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Dalmatia

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Dalmatia

Dalmatia ( ; Croatian: Dalmacija [dǎlmatsija]; Italian: Dalmazia [dal'mattsja]) is a historical region located in modern-day Croatia and Montenegro, on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea. It is a narrow land belt stretching from the island of Rab in the north to the Bay of Kotor in the south. The Dalmatian Hinterland ranges in width from 50 kilometres in the north, to just a few kilometres in the south; it is mostly covered by the rugged Dinaric Alps. Seventy-nine islands (and about 500 islets) run parallel to the coast, the largest (in Dalmatia) being Brač, Pag, and Hvar. The largest city is Split, followed by Zadar, Šibenik, and Dubrovnik. The name of the region stems from an Illyrian tribe called the Dalmatae, who lived in the area in classical antiquity. With the expansion of Rome, the province of Illyricum was established, and in the early 1st century it was reorganised into the province of Dalmatia, which stretched over a vast territory. Consequently, a Romance culture emerged, and the indigenous Illyrian population became romanised. Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Migration Period, many different peoples passed through Dalmatia. While the local Illyro-Romans organized themselves around their city-states under Byzantine protection, the Croats arrived in the early 7th century and established the Duchy of Croatia, later becoming vassals of the Franks. With the Christianisation of the Croats, Slavic and Illyro-Roman elements began to intermingle in both language and culture. The Kingdom of Croatia was founded in 925, and it later incorporated the Theme of Dalmatia. After Croatia entered into a personal union with Hungary in 1102, Dalmatian cities were frequently conquered or shifted their allegiances during the Middle Ages. The Republic of Venice controlled parts of Dalmatia from 1000 to 1358 and from 1420 to 1797, while the Republic of Ragusa existed from 1358 to 1808. The Ottoman Empire conquered much of the Croatian-Hungarian kingdom between the late 15th and late 17th century, reducing the territory that had been considered Dalmatia until then. Venice subsequently reconquered the Dalmatian Hinterland, shaping the borders of what is today considered Dalmatia. These borders were further consolidated during Napoleon’s Illyrian Provinces and the Austrian 19th-century Kingdom of Dalmatia. At the end of World War I in 1918, as a part of unified Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, Dalmatia became part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. Its official name use was abolished in 1922, until a resurgence as Split-Dalmatia County in 1993 following Croatia’s independence. Modern Dalmatia has inherited a layered historical and linguistic heritage, which has in turn shaped its distinct cultural identity, evident in the region’s music, cuisine, traditions and lifestyle. The Shtokavian dialect of the Croatian language is mainly spoken on the mainland and in the hinterland, while Chakavian is spoken on the islands. While the number of native Italian and Venetian speakers has fallen over time, especially after the Istrian-Dalmatian exodus (1943–1960), these languages have left a deep and lasting impact on the vocabulary and prosody of modern Chakavian.

Infobox

Country
Croatia Montenegro
Named after
Dalmatae
Capital
Salona (10–639)Zadar (640–1918)Split (largest city)
Counties
ZadarŠibenik-KninSplit-DalmatiaDubrovnik-Neretva
• Total
803,930
Highest elevation (Dinara)
1,831 m (6,007 ft)
• Density
65.95/km2 (170.8/sq mi)
Demonym
Dalmatian
Time zone
Central European Time
Largest city
Split

Tables

· Administrative division
Zadar County (Zadarska županija)
Zadar County (Zadarska županija)
County
Zadar County (Zadarska županija)
County seat
Zadar
Population(Census 2011)
170,017
Ethnic Croats
157,389 (92.57%)
Other ethnic Groups
12,628 (7.34%): 8,184 Serbs (4.81%)
Šibenik-Knin County (Šibensko-kninska županija)
Šibenik-Knin County (Šibensko-kninska županija)
County
Šibenik-Knin County (Šibensko-kninska županija)
County seat
Šibenik
Population(Census 2011)
109,375
Ethnic Croats
95,582 (87.39%)
Other ethnic Groups
13,793 (12.61%): 11,518 Serbs (10.53%)
Split-Dalmatia County (Splitsko-dalmatinska županija)
Split-Dalmatia County (Splitsko-dalmatinska županija)
County
Split-Dalmatia County (Splitsko-dalmatinska županija)
County seat
Split
Population(Census 2011)
454,798
Ethnic Croats
441,526 (97.08%)
Other ethnic Groups
13.272 (2.92%): 4,797 Serbs (1.05%), 1,389 Bosniaks (0.31%) and 1,025 Albanians (0.23%)
Dubrovnik-Neretva County (Dubrovačko-neretvanska županija)
Dubrovnik-Neretva County (Dubrovačko-neretvanska županija)
County
Dubrovnik-Neretva County (Dubrovačko-neretvanska županija)
County seat
Dubrovnik
Population(Census 2011)
122,568
Ethnic Croats
115,668 (94.37%)
Other ethnic Groups
6,900 (5.63%): 2,095 Serbs (1.71%) and 1,978 Bosniaks (1.61%)
County
County seat
Population(Census 2011)
Ethnic Croats
Other ethnic Groups
Zadar County (Zadarska županija)
Zadar
170,017
157,389 (92.57%)
Serbs (4.81%)
Šibenik-Knin County (Šibensko-kninska županija)
Šibenik
109,375
95,582 (87.39%)
Serbs (10.53%)
Split-Dalmatia County (Splitsko-dalmatinska županija)
Split
454,798
441,526 (97.08%)
Serbs (1.05%), 1,389 Bosniaks (0.31%) and 1,025 Albanians (0.23%)
Dubrovnik-Neretva County (Dubrovačko-neretvanska županija)
Dubrovnik
122,568
115,668 (94.37%)
Serbs (1.71%) and 1,978 Bosniaks (1.61%)

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