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Cyprus

Updated: Wikipedia source

Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, located off the coast of the Levant in West Asia. Cyprus’ capital is Nicosia, while its largest municipality is Limassol. The northeast portion of the island is governed by the self-declared, largely unrecognised Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is separated from the Republic of Cyprus by the United Nations Buffer Zone. In the south of the island of Cyprus are the British sovereign military bases of Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The island is the third largest and third most populous in the Mediterranean, after Sicily and Sardinia. Cyprus was first settled by hunter-gatherers around 13,000 years ago, with farming communities emerging by 8500 BC. The late Bronze Age saw the emergence of Alashiya, an urbanised society closely connected to the wider Mediterranean world. Cyprus experienced waves of settlement by Mycenaean Greeks at the end of the 2nd millennium BC. Owing to its rich natural resources (particularly copper) and strategic position at the crossroads of Europe, Africa, and Asia, the island was subsequently contested and occupied by several empires, including the Assyrians, Egyptians, and Persians, from whom it was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great. Successive rule by Ptolemaic Empire, the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire, Arab caliphates, the French Lusignans, and the Venetians was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman dominion (1571–1878). Cyprus was placed under British administration in 1878 pursuant to the Cyprus Convention and formally annexed by the United Kingdom in 1914. The island's future became a matter of disagreement between its Greek and Turkish communities. Greek Cypriots sought enosis, or union with Greece, which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s. Turkish Cypriots initially advocated for continued British rule, then demanded the annexation of the island to Turkey, with which they established the policy of taksim: portioning Cyprus and creating a Turkish polity in the north of the island. Following nationalist violence in the 1950s, Cyprus was granted independence in 1960. The crisis of 1963–64 brought further intercommunal violence between the two communities, displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots into enclaves, and ended Turkish Cypriot political representation. On 15 July 1974, a coup d'état was staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists and elements of the Greek military junta. This action precipitated the Turkish invasion of Cyprus on 20 July, which captured the present-day territory of Northern Cyprus and displaced over 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots. A separate Turkish Cypriot state in the north was established by unilateral declaration in 1983, which was widely condemned by the international community and remains recognised only by Turkey. These events and the resulting political situation remain subject to an ongoing dispute. Cyprus is a developed representative democracy with an advanced high-income economy and very high human development. The island's intense Mediterranean climate and rich cultural heritage, which features both Greek and Turkish elements, make it a major tourist destination. Cyprus is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement until it joined the European Union in 2004; it joined the eurozone in 2008. Cyprus has long maintained good relations with NATO and announced in 2024 its intention to officially join.

Infobox

Capital
Nicosia 35°10′N 33°22′E / 35.167°N 33.367°E / 35.167; 33.367
Largest city
Limassol
Official languages
mw- .inline, .inline dl, .inline ol, .inline ul, dl dl, dl ol, dl ul, ol dl, ol ol dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd dd , dd dt , dd li , dt dd , dt dt , dt li , li dd dd ol li GreekTurkish
Minority languages
ArmenianCypriot Arabic
Vernaculars
Cypriot GreekCypriot Turkish
Ethnic groups
Greek CypriotsTurkish CypriotsArmenian CypriotsMaronite Cypriots
Religion (2020; including Northern Cyprus)
72.3% Christianity25.0% Islam1.9% no religion0.8% other
Demonym
Cypriot
Government
Unitary presidential republic
• President
Nikos Christodoulides
• Vice-President
Vacant[b]
• President of the House of Representatives
Annita Demetriou
Legislature
House of Representatives
• London-Zürich Agreements
19 February 1959
• Independence proclaimed
16 August 1960
• Independence Day
1 October 1960
• Total[c]
9,251 km2 (3,572 sq mi) (162nd)
• Water (%)
0.11
• 2021 census
923,272[d]
• Density
123.4[c]/km2 (319.6/sq mi) (82nd)
GDP (PPP)
2025 estimate
• Total
$39.943 billion (102nd)
• Per capita
$42,413 (28th)
GDP (nominal)
2025 estimate
Gini (2022)
29.4 } }low inequality
HDI (2023)
0.913very high (32nd)
Currency
Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone
UTC 02:00 (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC 03:00 (EEST)
Calling code
357
ISO 3166 code
CY
Internet TLD
cy[e]

Tables

Largest groups of foreign residents · Demographics
Greece
Greece
Nationality
Greece
Population (2011)
29,321
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Nationality
United Kingdom
Population (2011)
24,046
Romania
Romania
Nationality
Romania
Population (2011)
23,706
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Nationality
Bulgaria
Population (2011)
18,536
Philippines
Philippines
Nationality
Philippines
Population (2011)
9,413
Russia
Russia
Nationality
Russia
Population (2011)
8,164
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Nationality
Sri Lanka
Population (2011)
7,269
Vietnam
Vietnam
Nationality
Vietnam
Population (2011)
7,028
Syria
Syria
Nationality
Syria
Population (2011)
3,054
India
India
Nationality
India
Population (2011)
2,933
Nationality
Population (2011)
Greece
29,321
United Kingdom
24,046
Romania
23,706
Bulgaria
18,536
Philippines
9,413
Russia
8,164
Sri Lanka
7,269
Vietnam
7,028
Syria
3,054
India
2,933

References

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  2. The vice presidency is reserved for a Turkish Cypriot. However the post has been vacant since the Turkish invasion in 19
  3. Including Northern Cyprus, the UN buffer zone and Akrotiri and Dhekelia
  4. Government-controlled areas of the Republic of Cyprus
  5. The .eu domain is also used, shared with other European Union member states.
  6. Greek: Κύπρος, romanised: Ký .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- Turkish: [ˈkɯbɾɯs] ⓘ; English /ˈsaɪprəs
  7. Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία, romanised: Kypriakí Dimokratía, [cipriaˈci ðimokraˈti.a], lit: Cypriot Republic; Turkish: Kı
  8. De jure until 1914
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