the Public Domain"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220331171110/https://rufuspollock.com/papers/value_of_public_domain.ippr.pdf
  6. World Digital Library
    http://www.wdl.org/en/item/8912/#institution=bavarian-state-library&page=2
  7. "The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalog (T 235)"
    http://www.acmuller.net/descriptive_catalogue/files/k0013.html
  8. Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies
    https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190717/http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/ojs/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8800/2707
  9. The Diamond Sūtra in Chinese Culture
  10. "Schøyen Collection: Buddhism"
    http://www.schoyencollection.com/buddhism.html
  11. The Diamond Sūtra in Chinese Culture
  12. The Sutra of Hui-neng, Grand Master of Zen: With Hui-neng's Commentary on the Diamond Sutra
  13. "Subhuti", in Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
  14. Kalupahana, David J. A History of Buddhist Philosophy, p. 156.
  15. Four Insights for Finding Fulfillment: A Practical Guide to the Buddha's Diamond Sūtra
  16. Diamond Sutra
    https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09552360020011277
  17. Harrison, Paul. Vajracchedika Prajñaparamita Diamond Cutting Transcendent Wisdom
  18. The Eastern Buddhist
  19. Harrison, Paul. (2006) "Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā: A New English Translation of the Sanskrit Text Based on Two Manusc
  20. "The Diamond of Perfect Wisdom Sutra"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150430223200/http://ctzen.org/sunnyvale/enUS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=141&Itemid=57
  21. Smithsonian Magazine
    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/Five-things-to-know-about-diamond-sutra-worlds-oldest-dated-printed-book-180959052/
  22. "Restoring the world's oldest book, the Diamond Sutra"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11912738
  23. IDP News
    https://web.archive.org/web/20130405100701/http://idp.bl.uk/archives/news38/idpnews_38.a4d
  24. "Conserving the Diamond Sutra"
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgN5HQXTlMc
  25. "Copy of Diamond Sutra"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20040603125317/http://www.bl.uk/collections/treasures/sutra/sutra_broadband.htm?middle
  26. "The Diamond Sutra"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230330204125/https://www.bl.uk/turning-the-pages/?id=1c92bc7e-8acc-49b3-9a27-b5ad8f44230a&type=sd_planar
  27. Buddhist Mahâyâna Texts
    https://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/sbe49/sbe4929.htm
  28. The Diamond Sutra (Chin-kang-ching), or, Prajna-paramita
    http://archive.org/details/cu31924022914588
  29. The Diamond Sutra (Chin-Kang-Ching) or Prajna-Paramita
    https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/64623
  30. Seon Buddhism
    http://buddhism.org/Sutras/DHARMA/Tripitaka/DiamondCutterSutra.htm
  31. The Vajra Prajna Paramita Sutra
    https://web.archive.org/web/20140520233206/http://www.buddhisttexts.org/uploads/6/3/3/1/6331706/_vajra_prajna_paramita_sutra.pdf
  32. Bibliotheca Polyglotta
    https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=volume&vid=1176
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