| Award | Year | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| Academy Awards | 2024 | Best Supporting Actress | The Color Purple | Nominated | |
| Alliance of Women Film Journalists | 2024 | Best Actress in a Supporting Role | Nominated | |
| African-American Film Critics Association Awards | 2024 | Best Supporting Actress | Won | |
| Best Ensemble | Won |
| Astra Film and Creative Awards | 2024 | Breakthrough Performer Award | Herself | Won | |
| Best Supporting Actress | The Color Purple | Nominated | |
| Best Cast Ensemble | Won |
| Austin Film Critics Association Awards | 2024 | Best Actress in a Supporting Role | Nominated | |
| Celebration of Cinema and Television | 2023 | Ensemble Award – Film | Won | |
| BAFTA Film Awards | 2024 | Best Actress in a Supporting Role | Nominated | |
| Black Reel Awards | 2024 | Outstanding Supporting Performance | Won | |
| Outstanding Breakthrough Performance | Nominated |
| Critics' Choice Movie Awards | 2024 | Best Supporting Actress | Nominated | |
| Best Acting Ensemble | Nominated |
| Critics' Choice Television Awards | 2022 | Best Actress in a Limited Series or Movie Made for Television | Robin Roberts Presents: Mahalia | Nominated | |
| 2026 | Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series | Peacemaker | Pending | |
| Critics' Choice Super Awards | 2023 | Best Actress in a Superhero Series, Limited Series or TV Movie | Nominated | |
| Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association | 2023 | Best Supporting Actress | The Color Purple | 2nd place | |
| Daytime Emmy Awards | 2023 | Outstanding Daytime Program Host | Instant Dream Home | Nominated | |
| Drama Desk Award | 2016 | Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical | The Color Purple | Nominated | |
| 2023 | Outstanding Featured Performance in a Play | The Piano Lesson | Nominated | |
| Drama League Award | 2020 | Distinguished Performance | Much Ado About Nothing | Nominated | |
| 2023 | The Piano Lesson | Nominated | |
| Georgia Film Critics Association Awards | 2024 | Best Supporting Actress | The Color Purple | Nominated | |
| Best Ensemble | Nominated |
| Golden Globe Awards | 2024 | Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture | Nominated | |
| Grammy Awards | 2017 | Best Musical Theater Album | The Color Purple | Won | |
| Houston Film Critics Society Awards | 2024 | Best Supporting Actress | The Color Purple | Nominated | |
| NAACP Image Awards | 2016 | Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series | Orange Is the New Black | Nominated | |
| 2018 | Nominated | |
| 2019 | Nominated | |
| 2022 | Outstanding Actress in a Limited Series, Movie or Special | Robin Roberts Presents: Mahalia | Nominated | |
| Outer Critics Circle Award | 2016 | Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical | The Color Purple | Nominated | |
| Palm Springs International Film Festival | 2023 | Spotlight Award, actress | Herself | Won | |
| People's Choice Awards | 2024 | The Movie Performance of the Year | The Color Purple | Nominated | |
| Primetime Emmy Award | 2021 | Outstanding Television Movie | Robin Roberts Presents: Mahalia | Nominated | |
| Santa Barbara International Film Festival | 2024 | Virtuoso Award | The Color Purple | Won | |
| Satellite Awards | 2018 | Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Miniseries or TV Movie | Orange Is the New Black | Nominated | |
| 2022 | Best Actress in a Miniseries, Limited Series or TV Movie | Robin Roberts Presents: Mahalia | Nominated | |
| Saturn Awards | 2022 | Best Supporting Actress in a Streaming Series | Peacemaker | Nominated | |
| Screen Actors Guild Awards | 2014 | Outstanding Ensemble in a Comedy Series | Orange Is the New Black | Won | |
| 2015 | Won | |
| 2016 | Won | |
| 2017 | Nominated | |
| 2024 | Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role | The Color Purple | Nominated | |
| Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture | Nominated |
| Seattle Film Critics Society Awards | 2024 | Best Actress in a Supporting Role | Nominated | |
| Theatre World Award | 2016 | Herself | Honoree |
| Tony Awards | 2016 | Best Featured Actress in a Musical | The Color Purple | Nominated | |