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Conscription in the United States

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Conscription in the United States

In the United States, military conscription, commonly known as "the draft", has been employed by the U.S. federal government in six conflicts: the American Revolutionary War, the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The fourth incarnation of the draft came into being in 1940, through the Selective Training and Service Act; this was the country's first peacetime draft. From 1940 until 1973, during both peacetime and periods of conflict, men were drafted to fill vacancies in the U.S. Armed Forces that could not be filled through voluntary means. Active conscription in the United States ended in January 1973, and the U.S. Armed Forces moved to an all-volunteer military except for draftees called up through the end of 1972. Conscription remains in place on a contingency basis, however, in that all male U.S. citizens, even those residing abroad, and all male immigrants, whether documented or undocumented but residing within the United States, are required to register with the Selective Service System (SSS) between the ages of 18 and 25. Failure to register for the SSS, when otherwise required, can mean denial of many federal services, such as federal health care programs and eligibility for student loans. Although it has not been applied in recent American history, U.S. federal law continues to allow for compulsory conscription for militia service under emergency or extraordinary security conditions. The law is described in Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution and 10 U.S. Code § 246. Such conscription would apply to able-bodied men between the ages of 17 and 45 who are, or who have made a declaration of intention to become, U.S. citizens, as well as women in certain health care occupations. Conscription has faced strong opposition throughout American history from prominent figures like Daniel Webster, who stated, "A free government with an uncontrolled power of military conscription is the most ridiculous and abominable contradiction and nonsense that ever entered into the heads of men."

Tables

· Statistics › Selective Service System
World War I
World War I
Conflict
World War I
Dates active
September 1917 – November 1918
Number ofwartime draftees
2,810,296
World War II
World War II
Conflict
World War II
Dates active
November 1940 – October 1946
Number ofwartime draftees
10,110,104
Korean War
Korean War
Conflict
Korean War
Dates active
June 1950 – June 1953
Number ofwartime draftees
1,529,539
Vietnam War
Vietnam War
Conflict
Vietnam War
Dates active
August 1964 – February 1973
Number ofwartime draftees
1,857,304
Conflict
Dates active
Number ofwartime draftees
World War I
September 1917 – November 1918
2,810,296
World War II
November 1940 – October 1946
10,110,104
Korean War
June 1950 – June 1953
1,529,539
Vietnam War
August 1964 – February 1973
1,857,304
· Statistics › Selective Service System
1917
1917
Year
1917
Total draftees
516,212
1918
1918
Year
1918
Total draftees
2,294,084
1940
1940
Year
1940
Total draftees
18,633
1941
1941
Year
1941
Total draftees
923,842
1942
1942
Year
1942
Total draftees
3,033,361
1943
1943
Year
1943
Total draftees
3,323,970
1944
1944
Year
1944
Total draftees
1,591,942
1945
1945
Year
1945
Total draftees
945,862
1946
1946
Year
1946
Total draftees
183,383
1947
1947
Year
1947
Total draftees
0
1948
1948
Year
1948
Total draftees
20,348
1949
1949
Year
1949
Total draftees
9,781
1950
1950
Year
1950
Total draftees
219,771
1951
1951
Year
1951
Total draftees
551,806
1952
1952
Year
1952
Total draftees
438,479
1953
1953
Year
1953
Total draftees
473,806
1954
1954
Year
1954
Total draftees
253,230
1955
1955
Year
1955
Total draftees
152,777
1956
1956
Year
1956
Total draftees
137,940
1957
1957
Year
1957
Total draftees
138,504
1958
1958
Year
1958
Total draftees
142,246
1959
1959
Year
1959
Total draftees
96,143
1960
1960
Year
1960
Total draftees
86,602
1961
1961
Year
1961
Total draftees
118,586
1962
1962
Year
1962
Total draftees
82,060
1963
1963
Year
1963
Total draftees
119,265
1964
1964
Year
1964
Total draftees
112,386
1965
1965
Year
1965
Total draftees
230,991
1966
1966
Year
1966
Total draftees
382,010
1967
1967
Year
1967
Total draftees
228,263
1968
1968
Year
1968
Total draftees
296,406
1969
1969
Year
1969
Total draftees
283,586
1970
1970
Year
1970
Total draftees
162,746
1971
1971
Year
1971
Total draftees
94,092
1972
1972
Year
1972
Total draftees
49,514
1973
1973
Year
1973
Total draftees
646
Year
Total draftees
1917
516,212
1918
2,294,084
1940
18,633
1941
923,842
1942
3,033,361
1943
3,323,970
1944
1,591,942
1945
945,862
1946
183,383
1947
0
1948
20,348
1949
9,781
1950
219,771
1951
551,806
1952
438,479
1953
473,806
1954
253,230
1955
152,777
1956
137,940
1957
138,504
1958
142,246
1959
96,143
1960
86,602
1961
118,586
1962
82,060
1963
119,265
1964
112,386
1965
230,991
1966
382,010
1967
228,263
1968
296,406
1969
283,586
1970
162,746
1971
94,092
1972
49,514
1973
646

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