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Crimea

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Crimea

Crimea ( kry-MEE-ə) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey. The population is 2.4 million, and the largest city is Sevastopol. The region, internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, has been under Russian occupation since 2014. Called the Tauric Peninsula until the early modern period, Crimea has historically been at the boundary between the classical world and the steppe. Greeks colonised its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires and successor states while remaining culturally Greek. Some cities became trading colonies of Genoa, until conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Throughout this time the interior was occupied by a changing cast of steppe nomads, coming under the control of the Golden Horde in the 13th century from which the Crimean Khanate emerged as a successor state. In the 15th century, the Khanate became a dependency of the Ottoman Empire. Lands controlled by Russia and Poland-Lithuania were often the target of slave raids during this period. In 1783, after the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), the Russian Empire annexed Crimea. Crimea's strategic position led to the 1854 Crimean War and many short lived regimes following the 1917 Russian Revolution. When the Bolsheviks secured Crimea, it became an autonomous soviet republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. It was occupied by Germany during World War II. When the Soviets retook it in 1944, Crimean Tatars were ethnically cleansed and deported under the orders of Joseph Stalin, in what has been described as a cultural genocide. Crimea was downgraded to an oblast in 1945. In 1954, the USSR transferred the oblast to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on the 300th anniversary of the Pereyaslav Treaty in 1654. After Ukrainian independence in 1991, most of the peninsula was reorganised as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The Soviet fleet in Crimea was in contention, but a 1997 treaty allowed Russia to continue basing its fleet in Sevastopol. In 2014, the peninsula was occupied by Russian forces and annexed by Russia, but most countries recognise Crimea as Ukrainian territory.

Infobox

Location
Eastern Europe
Coordinates
mw- 45°18′N 34°24′E / 45.3°N 34.4°E / 45.3; 34.4
Adjacent to
mw- Black SeaSea of Azov
Area
27,000 km2 (10,000 sq mi)
Highest elevation
1,545 m (5069 ft)
Highest point
Roman-Kosh
Status
Internationally recognised as Ukrainian territory occupied by Russia (see Political status of Crimea)
Largest settlement
Sevastopol
Demonym
Crimean
Population
2,416,856 (2021)
Pop. density
84.6/km2 (219.1/sq mi)
ISO code
UA-43

Tables

· Economy › Energy
Dzhankoi gas field
Dzhankoi gas field
Name
Dzhankoi gas field
Type
onshore
Location
Dzhankoi
Holitsynske gas field
Holitsynske gas field
Name
Holitsynske gas field
Type
offshore
Location
Black Sea
Karlavske gas field
Karlavske gas field
Name
Karlavske gas field
Type
onshore
Location
Chornomorske
Krym gas field
Krym gas field
Name
Krym gas field
Type
offshore
Location
Black Sea
Odeske gas field
Odeske gas field
Name
Odeske gas field
Type
offshore
Location
Black Sea
Reserves
21 billion m3
Schmidta gas field
Schmidta gas field
Name
Schmidta gas field
Type
offshore
Location
Black Sea
Shtormvaia gas field
Shtormvaia gas field
Name
Shtormvaia gas field
Type
offshore
Location
Black Sea
Strilkove gas field
Strilkove gas field
Name
Strilkove gas field
Type
offshore
Location
Sea of Azov
Name
Type
Location
Reserves
Dzhankoi gas field
onshore
Dzhankoi
Holitsynske gas field
offshore
Black Sea
Karlavske gas field
onshore
Chornomorske
Krym gas field
offshore
Black Sea
Odeske gas field
offshore
Black Sea
21 billion m3
Schmidta gas field
offshore
Black Sea
Shtormvaia gas field
offshore
Black Sea
Strilkove gas field
offshore
Sea of Azov
· Demographics
Carried out by
Carried out by
Date
Carried out by
1785
Russian Empire
1795
Soviet Union
1816
Ukraine
1835
Russia
Ethnic group
Ethnic group
Date
Ethnic group
1785
%
1795
%
1816
%
1835
%
1850
%
1864
%
1897
Number
1897
%
1926
Number
1926
%
1939
Number
1939
%
1959
Number
1959
%
1970
Number
1970
%
1979
Number
1979
%
1989
Number
1989
%
2001
Number
2001
%
2014
Number
2014
%
Russians
Russians
Date
Russians
1785
2.2%
1795
4.3%
1816
4.8%
1835
4.4%
1850
6.6%
1864
28.5%
1897
180,963
1897
33.11%
1926
301,398
1926
42.2%
1939
558,481
1939
49.6%
1959
858,273
1959
71.4%
1970
1,220,484
1970
67.3%
1979
1,460,980
1979
66.9%
1989
1,629,542
1989
67.0%
2001
1,450,400
2001
60.4%
2014
1,492,078
2014
67.9%
Ukrainians
Ukrainians
Date
Ukrainians
1795
1.3%
1816
3.6%
1835
3.1%
1850
7%
1897
64,703
1897
11.84%
1926
77,405
1926
10.6%
1939
154,123
1939
13.7%
1959
267,659
1959
22.3%
1970
480,733
1970
26.5%
1979
547,336
1979
25.1%
1989
625,919
1989
25.8%
2001
576,600
2001
24.0%
2014
344,515
2014
15.7%
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars
Date
Crimean Tatars
1785
84.1%
1795
87.6%
1816
85.9%
1835
83.5%
1850
77.8%
1864
50.3%
1897
194,294
1897
35.55%
1926
179,094
1926
25.1%
1939
218,879
1939
19.4%
1979
5,422
1979
0.2%
1989
38,365
1989
1.6%
2001
245,200
2001
10.2%
2014
232,340
2014
10.6%
Belarusians
Belarusians
Date
Belarusians
1897
2,058
1897
0.38%
1926
3,842
1926
0.5%
1939
6,726
1939
0.6%
1959
21,672
1959
1.8%
1970
39,793
1970
2.2%
1979
45,000 (e)
1979
2.1%
1989
50,045
1989
2.1%
2001
35,000
2001
1.5%
2014
21,694
2014
1.0%
Armenians
Armenians
Date
Armenians
1795
6%
1816
1.3%
1835
1.5%
1850
1%
1864
6.5%
1897
8,317
1897
1.52%
1926
10,713
1926
1.5%
1939
12,923
1939
1.1%
1970
3,091
1970
0.2%
1989
2,794
1989
0.1%
2001
10,000
2001
0.4%
2014
11,030
2014
0.5%
Jews
Jews
Date
Jews
1795
2.3%
1816
2.3%
1835
2%
1850
2.2%
1864
7%
1897
24,168
1897
4.42%
1926
45,926
1926
6.4%
1939
65,452
1939
5.8%
1959
26,374
1959
2.2%
1970
25,614
1970
1.4%
1989
17,371
1989
0.7%
2001
5,500
2001
0.2%
2014
3,374
2014
0.1%
Others
Others
Date
Others
1785
13.7%
1795
3.9%
1816
2.1%
1835
5.5%
1850
5.4%
1864
7.7%
1897
72,089
1897
13.19%
1959
c.27,500
1959
2.3%
2014
92,533
2014
4.2%
Total population stating nationality
Total population stating nationality
Date
Total population stating nationality
1897
546,592
1897
713,823
1926
1,126,429
1939
1,813,502
1939
2,184,000
1959
2,430,495
1959
2,401,200
1970
2,197,564
Nationality not stated
Nationality not stated
Date
Nationality not stated
1959
12,000
1970
87,205
Total population
Total population
Date
Total population
1926
1,201,517
1959
2,458,600
1959
2,413,200
1970
2,284,769
Date
1785
1795
1816
1835
1850
1864
1897
1926
1939
1959
1970
1979
1989
2001
2014
Carried out by
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
Ukraine
Russia
Ethnic group
%
%
%
%
%
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Russians
2.2%
4.3%
4.8%
4.4%
6.6%
28.5%
180,963
33.11%
301,398
42.2%
558,481
49.6%
858,273
71.4%
1,220,484
67.3%
1,460,980
66.9%
1,629,542
67.0%
1,450,400
60.4%
1,492,078
67.9%
Ukrainians
1.3%
3.6%
3.1%
7%
64,703
11.84%
77,405
10.6%
154,123
13.7%
267,659
22.3%
480,733
26.5%
547,336
25.1%
625,919
25.8%
576,600
24.0%
344,515
15.7%
Crimean Tatars
84.1%
87.6%
85.9%
83.5%
77.8%
50.3%
194,294
35.55%
179,094
25.1%
218,879
19.4%
5,422
0.2%
38,365
1.6%
245,200
10.2%
232,340
10.6%
Belarusians
2,058
0.38%
3,842
0.5%
6,726
0.6%
21,672
1.8%
39,793
2.2%
45,000 (e)
2.1%
50,045
2.1%
35,000
1.5%
21,694
1.0%
Armenians
6%
1.3%
1.5%
1%
6.5%
8,317
1.52%
10,713
1.5%
12,923
1.1%
3,091
0.2%
2,794
0.1%
10,000
0.4%
11,030
0.5%
Jews
2.3%
2.3%
2%
2.2%
7%
24,168
4.42%
45,926
6.4%
65,452
5.8%
26,374
2.2%
25,614
1.4%
17,371
0.7%
5,500
0.2%
3,374
0.1%
Others
13.7%
3.9%
2.1%
5.5%
5.4%
7.7%
72,089
13.19%
c.27,500
2.3%
92,533
4.2%
Total population stating nationality
546,592
713,823
1,126,429
1,813,502
2,184,000
2,430,495
2,401,200
2,197,564
Nationality not stated
12,000
87,205
Total population
1,201,517
2,458,600
2,413,200
2,284,769

References

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