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Denmark

Updated: Wikipedia source

Denmark

Denmark is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark, also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the north Atlantic Ocean. Metropolitan Denmark, also called "continental Denmark" or "Denmark proper", consists of the northern Jutland peninsula and an archipelago of 406 islands. It is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries, lying southwest of Sweden, south of Norway, and north of Germany, with which it shares a short border. Denmark proper is situated between the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the east. The Kingdom of Denmark, including the Faroe Islands and Greenland, has roughly 1,400 islands greater than 100 square metres (1,100 sq ft) in area; 443 have been named and 78 are inhabited. Denmark's population is over 6 million (1 May 2025), of which roughly 40% live in Zealand, (Sjælland) the largest and most populated island in Denmark proper; Copenhagen, (København) the capital and largest city of the Danish Realm, is situated on Zealand and Amager and Slotsholmen. Composed mostly of flat, arable land, Denmark is characterised by sandy coasts, low elevation, and a temperate climate. Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm, devolving powers to the other constituent entities to handle their internal affairs. Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948; Greenland achieved home rule in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009. The unified Kingdom of Denmark emerged in the eighth century AD as a maritime power amid the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea. In 1397, it formed the Kalmar Union with Norway and Sweden. This union persisted until Sweden's secession in 1523. The remaining Kingdom of Denmark–Norway endured a series of wars in the 17th century that resulted in further territorial cessions. A surge of nationalist movements in the 19th century were defeated in the First Schleswig War of 1848. The adoption of the Constitution of Denmark on 5 June 1849 ended the absolute monarchy. In the Second Schleswig War Denmark lost Schleswig-Holstein, which led to changes in Danish politics henceforth emphasising social cohesion in the diminished realm, as well as the clearing of the vast moors of Jutland for agriculture, new Christian movements split between Indre Mission and Grundtvig, but generally a stronger self-perception among the people of belonging to a unified country and state. In 1920 North Schleswig became Danish. Denmark began industrialising in the mid 19th century, becoming a major agricultural exporter. It introduced social and labour market reforms in the early 20th century, forming the basis for the present welfare state model and advanced mixed economy. Denmark remained neutral during World War I; Danish neutrality was violated in World War II by a rapid German invasion in April 1940. During occupation, a resistance movement emerged in 1943, while Iceland declared independence in 1944; Denmark was liberated after the end of the war in May 1945. In 1973, Denmark, together with Greenland but not the Faroe Islands, became a member of what is now the European Union; however, it negotiated certain opt-outs, such as retaining its own currency, the krone. Denmark is a developed country with an advanced high-income economy, high standard of living, and robust social welfare policies. Danish culture and society are broadly progressive egalitarian, and socially liberal; Denmark was the first country to legally recognise same-sex partnerships. It is a founding member of NATO, the Nordic Council, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the United Nations, and is part of the Schengen Area. Denmark maintains close political, cultural, and linguistic ties with its Scandinavian neighbours. The Danish political system, which emphasizes broad consensus, is used by American political scientist Francis Fukuyama as a reference point for near-perfect governance; his phrase "getting to Denmark" refers to the country's status as a global model for stable social and political institutions.

Infobox

Sovereign state
Kingdom of Denmark
Consolidation
c. 8th century
Constitutional Act
5 June 1849
Capitaland largest city
Copenhagen 55°43′N 12°34′E / 55.717°N 12.567°E / 55.717; 12.567
Official languages
Danish
Regional languages
German[N 2]
Ethnic groups (2025)
mw- 83.7% Danish16.3% Others
Religion (2024)
71.4% Lutheranism (official)4.3% Islam24.3% Other / none
Demonym(s)
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li DanishDane
Government
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Frederik X
• Prime Minister
Mette Frederiksen
Legislature
Folketing
• Total
$449.940 billion[N 3] (35th)
• Water (%)
1.74
Highest elevation (Møllehøj)
170.86 m (560.6 ft)
• May 2025 estimate
6,001,008[N 3] (112th)
• Density
139.3/km2 (360.8/sq mi) (93rd)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Per capita
$74,969 (9th)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2022)
27.7 } }low
HDI (2023)
0.962very high · 4th
Currency
Danish krone
Time zone
UTC 01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 02:00 (CEST)
Driving side
Right
Calling code
45
Internet TLD
dk[N 4]
ISO 3166 code
DK

Tables

· Government services and politics › Danish Realm
Faroe Islands (Færøerne, Føroyar)
Faroe Islands (Færøerne, Føroyar)
Autonomous territory
Faroe Islands (Færøerne, Føroyar)
Population (2020)
52,110
Total area
1,399 km2 (540.16 sq mi)
Capital
Tórshavn
Local parliament
Løgting
Premier
Aksel V. Johannesen
Greenland (Grønland, Kalaallit Nunaat)
Greenland (Grønland, Kalaallit Nunaat)
Autonomous territory
Greenland (Grønland, Kalaallit Nunaat)
Population (2020)
56,081
Total area
2,166,086 km2 (836,330 sq mi)
Capital
Nuuk
Local parliament
Inatsisartut
Premier
Múte Bourup Egede
Autonomous territory
Population (2020)
Total area
Capital
Local parliament
Premier
Faroe Islands (Færøerne, Føroyar)
52,110
1,399 km2 (540.16 sq mi)
Tórshavn
Løgting
Aksel V. Johannesen
Greenland (Grønland, Kalaallit Nunaat)
56,081
2,166,086 km2 (836,330 sq mi)
Nuuk
Inatsisartut
Múte Bourup Egede
· Government services and politics › Administrative divisions › Regions
Hovedstaden
Hovedstaden
Danish name
Hovedstaden
English name
Capital Region of Denmark
Admin. centre
Hillerød
Largest city(populous)
Copenhagen
Population(April 2021)
1,856,061
Total area(km2)
2,568.29
Midtjylland
Midtjylland
Danish name
Midtjylland
English name
Central Denmark Region
Admin. centre
Viborg
Largest city(populous)
Aarhus
Population(April 2021)
1,333,245
Total area(km2)
13,095.80
Nordjylland
Nordjylland
Danish name
Nordjylland
English name
North Denmark Region
Admin. centre
Aalborg
Largest city(populous)
Aalborg
Population(April 2021)
590,322
Total area(km2)
7,907.09
Sjælland
Sjælland
Danish name
Sjælland
English name
Region Zealand
Admin. centre
Sorø
Largest city(populous)
Roskilde
Population(April 2021)
839,619
Total area(km2)
7,268.75
Syddanmark
Syddanmark
Danish name
Syddanmark
English name
Region of Southern Denmark
Admin. centre
Vejle
Largest city(populous)
Odense
Population(April 2021)
1,224,100
Total area(km2)
12,132.21
Source: Regional and municipal key figures
Source: Regional and municipal key figures
Danish name
Source: Regional and municipal key figures
Danish name
English name
Admin. centre
Largest city(populous)
Population(April 2021)
Total area(km2)
Hovedstaden
Capital Region of Denmark
Hillerød
Copenhagen
1,856,061
2,568.29
Midtjylland
Central Denmark Region
Viborg
Aarhus
1,333,245
13,095.80
Nordjylland
North Denmark Region
Aalborg
Aalborg
590,322
7,907.09
Sjælland
Region Zealand
Sorø
Roskilde
839,619
7,268.75
Syddanmark
Region of Southern Denmark
Vejle
Odense
1,224,100
12,132.21
Source: Regional and municipal key figures

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