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Democrats 66

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Democrats 66

Democrats 66 (Dutch: Democraten 66; D66) is a social-liberal and progressive political party in the Netherlands, which is positioned on the centre to centre-left of the political spectrum. It is a member of the Liberal International (LI) and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE). The party is led by Rob Jetten, who was elected party leader on 12 August 2023. Paul van Meenen, Rob Jetten and Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy are serving as the party's parliamentary leaders in the Senate, the House of Representatives and the European Parliament respectively. Its name refers to its year of foundation, 1966. Initially, its main objective had been to democratise the Dutch political system, but it developed a broader social liberal ideology over time. D66 is especially popular among people who hold a university degree, and its voters are mostly concentrated in larger cities and in municipalities with an above-average number of wealthy residents. The party supplies a relatively large proportion of mayors, who are appointed rather than elected. In the 1967 general election, D66 won 7 out of 150 seats in the House of Representatives. No new party had ever gained that many seats before. The party was in government from 1973 to 1977, 1981 to 1982, 1994 to 2002, 2003 to 2006 and 2017 to 2024. It currently holds twenty six seats in the House of Representatives, making it the joint largest parliamentary party along with the PVV. It also holds six seats in the Senate and three seats in the European Parliament.

Infobox

Abbreviation
D66
Leader
Rob Jetten (list)
Chairperson
Alexandra van Huffelen
Leader in the Senate
Paul van Meenen
Leader in the House of Representatives
Rob Jetten
Leader in the EP
Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy
Founders
mw- Hans van MierloHans Gruijters
Founded
14 October 1966 (1966-10-14)
Headquarters
Lange Houtstraat 11, The Hague
Youth wing
Young Democrats
Policy institute
Hans van Mierlo Foundation
Membership (January 2025)
29,673
Ideology
Social liberalismProgressivism
Political position
Centre to centre-left
Regional affiliation
Liberal Group
European affiliation
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe
European Parliament group
Renew Europe
International affiliation
Liberal International
Colours
mw- Green White
Senate
7 / 75
House of Representatives
26 / 150
Provincial councils
33 / 570
European Parliament
3 / 31
Benelux Parliament
2 / 21
Leader in the House of Representatives
Rob Jetten

Tables

· Election results › House of Representatives
1967
1967
Election
1967
Lead candidate
Hans van Mierlo
List
List
Votes
307,810
%
4.4
Seats
7 / 150
+/–
New
Government
Opposition
1971
1971
Election
1971
Lead candidate
List
List
427,720
Votes
6.7
%
11 / 150
Seats
4
+/–
Opposition
1972
1972
Election
1972
Lead candidate
List
List
307,048
Votes
4.1
%
6 / 150
Seats
5
+/–
Coalition
1977
1977
Election
1977
Lead candidate
Jan Terlouw
List
List
Votes
452,423
%
5.4
Seats
8 / 150
+/–
2
Government
Opposition
1981
1981
Election
1981
Lead candidate
List
List
961,121
Votes
11.0
%
17 / 150
Seats
9
+/–
Coalition
1982
1982
Election
1982
Lead candidate
List
List
351,278
Votes
4.3
%
6 / 150
Seats
11
+/–
Opposition
1986
1986
Election
1986
Lead candidate
Hans van Mierlo
List
List
Votes
562,466
%
6.1
Seats
9 / 150
+/–
3
Government
Opposition
1989
1989
Election
1989
Lead candidate
List
List
701,934
Votes
7.9
%
12 / 150
Seats
3
+/–
Opposition
1994
1994
Election
1994
Lead candidate
List
List
1,391,202
Votes
15.5
%
24 / 150
Seats
12
+/–
Coalition
1998
1998
Election
1998
Lead candidate
Els Borst
List
List
Votes
773,497
%
9.0
Seats
14 / 150
+/–
10
Government
Coalition
2002
2002
Election
2002
Lead candidate
Thom de Graaf
List
List
Votes
484,317
%
5.1
Seats
7 / 150
+/–
7
Government
Opposition
2003
2003
Election
2003
Lead candidate
List
List
393,333
Votes
4.0
%
6 / 150
Seats
1
+/–
Coalition
2006
2006
Election
2006
Lead candidate
Alexander Pechtold
List
List
Votes
193,232
%
2.0
Seats
3 / 150
+/–
3
Government
Opposition
2010
2010
Election
2010
Lead candidate
List
List
654,167
Votes
6.9
%
10 / 150
Seats
7
+/–
Opposition
2012
2012
Election
2012
Lead candidate
List
List
757,091
Votes
8.0
%
12 / 150
Seats
2
+/–
Opposition
2017
2017
Election
2017
Lead candidate
List
List
1,285,819
Votes
12.2
%
19 / 150
Seats
7
+/–
Coalition
2021
2021
Election
2021
Lead candidate
Sigrid Kaag
List
List
Votes
1,565,861
%
15.0
Seats
24 / 150
+/–
5
Government
Coalition
2023
2023
Election
2023
Lead candidate
Rob Jetten
List
List
Votes
656,292
%
6.3
Seats
9 / 150
+/–
15
Government
Opposition
2025
2025
Election
2025
Lead candidate
List
List
1,790,634
Votes
16.9
%
26 / 150
Seats
17
+/–
TBA
Election
Lead candidate
List
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
Government
1967
Hans van Mierlo
List
307,810
4.4
7 / 150
New
Opposition
1971
List
427,720
6.7
11 / 150
4
Opposition
1972
List
307,048
4.1
6 / 150
5
Coalition
1977
Jan Terlouw
List
452,423
5.4
8 / 150
2
Opposition
1981
List
961,121
11.0
17 / 150
9
Coalition
1982
List
351,278
4.3
6 / 150
11
Opposition
1986
Hans van Mierlo
List
562,466
6.1
9 / 150
3
Opposition
1989
List
701,934
7.9
12 / 150
3
Opposition
1994
List
1,391,202
15.5
24 / 150
12
Coalition
1998
Els Borst
List
773,497
9.0
14 / 150
10
Coalition
2002
Thom de Graaf
List
484,317
5.1
7 / 150
7
Opposition
2003
List
393,333
4.0
6 / 150
1
Coalition
2006
Alexander Pechtold
List
193,232
2.0
3 / 150
3
Opposition
2010
List
654,167
6.9
10 / 150
7
Opposition
2012
List
757,091
8.0
12 / 150
2
Opposition
2017
List
1,285,819
12.2
19 / 150
7
Coalition
2021
Sigrid Kaag
List
1,565,861
15.0
24 / 150
5
Coalition
2023
Rob Jetten
List
656,292
6.3
9 / 150
15
Opposition
2025
List
1,790,634
16.9
26 / 150
17
TBA
· Election results › Senate
1971
1971
Election
1971
Seats
6 / 75
+/–
New
1974
1974
Election
1974
Seats
3 / 75
+/–
3
1977
1977
Election
1977
Seats
0 / 75
+/–
3
1980
1980
Election
1980
Lead candidate
Jan Glastra van Loon
Seats
2 / 75
+/–
2
1981
1981
Election
1981
%
4 / 75
Seats
2
1983
1983
Election
1983
%
6 / 75
Seats
2
1986
1986
Election
1986
Lead candidate
Jan Vis
Seats
6 / 75
1987
1987
Election
1987
%
5 / 75
Seats
1
1991
1991
Election
1991
%
12 / 75
Seats
7
1995
1995
Election
1995
Lead candidate
Eddy Schuyer
List
List
Seats
7 / 75
+/–
5
1999
1999
Election
1999
Lead candidate
List
List
8,542
Votes
5.4
%
4 / 75
Seats
3
2003
2003
Election
2003
Lead candidate
List
List
7,087
Votes
4.4
%
3 / 75
Seats
1
2007
2007
Election
2007
Lead candidate
Gerard Schouw
List
List
Votes
3,270
%
2.0
Seats
2 / 75
+/–
1
2011
2011
Election
2011
Lead candidate
Roger van Boxtel
List
List
Votes
12,651
%
7.6
Seats
5 / 75
+/–
3
2015
2015
Election
2015
Lead candidate
Thom de Graaf
List
List
Votes
21,997
%
13.0
Seats
10 / 75
+/–
5
2019
2019
Election
2019
Lead candidate
Annelien Bredenoord
List
List
Votes
15,154
%
8.8
Seats
7 / 75
+/–
3
2023
2023
Election
2023
Lead candidate
Paul van Meenen
List
List
Votes
11,144
%
6.2
Seats
5 / 75
+/–
2
Election
Lead candidate
List
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
1971
6 / 75
New
1974
3 / 75
3
1977
0 / 75
3
1980
Jan Glastra van Loon
2 / 75
2
1981
4 / 75
2
1983
6 / 75
2
1986
Jan Vis
6 / 75
1987
5 / 75
1
1991
12 / 75
7
1995
Eddy Schuyer
List
7 / 75
5
1999
List
8,542
5.4
4 / 75
3
2003
List
7,087
4.4
3 / 75
1
2007
Gerard Schouw
List
3,270
2.0
2 / 75
1
2011
Roger van Boxtel
List
12,651
7.6
5 / 75
3
2015
Thom de Graaf
List
21,997
13.0
10 / 75
5
2019
Annelien Bredenoord
List
15,154
8.8
7 / 75
3
2023
Paul van Meenen
List
11,144
6.2
5 / 75
2
· Election results › European Parliament
1979
1979
Election
1979
Lead candidate
Aar de Goede
List
List
Votes
511,967
%
9.03
Seats
2 / 25
+/–
New
EP Group
NI
1984
1984
Election
1984
Lead candidate
Doeke Eisma
List
List
Votes
120,826
%
2.28
Seats
0 / 25
+/–
2
EP Group
1989
1989
Election
1989
Lead candidate
Jan-Willem Bertens
List
List
Votes
311,990
%
5.95
Seats
1 / 25
+/–
1
EP Group
LDR
1994
1994
Election
1994
Lead candidate
List
List
481,826
Votes
11.66
%
4 / 31
Seats
3
+/–
ELDR
1999
1999
Election
1999
Lead candidate
Lousewies van der Laan
List
List
Votes
205,623
%
5.80
Seats
2 / 31
+/–
2
2004
2004
Election
2004
Lead candidate
Sophie in 't Veld
List
List
Votes
202,502
%
4.25
Seats
1 / 27
+/–
1
EP Group
ALDE
2009
2009
Election
2009
Lead candidate
List
List
515,422
Votes
11.32
%
3 / 25
Seats
2
3 / 26
3 / 26
Election
3 / 26
Lead candidate
0
2014
2014
Election
2014
Lead candidate
List
List
735,825
Votes
15.48
%
4 / 26
Seats
1
2019
2019
Election
2019
Lead candidate
List
List
389,692
Votes
7.09
%
2 / 26
Seats
2
+/–
RE
2 / 29
2 / 29
Election
2 / 29
Lead candidate
0
2024
2024
Election
2024
Lead candidate
Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy
List
List
Votes
523,650
%
8.40
Seats
3 / 31
+/–
1
Election
Lead candidate
List
Votes
%
Seats
+/–
EP Group
1979
Aar de Goede
List
511,967
9.03
2 / 25
New
NI
1984
Doeke Eisma
List
120,826
2.28
0 / 25
2
1989
Jan-Willem Bertens
List
311,990
5.95
1 / 25
1
LDR
1994
List
481,826
11.66
4 / 31
3
ELDR
1999
Lousewies van der Laan
List
205,623
5.80
2 / 31
2
2004
Sophie in 't Veld
List
202,502
4.25
1 / 27
1
ALDE
2009
List
515,422
11.32
3 / 25
2
3 / 26
0
2014
List
735,825
15.48
4 / 26
1
2019
List
389,692
7.09
2 / 26
2
RE
2 / 29
0
2024
Gerben-Jan Gerbrandy
List
523,650
8.40
3 / 31
1

References

  1. Officially, Politieke Partij Democraten 66, pronounced [poːliˈtikə pɑrˈtɛi deːmoːˈkraːtə(n) ˌzɛsɛ(n)ˈzɛstəx], lit. 'Poli
  2. University of Groningen
    https://www.rug.nl/research/dnpp/themas/ledentallen/ledental-2025
  3. Benelux Parliament
    https://www.beneluxparl.eu/nl/politieke-fracties/
  4. I Am Expat
    https://www.iamexpat.nl/expat-info/dutch-expat-news/vvd-holds-majority-d66-are-big-winners-dutch-election
  5. Parties and Elections in Europe
    http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/netherlands.html
  6. The Times of Israel
    https://www.timesofisrael.com/27-year-old-israeli-dutch-jew-leads-new-progressive-party-into-dutch-parliament/
  7. The Guardian
    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/18/dutch-pm-mark-rutte-coalition-talks-election-victory
  8. The Democratic Society
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  10. BBC News
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-56436297
  11. "Rob Jetten nieuwe lijsttrekker D66"
    https://d66.nl/nieuws/rob-jetten-nieuwe-lijsttrekker-d66/
  12. Het Parool
  13. Politieke Voorkeur sinds augustus 2008 Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine on peil.nl
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    https://n7.noties.nl/v/get.php?a=peil.nl&f=voorkeur.jpg&cache=0
  16. (in Dutch) "Alexander Pechtold is dé oppositieleider van dit moment," Hanneke van der Werf and Nynke de Zoeten, Nova: De
    https://archive.today/20120905224659/http://www.novatv.nl/page/detail/uitzendingen/5975/'Alexander+Pechtold+is+d%E9+oppositieleider+van+dit+moment'
  17. (in Dutch) Hugo Logtenberg, "Alexander Pechtold: Ik heb meer dan ooit criticasters nodig" Archived 23 February 2012 at t
    http://www.intermediair.nl/artikel/branches-rijksoverheid/59710/alexander-pechtold-ik-heb-meer-dan-ooit-criticasters-nodig.html
  18. NOS
    https://nos.nl/artikel/2253630-alexander-pechtold-weg-als-partijleider-vertrekt-dinsdag-uit-kamer.html
  19. NOS
    https://nos.nl/artikel/2254034-rob-jetten-nieuwe-fractievoorzitter-d66.html
  20. RTL Nieuws
    https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/nederland/artikel/5220541/d66-onderschat-pvv-overschat-de-peilingen
  21. nos.nl
    https://nos.nl/collectie/13944/artikel/2486391-nieuwe-d66-leider-jetten-wil-de-mensen-opzoeken
  22. nos.nl
    https://nos.nl/artikel/2589528-kiesraad-stelt-uitslag-verkiezingen-vast-d66-grootste-met-29-668-stemmen-meer-dan-pvv
  23. D66. Voor de toekomst
    https://d66.nl/standpunt-over/ambitieus-europa-op-klimaat/
  24. de Volkskrant
    https://www.volkskrant.nl/gs-b726ac75
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    https://web.archive.org/web/20190719213751/https://groenlinks.nl/sites/groenlinks.nl/files/Initiatiefnota%20Mooi%20Nederland.pdf
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    https://noordholland.d66.nl/2015/03/06/d66-werkt-aan-echte-stilte-stiltegebieden/
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    https://chrisaalberts.nl/2025/07/11/de-d66-migratiesoep-wordt-bij-nader-inzien-toch-niet-zo-heel-heet-gegeten/
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    http://www.iamexpat.nl/read-and-discuss/expat-page/news/winners-losers-results-dutch-municipal-elections-2014
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    http://nos.nl/artikel/625676-d66-verovert-grote-steden.html
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  31. Democrats 66 Archived 6 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine on liberal-international.org
    http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=762
  32. Liberal Parties in Western Europe
    https://books.google.com/books?id=wtCIzAyQChQC&pg=PA412
  33. European Committee of the Regions
    https://memberspage.cor.europa.eu/members?country=NL&politicalGroup=2022426
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