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Czech Republic

Updated: Wikipedia source

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,871 square kilometers (30,452 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec. The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial Estate of the Holy Roman Empire in 1002 and became a kingdom in 1198. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, all of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown were gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy. Nearly a hundred years later, the Protestant Bohemian Revolt led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Crown lands became part of the Austrian Empire. During the 19th century, the Czech lands underwent significant industrialization. Following the collapse of Austria-Hungary after World War I, most of the region became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918. Czechoslovakia was the only country in Central and Eastern Europe to remain a parliamentary democracy during the entirety of the interwar period. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, Nazi Germany systematically took control over the Czech lands. Czechoslovakia was restored in 1945 and three years later became an Eastern Bloc communist state following a coup d'état in 1948. Attempts to liberalize the government and economy were suppressed by a Soviet-led invasion of the country during the Prague Spring in 1968. In November 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended communist rule in the country and restored democracy. On 31 December 1992, Czechoslovakia was peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic and developed country with an advanced, high-income social market economy. It is a welfare state with a European social model, universal health care and free-tuition university education. It ranks 32nd in the Human Development Index. The Czech Republic is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Union, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group.

Infobox

Capitaland largest city
mw- 50°05′N 14°28′E / 50.083°N 14.467°E / 50.083; 14.467
Official languages
Czech
Officially recognized minority languages
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li Belarusian Bulgarian Croatian German Greek Hungarian Polish Romani Russian Rusyn Serbian Slovak Ukrainian Vietnamese As of 2022[update][a][b]
Ethnic groups (2021)
mw- 89% Czechs3.3% Moravians0.9% Slovaks0.7% Ukrainians2.1% other4.0% two nationalities
Religion (2021)
56 li 11.7% Christianity 9.3% Catholicism 2.4% other Christian 1.2% other30.1% unanswered
Demonym
Czech
Member state
European Union
Government
Unitary parliamentary republic
• President
Petr Pavel
• Prime Minister
Andrej Babiš
Legislature
Parliament
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
Chamber of Deputies
• Duchy of Bohemia
c. 870
• Kingdom of Bohemia
1198
• Czechoslovakia
28 October 1918
• Czech Republic
1 January 1993
• Total
$342.992 billion (47th)
• Water (%)
2.16 (as of 2022)
• 2024 estimate
10,900,555 (85th)
• 2021 census
10,524,167
• Density
133/km2 (344.5/sq mi) (91st)
GDP (PPP)
2024 estimate
• Per capita
$31,365 (38th)
GDP (nominal)
2024 estimate
Gini (2023)
24.4 } }low inequality
HDI (2023)
0.915very high (29th)
Currency
Czech koruna (CZK)
Time zone
UTC 1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 2 (CEST)
Date format
d. m. yyyy
Calling code
420[c]
ISO 3166 code
CZ
Internet TLD
cz[d]

Tables

Main office-holders · Government and politics
Petr Pavel
Petr Pavel
Office
President
Name
Petr Pavel
Party
Independent
Since
9 March 2023
Miloš Vystrčil
Miloš Vystrčil
Office
President of the Senate
Name
Miloš Vystrčil
Party
ODS
Since
19 February 2020
Tomio Okamura
Tomio Okamura
Office
President of the Chamber of Deputies
Name
Tomio Okamura
Party
SPD
Since
5 November 2025
Andrej Babiš
Andrej Babiš
Office
Prime Minister
Name
Andrej Babiš
Party
ANO
Since
9 December 2025
Office
Name
Party
Since
President
Petr Pavel
Independent
9 March 2023
President of the Senate
Miloš Vystrčil
ODS
19 February 2020
President of the Chamber of Deputies
Tomio Okamura
SPD
5 November 2025
Prime Minister
Andrej Babiš
ANO
9 December 2025
· Demographics
Czech
Czech
Nationality
Czech
Share
83.76%
Moravian
Moravian
Nationality
Moravian
Share
4.99%
Czech and Moravian
Czech and Moravian
Nationality
Czech and Moravian
Share
2.50%
Slovak
Slovak
Nationality
Slovak
Share
1.33%
Ukrainian
Ukrainian
Nationality
Ukrainian
Share
1.08%
Czech and Slovak
Czech and Slovak
Nationality
Czech and Slovak
Share
0.82%
Vietnamese
Vietnamese
Nationality
Vietnamese
Share
0.44%
Polish
Polish
Nationality
Polish
Share
0.37%
Russian
Russian
Nationality
Russian
Share
0.35%
Other
Other
Nationality
Other
Share
4.36%
Nationality
Share
Czech
83.76%
Moravian
4.99%
Czech and Moravian
2.50%
Slovak
1.33%
Ukrainian
1.08%
Czech and Slovak
0.82%
Vietnamese
0.44%
Polish
0.37%
Russian
0.35%
Other
4.36%

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