-
According to Mullin, Smith and Shakabpa, however, the 12th Dalai Lama's Regent, Reting Rinpoche, was deposed in 1862 in
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According to their biographies, the Eighth, Jamphel Gyatso lived to 46 years old, the Ninth, Lungtok Gyatso to 9 years,
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Considering what occurred in Lhasa after the Chinese ambans murdered Gyurme Namgyal in 1750, however, the Manchus would
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"Definition of Dalai Lama in English"
https://web.archive.org/web/20130727211946/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Dalai-Lama -
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达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制
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Mullin 2001, pp. 52–3.
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David-Neel 2007, p. 89.
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Mullin 2001, p. 6.9
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明史通俗演義: 蔡東藩歷史演義-明朝
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Ming China, 1368–1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire
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Smith 1996, p. 106.
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Shakabpa 1984, pp. 94–95.
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L. Carrington Goodrich and Chaoying Fang，《Biography of Celebrities in Ming Dynasty 明代名人傳》，page 23
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Smith 1997, p. 107.
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Mullin 2001, p. 172–181.
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Mullin 2001, p. 182.
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Karmay 2014, p. 4.
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Michael Weiers, Geschichte der Mongolen, Stuttgart 2004, p. 182f
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Karmay 2014, p. 403.
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Shakabpa 2010, p. 1133.
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René Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes, New Brunswick 1970, p. 522.
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Bell 1946, p. 273.
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Smith 1997, p. 108.
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Buswell & Lopez 2014, p. 210.
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The Encyclopedia of Empire
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Smith 1997, pp. 108–113.
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达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英
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Karmay 2014, p. 309.
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Smith 1997, pp. 116–117.
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Snellgrove & Richardson 1968, p. 197.
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Stein 1972, p. 84–5.
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Mullin 1983, p. 244.
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Laird 2006, pp. 181–182.
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Mullin 2001, pp. 245–256.
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Karenina Kollmar-Paulenz, Kleine Geschichte Tibets, München 2006, pp. 109–122.
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Smith 1997, p. 121.
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Mullin 2001, pp. 260–271.
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Smith 1997, p. 122.
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McKay 2003, p. 569.
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Mullin 2001, p. 274.
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Richardson 1984, p. 48.
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Mullin 2001, p. 276–281.
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A Great Deception: The Ruling Lamas' Policies
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Smith 1997, p. 123.
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Mullin 2001, p. 281.
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Mullin 2001, p. 285–9.
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Smith 1997, pp. 123–5.
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Mullin 2001, p. 285.
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Smith 1997, pp. 122–3.
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Smith 1997, pp. 123–4.
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Mullin 2001, pp. 286–7.
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Richardson 1984, pp. 48–9.
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Stein 1972, p. 85.
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Mullin 2001, pp. 287–9.
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Smith 1997, pp. 124–5.
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Mullin 2001, p. 289.
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Smith 1997, pp. 124–6.
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Mullin 2001, p. 291.
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Smith 1997, p. 127.
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Smith 1997, pp. 125–6.
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Smith 1997, pp. 129–30.
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Shakabpa 1967, pp. 147–8.
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Smith 1997, p. 130–132.
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Van Schaik 2011, p. 144; Shakabpa 1967, p. 150.
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Smith 1997, p. 137.
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Smith 1997, p. 132–3.
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Mullin 2001, p. 302, p. 308.
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Mullin 2001, p. 303.
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The Hindu
http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/at-lhasa-tibetans-still-pray-for-dalai-lamas-return/article6367393.ece -
"Introduction to The Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka, Tibet"
https://web.archive.org/web/20150721213614/http://worldheritage.routes.travel/world-heritage-site/the-potala-palace-jokhang-temple-and-norbulingka-tibet/ -
Smith 1997, pp. 133, 137.
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达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英
https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA106 -
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https://books.google.com/books?id=ak3SQTVS7acC&pg=PA70 -
达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英
https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA55 -
The Historical Status of China's Tibet
https://books.google.com/books?id=ak3SQTVS7acC&pg=PA62 -
Records of the Qing Emperor Gaozong, Vol. 1186. p. 9
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Mullin 2001, pp. 323–7.
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Mullin 2001, pp. 328–332.
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Mullin 2001, pp. 333–4.
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Mullin 2001 pp. 338–9.
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Richardson 1984, pp. 59–60.
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Norbu & Turnbull 1968, pp. 311–312.
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Mullin 2001, pp. 343–6.
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Dhondup 1986, p. iv.
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Dhondup 1986, p. 3.
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Laird 2006, p. 197.
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Mullin 2001, pp. 346–8.
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Shakabpa 1984, p. 172.
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The Historical Status of China's Tibet
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Mullin 2001, p. 348.
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Shakabpa 1984, p. 173.
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Richardson 1984, p. 71.
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A Cambridge Alumni Database
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Mullin 2001, 349–351.
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Shakabpa 1984, p. 174.
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Mullin 2001, p. 352.
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Smith 1996, p. 138.
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达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英
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Mullin 2001, pp. 353–360.
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Shakabpa 1984, pp. 174–6.
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Mullin 2001, 360.
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Shakabpa 1984, pp. 175–6.
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"道光皇帝册封十一世达赖喇嘛之金册"
http://www.tibetology.ac.cn/2021-10/28/content_41720536.htm -
The System of the Dalai Lama Reincarnation
https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA80 -
The Treasury of Lives
http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Trichen-73-Ngawang-Jampel-Tsultrim-Gyatso/6979 -
Mullin 2001, pp. 361–7.
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Shakabpa 1984, pp. 176–181.
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达赖喇嘛转世及历史定制英
https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA91 -
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Mullin 2001, pp. 367–373.
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Shakabpa 1984, pp. 188–9.
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Smith 1997, p. 140.
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Mullin 2001, pp. 373–375.
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Shakabpa 1984, p. 191.
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In the third year of Guangxu (1877), the eighth Panchen Lama Danbai Wangxiu and the regent Delin Hutuktu, all monks and lay officials from the Three Great Temples and Tashilhunpo Monastery jointly asked the Minister in Tibet to transfer to the court. Since only one soul boy has been selected, and it has been recognized by all parties, please be exempt from signing the golden bottle. In March of that year, Emperor Guangxu issued a decree: "Lob Zangtab, son of Gongga Rinqin, opened Jiamucuo, that is, as the call of the Dalai Lama, Bielehan, there is no need to make a lottery."
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Sheel 1989, pp. 24, 29.
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Darjeeling Unlimited :: Tibetan Declaration of Independence
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thediplomat.com
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Norbu & Turnbull 1968, pp. 317–318.
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Laird 2006, p. 261.
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The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/27/china.jamessturcke -
The Dalai Lama: Spiritual Leader of the Tibetan People
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統一論壇
https://books.google.com/books?id=ymhKAQAAIAAJ -
十四世达赖喇嘛
https://books.google.com/books?id=etOVRV2Lr6oC&pg=PA23 -
On February 5, 1940, the National Government formally issued an order: "The Qinghai soul boy, Lamu Dengzhu, has profound wisdom, and a special book. The reincarnation of the 13th generation of the Dalai Lama should be exempted from drawing lots and succeeded to the 14th generation of Dalai Lama. By order."
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The Reincarnation of Living Buddhas
https://web.archive.org/web/20220930211113/http://www.livingbuddha.us.com/view-a4a452dadc42426184aa073f08dd26fb.html -
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Powers, John. History as Propaganda: Tibetan Exiles versus the People's Republic of China (2004) Oxford University Press
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Dalai Lama Intends To Retire As Head of Tibetan State In Exile Archived 27 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine by Mihai-Sil
http://www.metrolic.com/dalai-lama-intends-to-retire-as-head-of-tibetan-state-in-exile-148540/ -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/02/world/world-news-briefs-dalai-lama-group-says-it-got-money-from-cia.html -
Asia Times
https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114944/http://atimes.com/atimes/China/JK27Ad01.html -
The Times of India
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/The-burden-of-being-Dalai-Lama/articleshow/5183939.cms -
"The Dalai Lama, President Obama and Pope Francis at Highest Levels of Popularity in U.S. and Five Largest European Countries"
https://web.archive.org/web/20170910040958/http://www.theharrispoll.com/politics/The_Dalai_Lama__President_Obama_and_Pope_Francis_at_Highest_Levels_of_Popularity_in_U_S__and_Five_Largest_European_Countries.html -
"Dalai Lama says Tibet wants to remain part of China"
http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/dalai-lama-says-tibet-wants-to-remain-part-of-china/1/341687.html -
"We want to stay within China: His Holiness the Dalai Lama of Tibet"
http://www.thetibetpost.com/en/news/international/5282-we-want-to-stay-within-china-his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-of-tibet -
"Dalai Lama says 'Europe belongs to Europeans'"
https://www.france24.com/en/20180912-dalai-lama-says-europe-belongs-europeans -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/dalai-lama-europe-refugee-crisis-immigration-eu-racism-tibet-buddhist-a8537221.html -
"The Dalai Lama just said some (more) controversial things about women and migrants"
https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/27/world/dalai-lama-female-successor-europe-trump-bbc-trnd/index.html -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-tibet-dalai-lama-exclusive/exclusive-dalai-lama-contemplates-chinese-gambit-after-his-death-idUSKCN1QZ1NS -
The Times of India
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dalai-lama-contemplates-chinese-gambit-after-his-death/articleshow/68475487.cms -
Mongolia Weekly
https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/mongolia-the-next-dalai-lama-and-the-shadow-of-global-politics -
Mongolia Weekly
https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/china-influence-tibetan-buddhism -
RFA
https://web.archive.org/web/20201002230324/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/shaoshuminzu/hx1-10022020091411.html -
NDTV
https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dalai-lama-dalai-lama-news-what-dalai-lama-said-on-indias-role-in-religious-harmony-in-the-world-2659307 -
Trend News Agency
https://en.trend.az/world/other/3529518.html -
Dalai Lama apologizes for video of him kissing boy
https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2023/04/10/dalai-lama-kiss-young-boy-apology-vedika-sud-ovn-intl-ldn-vpx.cnn -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/world/india/dalai-lama-apologises-after-video-asking-boy-suck-my-tongue-2023-04-10/ -
"Dalai Lama apologizes after video asking child to 'suck' his tongue sparks outcry"
https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/10/india/dalai-lama-apology-kissing-boy-video-intl-hnk/index.html -
NPR
https://www.npr.org/2025/07/06/nx-s1-5458378/dalai-lama-90-tibet -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/02/dalai-lama-says-there-will-be-search-for-his-successor-ending-years-of-speculation -
Shakabpa 1984, pp. 112–113.
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Laird 2006, p. 177.
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"Dispatches from the Tibetan Front: Dharamshala, India," Archived 23 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine Litia Perta, The
http://www.brooklynrail.org/2008/04/express/dispatches-from-the-tibetan-front-dharamsala-india -
"The Dalai Lama"
https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/people/dalailama_1.shtml -
The New York Times
https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/12/world/asia/chinas-tensions-with-dalai-lama-spill-into-the-afterlife.html -
"Dalai Lama's confirmation of reincarnation"
https://web.archive.org/web/20080331073155/http://www.tibettravel.info/tibetan-buddhism/confirmation-of-reincarnation.html -
Central Tibetan Administration
https://tibet.net/statement-affirming-the-continuation-of-the-institution-of-dalai-lama/ -
BBC.com
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvjjd7xw8go -
BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-16689779 -
The title "Dalai Lama" was conferred posthumously to the 1st and 2nd Dalai Lamas.
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《明实录》又载："万历十五年（1587）十月丁卯......番僧答赖（即达赖）准升'朵儿只唱名号，仍给敕命、图书......"
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"趟徉历史的长廊： 净心之旅 西行漫记 奔向世界屋脊西藏（6-2）布达拉宫和藏传佛教 – [临渊阁]天地一家春"
https://www.antiquekeeper.ca/?p=109828 -
The Historical Status of China's Tibet
https://books.google.com/books?id=ak3SQTVS7acC&pg=PA71 -
The System of the Dalai Lama Reincarnation
https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA80 -
The System of the Dalai Lama Reincarnation
https://books.google.com/books?id=haMIsdC3iZwC&pg=PA89 -
Biography of the 12th Dalai Lama
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His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet
http://www.dalailama.com/biography/chronology-of-events -
Goldstein 2023, p. 328–.
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Chapman, F. Spencer. (1940). Lhasa: The Holy City, p. 127. Readers Union Ltd. London.
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Mullin 2001, p. 276.
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Glenn H. Mullin, "Faces of the Dalai Lama: Reflections on the Man and the Tradition," Quest, vol. 6, no. 3, Autumn 1993,
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Verhaegen 2002, p. 5.
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Time
https://time.com/3743742/dalai-lama-china-reincarnation-tibet-buddhism/ -
Smithsonian
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/murder-in-tibets-high-places-62805827 -
"Reincarnation"
http://www.dalailama.com/messages/statement-of-his-holiness-the-fourteenth-dalai-lama-tenzin-gyatso-on-the-issue-of-his-reincarnation -
The Observer
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/31/tibet-and-china-clash-over-next-reincarnation-of-the-dalai-lama -
AP NEWS
https://apnews.com/79313edf55b390fb26ce1652bc9fb1d5 -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/nov/28/china.religion -
Interview with Tashi Wangdi, David Shankbone, Wikinews, 14 November 2007.
https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama%27s_representative_talks_about_China,_Tibet,_Shugden_and_the_next_Dalai_Lama -
"Dalai's reincarnation will not be found under Chinese control"
https://web.archive.org/web/20090712112849/http://www.tibet.com/DL/next-reincarnation.html -
Dalai Lama may forgo death before reincarnation Archived 1 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Jeremy Page, The Austra
http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22838048-25837,00.html -
"Dalai's reincarnation will not be found under Chinese control"
https://web.archive.org/web/20090712112849/http://www.tibet.com/DL/next-reincarnation.html -
Foreign Affairs
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2010-05-01/geography-chinese-power -
"Why is there no female Dalai Lama?"
https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-faith/why-is-there-no-female-dalai-lama/2013/03/18/75ac132c-8fee-11e2-9cfd-36d6c9b5d7ad_story.html -
Puri, Bharati (2006) "Engaged Buddhism – The Dalai Lama's Worldview" New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006
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Haas, Michaela (2013). "Dakini Power: Twelve Extraordinary Women Shaping the Transmission of Tibetan Buddhism in the Wes
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South China Morning Post
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3279375/why-minority-languages-are-disappearing-some-classrooms-xinjiang-not-tibet -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/12/world/asia/dalai-lama-age-birthday-tibet.html -
Central Tibetan Administration
https://tibet.net/statement-affirming-the-continuation-of-the-institution-of-dalai-lama/ -
BBC.com
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvjjd7xw8go
