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Conservative Party (UK)

Updated: 12/16/2025, 9:06:39 PM Wikipedia source

The Conservative and Unionist Party, commonly the Conservative Party and colloquially the Tories, is one of the two main political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Labour Party. It sits on the centre-right to right-wing of the left–right political spectrum. Following its defeat by Labour at the 2024 general election it is currently the second-largest party by the number of votes cast and number of seats in the House of Commons; as such it has the formal parliamentary role of His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition. It encompasses various ideological factions including one-nation conservatives, Thatcherites and traditionalist conservatives. There have been 20 Conservative prime ministers. The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century, along with the Liberal Party. Under Benjamin Disraeli it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the British Empire. In 1912 the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party. Its rivalry with the Labour Party has shaped modern British politics for the last century. David Cameron sought to modernise the party after his election as leader in 2005, and the party governed from 2010 to 2024 under five prime ministers, latterly Rishi Sunak. The party has generally adopted liberal economic policies favouring free markets since the 1980s, although historically it advocated protectionism. The party is British unionist, opposing a united Ireland as well as English, Northern Irish, Scottish and Welsh independence, and has been critical of devolution. Historically the party supported the continuance and maintenance of the British Empire. The party has taken various approaches towards the European Union (EU), with Eurosceptic and, to a decreasing extent, pro-European factions within it. Historically the party took a socially conservative approach. In defence policy it supports an independent nuclear weapons programme and commitment to NATO membership. For much of modern British political history the United Kingdom exhibited a wide urban–rural political divide; the party's voting and financial support base has historically consisted primarily of homeowners, business-owners, farmers, real-estate-developers and middle-class voters, especially in rural and suburban areas of England. Since the EU membership referendum in 2016 the Conservatives have targeted working-class voters from traditional Labour strongholds. The party's domination of British politics throughout the 20th century made it one of the most electorally successful political parties in history.

Infobox

Leader
Kemi Badenoch
Lords Leader
The Lord True
Chief Whips
mw- Rebecca Harris (Commons)The Baroness Williams of Trafford (Lords)
Chairman
Kevin Hollinrake
Chief Executive
The Lord McInnes of Kilwinning
Founded
1834; 191 years ago (1834)(original form)9 May 1912; 113 years ago (1912-05-09)(current form)
Merger of
Conservative PartyLiberal Unionist Party
Preceded by
Tories
Headquarters
Conservative Campaign Headquarters 4 Matthew Parker Street, London SW1H 9HQ
Youth wing
Young Conservatives
Women's wing
Conservative Women's Organisation
Overseas wing
Conservatives Abroad
LGBT wing
LGBT Conservatives
Membership (July 2025)
123,000
Ideology
Conservatism (British)British unionismEconomic liberalism
Political position
Centre-right to right-wing
European affiliation
European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates
International affiliation
International Democracy Union
Irish affiliation
Ulster Unionist Party(1922–1972; 2009–2012)Irish Unionist Alliance(1891–1922)Irish Conservative Party(1834–1891)Ulster Unionist Party (as Ulster Conservatives and Unionists) (2009–2012)
Colours
mw- Sky blue
Slogan
"Renew and Rebuild" (2024)
Governing body
Conservative Party Board
Devolved or semi-autonomous branches
London ConservativesScottish ConservativesWelsh ConservativesNorthern Ireland ConservativesGibraltar Conservatives
Parliamentary party
1922 Committee
House of Commons
119 / 650
House of Lords
282 / 826
Scottish Parliament
28 / 129
Senedd
14 / 60
London Assembly
7 / 25
Directly elected strategic authority mayors in England
2 / 14
Directly elected single authority mayors in England
2 / 13
Councillors
4,246 / 18,645
Councils led
65 / 369
PCCs and PFCCs
18 / 37

Tables

Parliament of the United Kingdom · Election results and campaigns › UK general election results
No.
No.
Election
No.
Leader
Share
Votes
No.
Votes
±
Seats
Share
1835
1835
Election
1835
Leader
Robert Peel
Votes
261,269
Votes
40.8%
Seats
273 / 658
Seats
98
Seats
41.5%
Position
2nd
Government
Whig
1837
1837
Election
1837
Leader
379,694
Votes
48.3%
Votes
314 / 658
Seats
41
Seats
47.7%
Seats
2nd
Position
Whig
1841
1841
Election
1841
Leader
379,694
Votes
56.9%
Votes
367 / 658
Seats
53
Seats
55.8%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative
1847
1847
Election
1847
Leader
Earl of Derby
Votes
205,481
Votes
42.7%
Seats
325 / 656
Seats
42
Seats
49.5%
Position
1st
Government
Whig
1852
1852
Election
1852
Leader
311,481
Votes
41.9%
Votes
330 / 654
Seats
5
Seats
50.5%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative minority
1857
1857
Election
1857
Leader
239,712
Votes
34.0%
Votes
264 / 654
Seats
66
Seats
40.4%
Seats
2nd
Position
Whig
1859
1859
Election
1859
Leader
193,232
Votes
34.3%
Votes
298 / 654
Seats
34
Seats
45.6%
Seats
2nd
Position
Conservative minority
1865
1865
Election
1865
Leader
346,035
Votes
40.5%
Votes
289 / 658
Seats
9
Seats
43.9%
Seats
2nd
Position
Liberal
1868
1868
Election
1868
Leader
Benjamin Disraeli
Votes
903,318
Votes
38.4%
Seats
271 / 658
Seats
18
Seats
41.2%
Position
2nd
Government
Liberal
1874
1874
Election
1874
Leader
1,091,708
Votes
44.3%
Votes
350 / 652
Seats
79
Seats
53.7%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative
1880
1880
Election
1880
Leader
1,462,351
Votes
42.5%
Votes
237 / 652
Seats
113
Seats
36.3%
Seats
2nd
Position
Liberal
1885
1885
Election
1885
Leader
Marquess of Salisbury
Votes
1,869,560
Votes
43.4%
Seats
247 / 670
Seats
10
Seats
36.9%
Position
2nd
Government
Conservative minority
1886
1886
Election
1886
Leader
1,417,627
Votes
51.4%
Votes
393 / 670
Seats
146
Seats
58.7%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative–Liberal Unionist
1892
1892
Election
1892
Leader
2,028,586
Votes
47.0%
Votes
314 / 670
Seats
79
Seats
46.9%
Seats
2nd
Position
Conservative minority
1895
1895
Election
1895
Leader
1,759,484
Votes
49.3%
Votes
411 / 670
Seats
97
Seats
61.3%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative–Liberal Unionist
1900
1900
Election
1900
Leader
1,637,683
Votes
50.2%
Votes
402 / 670
Seats
9
Seats
60.0%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative–Liberal Unionist
1906
1906
Election
1906
Leader
Arthur Balfour
Votes
2,278,076
Votes
43.4%
Seats
156 / 670
Seats
246
Seats
23.3%
Position
2nd
Government
Liberal
January 1910
January 1910
Election
January 1910
Leader
2,919,236
Votes
46.8%
Votes
272 / 670
Seats
116
Seats
40.6%
Seats
2nd
Position
Liberal minority
December 1910
December 1910
Election
December 1910
Leader
2,270,753
Votes
46.6%
Votes
271 / 670
Seats
1
Seats
40.5%
Seats
2nd
Position
Liberal minority
Merged with Liberal Unionist Party in 1912 to become the Conservative and Unionist Party
Merged with Liberal Unionist Party in 1912 to become the Conservative and Unionist Party
Election
Merged with Liberal Unionist Party in 1912 to become the Conservative and Unionist Party
1918
1918
Election
1918
Leader
Bonar Law
Votes
4,003,848
Votes
38.4%
Seats
379 / 707332 elected with Coupon
Seats
108
Seats
53.6%
Position
1st
Government
Coalition Liberal–Conservative
1922
1922
Election
1922
Leader
5,294,465
Votes
38.5%
Votes
344 / 615
Seats
35
Seats
55.9%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative
1923
1923
Election
1923
Leader
Stanley Baldwin
Votes
5,286,159
Votes
38.0%
Seats
258 / 625
Seats
86
Seats
41.3%
Position
1st
Government
Conservative minority
1924
1924
Election
1924
Leader
7,418,983
Votes
46.8%
Votes
412 / 615
Seats
124
Seats
67.0%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative
1929
1929
Election
1929
Leader
8,252,527
Votes
38.1%
Votes
260 / 615
Seats
152
Seats
42.3%
Seats
2nd
Position
Labour minority
1931
1931
Election
1931
Leader
11,377,022
Votes
55.0%
Votes
470 / 615
Seats
210
Seats
76.4%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative–Liberal–National Labour
1935
1935
Election
1935
Leader
10,025,083
Votes
47.8%
Votes
386 / 615
Seats
83
Seats
62.8%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative–Liberal National–National Labour
1945
1945
Election
1945
Leader
Winston Churchill
Votes
8,716,211
Votes
36.2%
Seats
197 / 640
Seats
189
Seats
30.8%
Position
2nd
Government
Labour
1950
1950
Election
1950
Leader
11,507,061
Votes
40.0%
Votes
282 / 625
Seats
85
Seats
45.1%
Seats
2nd
Position
Labour
1951
1951
Election
1951
Leader
13,724,418
Votes
48.0%
Votes
302 / 625
Seats
20
Seats
48.3%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative–National Liberal
1955
1955
Election
1955
Leader
Anthony Eden
Votes
13,310,891
Votes
49.7%
Seats
324 / 630
Seats
22
Seats
51.4%
Position
1st
Government
Conservative–National Liberal
1959
1959
Election
1959
Leader
Harold Macmillan
Votes
13,750,875
Votes
49.4%
Seats
345 / 630
Seats
21
Seats
54.8%
Position
1st
Government
Conservative–National Liberal
1964
1964
Election
1964
Leader
Alec Douglas-Home
Votes
12,002,642
Votes
43.4%
Seats
298 / 630
Seats
47
Seats
47.3%
Position
2nd
Government
Labour
1966
1966
Election
1966
Leader
Edward Heath
Votes
11,418,455
Votes
41.9%
Seats
250 / 630
Seats
48
Seats
39.7%
Position
2nd
Government
Labour
1970
1970
Election
1970
Leader
13,145,123
Votes
46.4%
Votes
330 / 630
Seats
80
Seats
52.4%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative
February 1974
February 1974
Election
February 1974
Leader
11,872,180
Votes
37.9%
Votes
297 / 635
Seats
33
Seats
46.8%
Seats
2nd
Position
Labour minority
October 1974
October 1974
Election
October 1974
Leader
10,462,565
Votes
35.8%
Votes
277 / 635
Seats
20
Seats
43.6%
Seats
2nd
Position
Labour
1979
1979
Election
1979
Leader
Margaret Thatcher
Votes
13,697,923
Votes
43.9%
Seats
339 / 635
Seats
62
Seats
53.4%
Position
1st
Government
Conservative
1983
1983
Election
1983
Leader
13,012,316
Votes
42.4%
Votes
397 / 650
Seats
58
Seats
61.1%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative
1987
1987
Election
1987
Leader
13,760,935
Votes
42.2%
Votes
376 / 650
Seats
21
Seats
57.8%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative
1992
1992
Election
1992
Leader
John Major
Votes
14,093,007
Votes
41.9%
Seats
336 / 651
Seats
40
Seats
51.6%
Position
1st
Government
Conservative
1997
1997
Election
1997
Leader
9,600,943
Votes
30.7%
Votes
165 / 659
Seats
171
Seats
25.0%
Seats
2nd
Position
Labour
2001
2001
Election
2001
Leader
William Hague
Votes
8,357,615
Votes
31.7%
Seats
166 / 659
Seats
1
Seats
25.2%
Position
2nd
Government
Labour
2005
2005
Election
2005
Leader
Michael Howard
Votes
8,785,941
Votes
32.4%
Seats
198 / 646
Seats
32
Seats
30.7%
Position
2nd
Government
Labour
2010
2010
Election
2010
Leader
David Cameron
Votes
10,704,647
Votes
36.1%
Seats
306 / 650
Seats
108
Seats
47.1%
Position
1st
Government
Conservative–Liberal Democrats
2015
2015
Election
2015
Leader
11,334,920
Votes
36.9%
Votes
330 / 650
Seats
24
Seats
50.8%
Seats
1st
Position
Conservative
2017
2017
Election
2017
Leader
Theresa May
Votes
13,636,684
Votes
42.3%
Seats
317 / 650
Seats
13
Seats
48.8%
Position
1st
Government
Conservative minority with DUP confidence and supply
2019
2019
Election
2019
Leader
Boris Johnson
Votes
13,966,451
Votes
43.6%
Seats
365 / 650
Seats
48
Seats
56.2%
Position
1st
Government
Conservative
2024
2024
Election
2024
Leader
Rishi Sunak
Votes
6,828,925
Votes
23.7%
Seats
121 / 650
Seats
244
Seats
18.6%
Position
2nd
Government
Labour
Election
Leader
Votes
Seats
Position
Government
No.
Share
No.
±
Share
1835
Robert Peel
261,269
40.8%
273 / 658
98
41.5%
2nd
Whig
1837
379,694
48.3%
314 / 658
41
47.7%
2nd
Whig
1841
379,694
56.9%
367 / 658
53
55.8%
1st
Conservative
1847
Earl of Derby
205,481
42.7%
325 / 656
42
49.5%
1st
Whig
1852
311,481
41.9%
330 / 654
5
50.5%
1st
Conservative minority
1857
239,712
34.0%
264 / 654
66
40.4%
2nd
Whig
1859
193,232
34.3%
298 / 654
34
45.6%
2nd
Conservative minority
1865
346,035
40.5%
289 / 658
9
43.9%
2nd
Liberal
1868
Benjamin Disraeli
903,318
38.4%
271 / 658
18
41.2%
2nd
Liberal
1874
1,091,708
44.3%
350 / 652
79
53.7%
1st
Conservative
1880
1,462,351
42.5%
237 / 652
113
36.3%
2nd
Liberal
1885
Marquess of Salisbury
1,869,560
43.4%
247 / 670
10
36.9%
2nd
Conservative minority
1886
1,417,627
51.4%
393 / 670
146
58.7%
1st
Conservative–Liberal Unionist
1892
2,028,586
47.0%
314 / 670
79
46.9%
2nd
Conservative minority
1895
1,759,484
49.3%
411 / 670
97
61.3%
1st
Conservative–Liberal Unionist
1900
1,637,683
50.2%
402 / 670
9
60.0%
1st
Conservative–Liberal Unionist
1906
Arthur Balfour
2,278,076
43.4%
156 / 670
246
23.3%
2nd
Liberal
January 1910
2,919,236
46.8%
272 / 670
116
40.6%
2nd
Liberal minority
December 1910
2,270,753
46.6%
271 / 670
1
40.5%
2nd
Liberal minority
Merged with Liberal Unionist Party in 1912 to become the Conservative and Unionist Party
1918
Bonar Law
4,003,848
38.4%
379 / 707332 elected with Coupon
108
53.6%
1st
Coalition Liberal–Conservative
1922
5,294,465
38.5%
344 / 615
35
55.9%
1st
Conservative
1923
Stanley Baldwin
5,286,159
38.0%
258 / 625
86
41.3%
1st
Conservative minority
1924
7,418,983
46.8%
412 / 615
124
67.0%
1st
Conservative
1929
8,252,527
38.1%
260 / 615
152
42.3%
2nd
Labour minority
1931
11,377,022
55.0%
470 / 615
210
76.4%
1st
Conservative–Liberal–National Labour
1935
10,025,083
47.8%
386 / 615
83
62.8%
1st
Conservative–Liberal National–National Labour
1945
Winston Churchill
8,716,211
36.2%
197 / 640
189
30.8%
2nd
Labour
1950
11,507,061
40.0%
282 / 625
85
45.1%
2nd
Labour
1951
13,724,418
48.0%
302 / 625
20
48.3%
1st
Conservative–National Liberal
1955
Anthony Eden
13,310,891
49.7%
324 / 630
22
51.4%
1st
Conservative–National Liberal
1959
Harold Macmillan
13,750,875
49.4%
345 / 630
21
54.8%
1st
Conservative–National Liberal
1964
Alec Douglas-Home
12,002,642
43.4%
298 / 630
47
47.3%
2nd
Labour
1966
Edward Heath
11,418,455
41.9%
250 / 630
48
39.7%
2nd
Labour
1970
13,145,123
46.4%
330 / 630
80
52.4%
1st
Conservative
February 1974
11,872,180
37.9%
297 / 635
33
46.8%
2nd
Labour minority
October 1974
10,462,565
35.8%
277 / 635
20
43.6%
2nd
Labour
1979
Margaret Thatcher
13,697,923
43.9%
339 / 635
62
53.4%
1st
Conservative
1983
13,012,316
42.4%
397 / 650
58
61.1%
1st
Conservative
1987
13,760,935
42.2%
376 / 650
21
57.8%
1st
Conservative
1992
John Major
14,093,007
41.9%
336 / 651
40
51.6%
1st
Conservative
1997
9,600,943
30.7%
165 / 659
171
25.0%
2nd
Labour
2001
William Hague
8,357,615
31.7%
166 / 659
1
25.2%
2nd
Labour
2005
Michael Howard
8,785,941
32.4%
198 / 646
32
30.7%
2nd
Labour
2010
David Cameron
10,704,647
36.1%
306 / 650
108
47.1%
1st
Conservative–Liberal Democrats
2015
11,334,920
36.9%
330 / 650
24
50.8%
1st
Conservative
2017
Theresa May
13,636,684
42.3%
317 / 650
13
48.8%
1st
Conservative minority with DUP confidence and supply
2019
Boris Johnson
13,966,451
43.6%
365 / 650
48
56.2%
1st
Conservative

References

  1. Majority government (1841–1846); Opposition (1846–1847).
  2. Includes Peelites
  3. Opposition (1847–1852); Minority government (1852).
  4. Minority government (1852); Opposition (1852–1857).
  5. Opposition (1857–1858); Minority government (1858–1859).
  6. Minority government (1859); Opposition (1859–1865).
  7. Opposition (1865–1866); Minority government (1866–1868).
  8. Opposition (1880–1885); Minority government (1885).
  9. Minority government (1885–1886); Opposition (1886).
  10. Minority government (1892); Opposition (1892–1895).
  11. Majority government (1900–1905); Opposition (1905–1906).
  12. Opposition (1910–1915); Coalition government (1915–1916).
  13. Minority government (1923); Opposition (1923–1924).
  14. The first election held under the Reform Act 1867.
  15. The first election held under the Representation of the People Act 1884 and the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.
  16. The first election held under the Representation of the People Act 1918 in which all men over 21, and most women over th
  17. The first election held under the Representation of the People Act 1928 which gave all women aged over 21 the vote.
  18. Franchise extended to all 18- to 20-year-olds under the Representation of the People Act 1969.
  19. PoliticsHome.com
    https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/conservative-party/news/93688/conservatives-re-launch-youth-wing-bid-take
  20. The Daily Telegraph
    https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2025/07/23/tory-membership-falls-under-badenoch/
  21. "Capping welfare and working to control immigration"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160609044424/https://www.conservatives.com/Plan/WelfareImmigration
  23. David Dutton, "Unionist Politics and the aftermath of the General Election of 1906: A Reassessment". Historical Journal
  24. BBC History
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/home_rule_movement_01.shtml
  26. Bale, Tim (2011). The Conservative Party: From Thatcher to Cameron. p. 145.
  28. "Tory party conference is a peculiar affair"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20241002193750/https://reaction.life/tory-party-conference-is-a-peculiar-affair/
  29. Manchester Evening News
    https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/i-thought-id-see-lots-30055636
  30. UK Parliament
    https://members.parliament.uk/parties/commons
  31. Scottish Parliament
    https://www.parliament.scot/msps/current-party-balance
  32. opencouncildata.co.uk
    http://opencouncildata.co.uk/councillors.php?p=74&y=0
  33. opencouncildata.co.uk
    https://opencouncildata.co.uk/councillors2.php?y=0
  34. opencouncildata.co.uk
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