| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Loss | 32–15 | Michael Bisping | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 204 | October 8, 2016 | 5 | 5:00 | Manchester, England | For the UFC Middleweight Championship. Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 32–14 | Héctor Lombard | KO (elbow) | UFC 199 | June 4, 2016 | 2 | 1:27 | Inglewood, California, United States | Performance of the Night. |
| Loss | 31–14 | Vitor Belfort | KO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson 3 | November 7, 2015 | 1 | 2:07 | São Paulo, Brazil | |
| Win | 31–13 | Tim Boetsch | KO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Boetsch vs. Henderson | June 6, 2015 | 1 | 0:28 | New Orleans, Louisiana, United States | |
| Loss | 30–13 | Gegard Mousasi | TKO (punches) | UFC on Fox: Gustafsson vs. Johnson | January 24, 2015 | 1 | 1:10 | Stockholm, Sweden | Return to Middleweight. |
| Loss | 30–12 | Daniel Cormier | Technical Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC 173 | May 24, 2014 | 3 | 3:53 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 30–11 | Maurício Rua | TKO (punches) | UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Henderson 2 | March 23, 2014 | 3 | 1:31 | Natal, Brazil | Performance of the Night. Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 29–11 | Vitor Belfort | KO (head kick) | UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson 2 | November 9, 2013 | 1 | 1:17 | Goiânia, Brazil | |
| Loss | 29–10 | Rashad Evans | Decision (split) | UFC 161 | June 15, 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada | |
| Loss | 29–9 | Lyoto Machida | Decision (split) | UFC 157 | February 23, 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | Anaheim, California, United States | |
| Win | 29–8 | Maurício Rua | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 139 | November 19, 2011 | 5 | 5:00 | San Jose, California, United States | Return to Light Heavyweight. Fight of the Night. Fight of the Year (2011). |
| Win | 28–8 | Fedor Emelianenko | TKO (punches) | Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Henderson | July 30, 2011 | 1 | 4:12 | Hoffman Estates, Illinois, United States | Heavyweight bout. |
| Win | 27–8 | Rafael Cavalcante | TKO (punches) | Strikeforce: Feijao vs. Henderson | March 5, 2011 | 3 | 0:50 | Columbus, Ohio, United States | Won the Strikeforce Light Heavyweight Championship Henderson vacated the title on September 19, 2011 when his contract was absorbed by the UFC. |
| Win | 26–8 | Renato Sobral | KO (punches) | Strikeforce: St. Louis | December 4, 2010 | 1 | 1:53 | St. Louis, Missouri, United States | Return to Light Heavyweight. Strikeforce Light Heavyweight title eliminator. |
| Loss | 25–8 | Jake Shields | Decision (unanimous) | Strikeforce: Nashville | April 17, 2010 | 5 | 5:00 | Nashville, Tennessee, United States | For the Strikeforce Middleweight Championship. |
| Win | 25–7 | Michael Bisping | KO (punch) | UFC 100 | July 11, 2009 | 2 | 3:20 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | UFC Middleweight title eliminator. Knockout of the Night. Knockout of the Year (2009). |
| Win | 24–7 | Rich Franklin | Decision (split) | UFC 93 | January 17, 2009 | 3 | 5:00 | Dublin, Ireland | Light Heavyweight bout. |
| Win | 23–7 | Rousimar Palhares | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 88 | September 6, 2008 | 3 | 5:00 | Atlanta, Georgia, United States | |
| Loss | 22–7 | Anderson Silva | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC 82 | March 1, 2008 | 2 | 4:52 | Columbus, Ohio, United States | For the UFC Middleweight Championship. Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 22–6 | Quinton Jackson | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 75 | September 8, 2007 | 5 | 5:00 | London, England | For the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship. |
| Win | 22–5 | Wanderlei Silva | KO (punches) | Pride 33 | February 24, 2007 | 3 | 2:08 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Won the Pride Middleweight Championship (205 lb). |
| Win | 21–5 | Vitor Belfort | Decision (unanimous) | Pride 32 – The Real Deal | October 21, 2006 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Light Heavyweight bout. |
| Loss | 20–5 | Kazuo Misaki | Decision (unanimous) | Pride – Bushido 12 | August 26, 2006 | 2 | 5:00 | Nagoya, Japan | Pride 2006 Welterweight Grand Prix Quarterfinal. |
| Win | 20–4 | Kazuo Misaki | Decision (unanimous) | Pride – Bushido 10 | April 2, 2006 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan | |
| Win | 19–4 | Murilo Bustamante | Decision (split) | Pride Shockwave 2005 | December 31, 2005 | 2 | 5:00 | Saitama, Japan | Won the Pride 2005 Welterweight Grand Prix and the Pride Welterweight Championship (183 lb). |
| Win | 18–4 | Akihiro Gono | KO (punch) | Pride Bushido 9 | September 25, 2005 | 1 | 7:58 | Tokyo, Japan | Pride 2005 Welterweight Grand Prix Semifinal. |
| Win | 17–4 | Ryo Chonan | KO (punch) | 1 | 0:22 | Pride 2005 Welterweight Grand Prix Second Round. |
| Loss | 16–4 | Antônio Rogério Nogueira | Submission (armbar) | Pride Total Elimination 2005 | April 23, 2005 | 1 | 8:05 | Osaka, Japan | Pride 2005 Middleweight Grand Prix Opening Round. |
| Win | 16–3 | Yuki Kondo | Decision (split) | Pride Shockwave 2004 | December 31, 2004 | 3 | 5:00 | Saitama, Japan | |
| Win | 15–3 | Kazuhiro Nakamura | TKO (shoulder injury) | Pride 28 | October 31, 2004 | 1 | 1:15 | Saitama, Japan | |
| Win | 14–3 | Murilo Bustamante | TKO (punches) | Pride Final Conflict 2003 | November 9, 2003 | 1 | 0:53 | Tokyo, Japan | Pride 2003 Middleweight Grand Prix Reserve bout. |
| Win | 13–3 | Shungo Oyama | TKO (punches) | Pride 25 | March 16, 2003 | 1 | 3:28 | Yokohama, Japan | |
| Loss | 12–3 | Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira | Submission (armbar) | Pride 24 | December 23, 2002 | 3 | 1:49 | Fukuoka, Japan | |
| Loss | 12–2 | Ricardo Arona | Decision (split) | Pride 20 | April 28, 2002 | 3 | 5:00 | Yokohama, Japan | |
| Win | 12–1 | Murilo Rua | Decision (split) | Pride 17 | November 3, 2001 | 3 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan | |
| Win | 11–1 | Akira Shoji | TKO (punches and knees) | Pride 14 – Clash of the Titans | May 27, 2001 | 3 | 3:18 | Yokohama, Japan | |
| Win | 10–1 | Renzo Gracie | KO (punch) | Pride 13 – Collision Course | March 25, 2001 | 1 | 1:40 | Saitama, Japan | |
| Loss | 9–1 | Wanderlei Silva | Decision (unanimous) | Pride 12 – Cold Fury | December 23, 2000 | 2 | 10:00 | Saitama, Japan | |
| Win | 9–0 | Renato Sobral | Decision (majority) | Rings: King of Kings 1999 Final | February 26, 2000 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan | Rings' King of Kings 1999 Tournament Final. |
| Win | 8–0 | Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira | Decision (split) | 3 | 5:00 | Rings' King of Kings 1999 Tournament Semifinal. |
| Win | 7–0 | Gilbert Yvel | Decision (unanimous) | 2 | 5:00 | Rings' King of Kings 1999 Tournament Quarterfinal. |
| Win | 6–0 | Hiromitsu Kanehara | Decision (majority) | Rings: King of Kings 1999 Block A | October 28, 1999 | 2 | 5:00 | Tokyo, Japan | Rings' King of Kings 1999 Tournament 2nd Round. |
| Win | 5–0 | Bakouri Gogitidze | TKO (submission to knee to the body) | 1 | 2:17 | Rings' King of Kings 1999 Tournament Opening Round. |
| Win | 4–0 | Carlos Newton | Decision (split) | UFC 17 | May 15, 1998 | 1 | 15:00 | Mobile, Alabama, United States | Won the UFC 17 Middleweight Tournament. |
| Win | 3–0 | Allan Goes | Decision (unanimous) | 1 | 15:00 | UFC 17 Middleweight Tournament Semifinal. |
| Win | 2–0 | Eric Smith | Technical Submission (guillotine choke) | Brazil Open '97 | June 15, 1997 | 1 | 0:30 | Brazil | Won the Brazil Open 1997 Tournament. |
| Win | 1–0 | Crezio de Souza | TKO (punches) | 1 | 5:25 | Brazil Open '97 Tournament Semifinals. |
