Conservative Party of Canada
Updated: 12/11/2025, 8:35:53 AM Wikipedia source
The Conservative Party of Canada (CPC; French: Parti conservateur du Canada, PCC), sometimes referred to as the Tories, is a federal political party in Canada. It was formed in 2003 by the merger of the two main right-leaning parties, the Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party) and the Canadian Alliance, the latter being the successor of the Western Canadian–based Reform Party. The party sits at the centre-right to right of the Canadian political spectrum, with their federal rival, the centre to centre-left Liberal Party of Canada, positioned to their left. The Conservatives are defined as a "big tent" party, practicing "brokerage politics" and welcoming a broad variety of members, including "Red Tories" and "Blue Tories". From Canadian Confederation in 1867 until 1942, the original Conservative Party of Canada formed numerous governments and had multiple names. However, by 1942, the main right-wing Canadian force became known as the Progressive Conservative Party. In the 1993 federal election, the PC Party's Western Canadian support transferred to the Reform Party. When it became clear that neither the PC Party nor the Reform Party or Canadian Alliance (the latter being the successor to the Reform Party) could beat the incumbent Liberals that had governed since the 1993 election, an effort to unite the right-of-centre parties emerged. In 2003, the Canadian Alliance and the PCs merged, forming the Conservative Party of Canada. During the Conservative Party's governance of Canada from 2006 to 2015, its economic policies included reducing sales tax, reducing income taxes, reducing business taxes, balancing the national budget, creating the tax-free savings account (TFSA), and creating the Universal Child Care Benefit. In social policy, the government eliminated the long-gun registry, introduced mandatory minimum sentences for violent crimes, raised the age of consent to 16 years of age, permitted the construction of several pipelines, and withdrew Canada from the Kyoto Protocol. The government also supported the State of Israel, negotiated the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), and negotiated the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Under its first leader, Stephen Harper, the party governed with two minority governments after the federal elections of 2006 and 2008. It then won a majority government in the 2011 federal election before being defeated in the 2015 federal election by a majority Liberal government led by Justin Trudeau. Despite winning a plurality of the vote in each election, the party remained in opposition after losing the 2019 and 2021 elections under its second and third leaders, Andrew Scheer and Erin O'Toole respectively. Pierre Poilievre was elected leader in the 2022 leadership election, leading the party through the 2025 election, which it again lost to the Liberals, while retaining Official Opposition status.
Infobox
Abbreviation
CPCPCC
Leader
Pierre Poilievre
President
Stephen Barber
House leader
Andrew Scheer
Deputy leaders
mw- Melissa LantsmanTim Uppal
Senate leader
Leo Housakos
Founders
Stephen Harper[a]Peter MacKay[b]
Founded
December 7, 2003; 22 years ago (2003-12-07)
Merger of
Progressive ConservativeCanadian Alliance
Headquarters
1800–66 Slater StreetOttawa, OntarioK1P 5H1
Membership (2022)
678,708
Ideology
Conservatism (Canadian)Economic liberalism
Political position
Centre-right to right-wing
Regional affiliation
Asia Pacific Democracy Union
European affiliation
European Conservatives and Reformists Party (regional partner, until 2022)
International affiliation
International Democracy Union
Colours
mw- Blue
Slogan
Canada First – for a Change (2025)
Senate
13 / 105
House of Commons
143 / 343
Tables
· Party leadership › Leader
Interim
2003
2003–2004
Interim
Leader
Interim
Leader
Leader
John Lynch-Staunton(June 19, 1930 – August 17, 2012)
Term start
December 8, 2003
Term end
March 20, 2004
Constituency
Senator for Grandville, Quebec
Notes
Interim leader, served concurrently as Senate Opposition Leader.
Interim
2015
2015–2017
Interim
Leader
Interim
Leader
Leader
Rona Ambrose(b. March 15, 1969)
Term start
November 5, 2015
Term end
May 27, 2017
Constituency
Sturgeon River—Parkland, Alberta
Notes
Interim leader, served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition.
Interim
2022
2022–2022
Interim
Leader
Interim
Leader
Leader
Candice Bergen(b. September 28, 1964)
Term start
February 2, 2022
Term end
September 10, 2022
Constituency
Portage—Lisgar, Manitoba
Notes
Interim leader, served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition.
| Leader | Term start | Term end | Constituency | Notes | ||
| Interim | | John Lynch-Staunton(June 19, 1930 – August 17, 2012) | December 8, 2003 | March 20, 2004 | Senator for Grandville, Quebec | Interim leader, served concurrently as Senate Opposition Leader. |
| | Stephen Harper(b. April 30, 1959) | March 20, 2004 | October 19, 2015 | Calgary Southwest, Alberta | Served as Leader of the Official Opposition from 2004 to 2006, and Prime Minister from 2006 to 2015. | |
| Interim | | Rona Ambrose(b. March 15, 1969) | November 5, 2015 | May 27, 2017 | Sturgeon River—Parkland, Alberta | Interim leader, served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition. |
| | Andrew Scheer(b. May 20, 1979) | May 27, 2017 | August 24, 2020 | Regina—Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan | Served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition. | |
| | Erin O'Toole(b. January 22, 1973) | August 24, 2020 | February 2, 2022 | Durham, Ontario | Served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition. | |
| Interim | | Candice Bergen(b. September 28, 1964) | February 2, 2022 | September 10, 2022 | Portage—Lisgar, Manitoba | Interim leader, served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition. |
| | Pierre Poilievre(b. June 3, 1979) | September 10, 2022 | Incumbent | Previously Carleton, Ontario.Currently Battle River—Crowfoot, Alberta. | Served concurrently as Leader of the Official Opposition until April 28, 2025, and again from August 18, 2025. Andrew Scheer served as parliamentary leader of the Conservative caucus and Leader of the Opposition from May 6, 2025, to August 18, 2025. | |
· Party leadership › Deputy Leader
| Deputy Leader | Term start | Term end | Constituency | Appointed by | Notes | |
| | Peter MacKay | March 22, 2004 | November 5, 2015 | Central Nova, Nova Scotia | Stephen Harper | |
| | Denis Lebel | November 18, 2015 | July 21, 2017 | Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec | Rona Ambrose (2015–2017)Andrew Scheer (2017) | |
| | Lisa Raitt | July 21, 2017 | November 28, 2019 | Milton, Ontario | Andrew Scheer | |
| | Leona Alleslev | November 28, 2019 | July 12, 2020 | Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill, Ontario | Andrew Scheer | |
| | Candice Bergen | September 2, 2020 | February 2, 2022 | Portage—Lisgar, Manitoba | Erin O'Toole | |
| | Luc Berthold | February 6, 2022 | September 12, 2022 | Mégantic—L'Érable, Quebec | Candice Bergen | |
| | Melissa Lantsman | September 13, 2022 | Incumbent | Thornhill, Ontario | Pierre Poilievre | Serving with Tim Uppal |
| | Tim Uppal | Edmonton Mill Woods, Alberta | Serving with Melissa Lantsman | |||
· Parliamentary caucus › Senate Caucus › Conservative leaders in the Senate
| Leader | Term start | Term end | Notes | |
| | John Lynch-Staunton | December 8, 2003 | September 30, 2004 | Also national leader until election of Stephen Harper on March 20, 2004; served concurrently as Leader of the Opposition in the Senate |
| | Noël A. Kinsella | October 1, 2004 | February 6, 2006 | Leader of the Opposition in the Senate |
| | Marjory LeBreton | February 6, 2006 | July 14, 2013 | Leader of the Government in the Senate; also served as Minister without portfolio until January 4, 2007, and Secretary of State for Seniors from January 4, 2007, until July 4, 2013. |
| | Claude Carignan | August 20, 2013 | March 21, 2017 | Leader of the Government in the Senate until November 4, 2015, then became Leader of the Opposition in the Senate |
| | Larry Smith | April 1, 2017 | November 5, 2019 | Leader of the Opposition in the Senate |
| | Don Plett | November 5, 2019 | May 14, 2025 | Leader of the Opposition in the Senate |
| | Leo Housakos | May 14, 2025 | Incumbent | Leader of the Opposition in the Senate |
· Election results › House of Commons
2004
2004
Election
2004
Leader
Stephen Harper
Votes
4,019,498
%
29.63
Seats
99 / 308
+/–
21
Position
2nd
Status
Opposition
2006
2006
Election
2006
Leader
5,374,071
Votes
36.27
%
124 / 308
Seats
25
+/–
1st
Position
Minority
2008
2008
Election
2008
Leader
5,209,069
Votes
37.65
%
143 / 308
Seats
19
+/–
1st
Position
Minority
2011
2011
Election
2011
Leader
5,832,401
Votes
39.62
%
166 / 308
Seats
23
+/–
1st
Position
Majority
2015
2015
Election
2015
Leader
5,578,101
Votes
31.89
%
99 / 338
Seats
67
+/–
2nd
Position
Opposition
2019
2019
Election
2019
Leader
Andrew Scheer
Votes
6,239,227
%
34.34
Seats
121 / 338
+/–
22
Position
2nd
Status
Opposition
2021
2021
Election
2021
Leader
Erin O'Toole
Votes
5,747,410
%
33.74
Seats
119 / 338
+/–
2
Position
2nd
Status
Opposition
2025
2025
Election
2025
Leader
Pierre Poilievre
Votes
8,099,549
%
41.27
Seats
144 / 343
+/–
25
Position
2nd
Status
Opposition
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Status |
| 2004 | Stephen Harper | 4,019,498 | 29.63 | 99 / 308 | 21 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 2006 | 5,374,071 | 36.27 | 124 / 308 | 25 | 1st | Minority | |
| 2008 | 5,209,069 | 37.65 | 143 / 308 | 19 | 1st | Minority | |
| 2011 | 5,832,401 | 39.62 | 166 / 308 | 23 | 1st | Majority | |
| 2015 | 5,578,101 | 31.89 | 99 / 338 | 67 | 2nd | Opposition | |
| 2019 | Andrew Scheer | 6,239,227 | 34.34 | 121 / 338 | 22 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 2021 | Erin O'Toole | 5,747,410 | 33.74 | 119 / 338 | 2 | 2nd | Opposition |
| 2025 | Pierre Poilievre | 8,099,549 | 41.27 | 144 / 343 | 25 | 2nd | Opposition |
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- «Ça va être beaucoup plus bas, surtout pour l'immigration temporaire. C'est impossible d'inviter 1,2 million de nouvelles personnes au Canada chaque année lorsqu'on bâtit 200 000 logements. C'est impossible. Il n'y a pas de place. Le Québec est au point de rupture», a déclaré le chef conservateur en entrevue au TVA Nouvelles.https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2024/06/20/immigration-le-quebec-est-au-point-de-rupture-dit-poilievre
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- "Trudeau Must Reimpose Visa Requirements on Mexico"https://www.conservative.ca/trudeau-must-reimpose-visa-requirements-on-mexico/
- "Poilievre adds to Legault's call for Liberal government to close Roxham Road border crossing"https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/legault-transfer-migrants-1.6756067
- Research Cohttps://researchco.ca/2024/04/03/death-penalty-canada-2024/
- BBC Newshttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49528267
- The Guardianhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/03/canada-abortion-rights-pregnancy
- "Conservative Party of Canada Policy Declaration, as amended September 9, 2023"https://cpcassets.conservative.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/23175001/990863517f7a575.pdf
- CBChttps://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/poilievre-same-sex-marriage-abortion-1.7222881
- CBC Newshttps://www.cbc.ca/news2/background/klein-ralph/
- CBC Newshttps://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa-won-t-have-referendum-on-same-sex-marriage-1.506829
- CBC Newshttps://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/alberta-deputy-premier-questions-harper-s-bitumen-export-promise-1.706936
- CBC Newshttps://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/premier-calls-for-harmonized-plan-for-climate-change-1.746847
- Alberta Federation of Labourhttps://afl.org/approval_of_second_massive_bitumen_highway_to_the_u_s_proves_ed_stelmach_is_misleading_albertans_when_he_promises_to_keep_oil_sands_jobs_in_alberta/
- The Starhttps://www.thestar.com/news/2007/06/12/harper_lashes_out_at_latest_critic_see_you_in_court.html
- The Hill Timeshttps://www.hilltimes.com/2021/03/21/former-hill-staffer-and-two-term-nova-scotia-national-councillor-batherson-elected-as-conservative-party-president/289819
- Western Standardhttps://www.westernstandard.news/news/conservative-national-council-elects-stephen-barber-as-new-president/article_f8e0ce9c-50e8-11ee-8124-c3076459eaaa.html
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/electoral-behaviour
- The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/conservative-party
- House of Commons of Canadahttps://www.ourcommons.ca/members/en/party-standings
- Conservatism in Canada
- Blue Thunder: The Truth About Conservatives from Macdonald to Harper
- Conservative Party of Canadahttps://www.conservative.ca/about-us/governing-documents/
- Conservative Party of Canadahttps://www.conservative.ca/campus-clubs/
- Conservative Party of Canadahttps://cpcassets.conservative.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/08155706/563593f115791eb.pdf
- The Globe and Mailhttps://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-tories-elect-don-plett-as-new-opposition-leader-in-the-senate/
- Globe and Mailhttps://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-not-entirely-ousted-senator-critical-of-otoole-remains-member-of-tory/