Comparison of file systems
Updated: 11/4/2025, 4:31:28 PM Wikipedia source
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of computer file systems.
Tables
· General information
DECtape
DECtape
File system
DECtape
Creator
DEC
Year of introduction
1964
Original operating system
PDP-6 Monitor
OS/3x0 FS
OS/3x0 FS
File system
OS/3x0 FS
Creator
IBM
Year of introduction
1964
Original operating system
OS/360
Level-D
Level-D
File system
Level-D
Creator
DEC
Year of introduction
1968
Original operating system
TOPS-10
George 3
George 3
File system
George 3
Creator
ICT (later ICL)
Year of introduction
1968
Original operating system
George 3
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
File system
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
Creator
Bell Labs
Year of introduction
1972
Original operating system
Version 6 Unix
RT-11 file system
RT-11 file system
File system
RT-11 file system
Creator
DEC
Year of introduction
1973
Original operating system
RT-11
Disk Operating System (GEC DOS)
Disk Operating System (GEC DOS)
File system
Disk Operating System (GEC DOS)
Creator
GEC
Year of introduction
1973
Original operating system
Core Operating System
CP/M file system
CP/M file system
File system
CP/M file system
Creator
Digital Research (Gary Kildall)
Year of introduction
1974
Original operating system
CP/M
Files-11 ODS-1
Files-11 ODS-1
File system
Files-11 ODS-1
Creator
DEC
Year of introduction
1975
Original operating system
RSX-11
GEC DOS filing system extended
GEC DOS filing system extended
File system
GEC DOS filing system extended
Creator
GEC
Year of introduction
1977
Original operating system
OS4000
FAT (8-bit)
FAT (8-bit)
File system
FAT (8-bit)
Creator
Microsoft (Marc McDonald) for NCR
Year of introduction
1977
Original operating system
Microsoft Standalone Disk BASIC-80 (later Microsoft Standalone Disk BASIC-86)
DOS 3.x
DOS 3.x
File system
DOS 3.x
Creator
Apple
Year of introduction
1978
Original operating system
Apple DOS
UCSD p-System
UCSD p-System
File system
UCSD p-System
Creator
UCSD
Year of introduction
1978
Original operating system
UCSD p-System
CBM DOS
CBM DOS
File system
CBM DOS
Creator
Commodore
Year of introduction
1978
Original operating system
Commodore BASIC
Atari DOS
Atari DOS
File system
Atari DOS
Creator
Atari
Year of introduction
1979
Original operating system
Atari 8-bit
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
File system
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
Creator
Bell Labs
Year of introduction
1979
Original operating system
Version 7 Unix
Files-11 ODS-2
Files-11 ODS-2
File system
Files-11 ODS-2
Creator
DEC
Year of introduction
1979
Original operating system
OpenVMS
FAT12
FAT12
File system
FAT12
Creator
Seattle Computer Products (Tim Paterson)
Year of introduction
1980
Original operating system
QDOS/86-DOS (later IBM PC DOS 1.0)
ProDOS
ProDOS
File system
ProDOS
Creator
Apple
Year of introduction
1980
Original operating system
Apple SOS (later ProDOS 8)
DFS
DFS
File system
DFS
Creator
Acorn Computers Ltd
Year of introduction
1982
Original operating system
Acorn BBC Micro MOS
ADFS
ADFS
File system
ADFS
Creator
Acorn Computers Ltd
Year of introduction
1983
Original operating system
Acorn Electron (later Arthur/RISC OS)
FFS
FFS
File system
FFS
Creator
Kirk McKusick
Year of introduction
1983
Original operating system
4.2BSD
FAT16
FAT16
File system
FAT16
Creator
IBM, Microsoft
Year of introduction
1984
Original operating system
PC DOS 3.0, MS-DOS 3.0
MFS
MFS
File system
MFS
Creator
Apple
Year of introduction
1984
Original operating system
System 1
Elektronika BK tape format
Elektronika BK tape format
File system
Elektronika BK tape format
Creator
NPO "Scientific centre" (now Sitronics)
Year of introduction
1985
Original operating system
Vilnius Basic, BK monitor program
HFS
HFS
File system
HFS
Creator
Apple
Year of introduction
1985
Original operating system
System 2.1
Amiga OFS
Amiga OFS
File system
Amiga OFS
Creator
Metacomco for Commodore
Year of introduction
1985
Original operating system
Amiga OS
GEMDOS
GEMDOS
File system
GEMDOS
Creator
Digital Research
Year of introduction
1985
Original operating system
Atari TOS
NWFS
NWFS
File system
NWFS
Creator
Novell
Year of introduction
1985
Original operating system
NetWare 286
High Sierra
High Sierra
File system
High Sierra
Creator
Ecma International
Year of introduction
1986
Original operating system
MSCDEX for MS-DOS 3.1/3.2
FAT16B
FAT16B
File system
FAT16B
Creator
Compaq
Year of introduction
1987
Original operating system
Compaq MS-DOS 3.31
Minix V1 FS
Minix V1 FS
File system
Minix V1 FS
Creator
Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Year of introduction
1987
Original operating system
MINIX 1.0
Amiga FFS
Amiga FFS
File system
Amiga FFS
Creator
Commodore
Year of introduction
1988
Original operating system
Amiga OS 1.3
ISO 9660:1988
ISO 9660:1988
File system
ISO 9660:1988
Creator
Ecma International, ISO
Year of introduction
1988
Original operating system
MS-DOS, "classic" Mac OS, and AmigaOS
HPFS
HPFS
File system
HPFS
Creator
IBM & Microsoft
Year of introduction
1989
Original operating system
OS/2 1.2
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
File system
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
Creator
IEEE
Year of introduction
1990 c. 1990
Original operating system
Unix
JFS1
JFS1
File system
JFS1
Creator
IBM
Year of introduction
1990
Original operating system
AIX
VxFS
VxFS
File system
VxFS
Creator
VERITAS
Year of introduction
1991
Original operating system
SVR4.0
ext
ext
File system
ext
Creator
Rémy Card
Year of introduction
1992
Original operating system
Linux
AdvFS
AdvFS
File system
AdvFS
Creator
DEC
Year of introduction
1993
Original operating system
Digital Unix
NTFS
NTFS
File system
NTFS
Creator
Microsoft (Gary Kimura, Tom Miller)
Year of introduction
1993
Original operating system
Windows NT 3.1
LFS
LFS
File system
LFS
Creator
Margo Seltzer
Year of introduction
1993
Original operating system
Berkeley Sprite
ext2
ext2
File system
ext2
Creator
Rémy Card
Year of introduction
1993
Original operating system
Linux, Hurd
Xiafs
Xiafs
File system
Xiafs
Creator
Q. Frank Xia
Year of introduction
1993
Original operating system
Linux
UFS1
UFS1
File system
UFS1
Creator
Kirk McKusick
Year of introduction
1994
Original operating system
4.4BSD
XFS
XFS
File system
XFS
Creator
SGI
Year of introduction
1994
Original operating system
IRIX
HFS
HFS
File system
HFS
Creator
IBM
Year of introduction
1994
Original operating system
MVS/ESA (now z/OS)
FAT16X
FAT16X
File system
FAT16X
Creator
Microsoft
Year of introduction
1995
Original operating system
MS-DOS 7.0 / Windows 95
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
File system
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
Creator
Microsoft
Year of introduction
1995
Original operating system
Microsoft Windows, Linux, "classic" Mac OS, and FreeBSD
UDF
UDF
File system
UDF
Creator
ISO/ECMA/OSTA
Year of introduction
1995
Original operating system
—
FAT32, FAT32X
FAT32, FAT32X
File system
FAT32, FAT32X
Creator
Microsoft
Year of introduction
1996
Original operating system
MS-DOS 7.1 / Windows 95 OSR2
QFS
QFS
File system
QFS
Creator
Sun Microsystems
Year of introduction
1996
Original operating system
Solaris
GPFS
GPFS
File system
GPFS
Creator
IBM
Year of introduction
1996
Original operating system
AIX, Linux
Be File System
Be File System
File system
Be File System
Creator
Be Inc. (D. Giampaolo, Cyril Meurillon)
Year of introduction
1996
Original operating system
BeOS
Minix V2 FS
Minix V2 FS
File system
Minix V2 FS
Creator
Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Year of introduction
1997
Original operating system
MINIX 2.0
HFS Plus
HFS Plus
File system
HFS Plus
Creator
Apple
Year of introduction
1998
Original operating system
Mac OS 8.1
NSS
NSS
File system
NSS
Creator
Novell
Year of introduction
1998
Original operating system
NetWare 5
PolyServe File System (PSFS)
PolyServe File System (PSFS)
File system
PolyServe File System (PSFS)
Creator
PolyServe
Year of introduction
1998
Original operating system
Windows, Linux
Files-11 ODS-5
Files-11 ODS-5
File system
Files-11 ODS-5
Creator
DEC
Year of introduction
1998
Original operating system
OpenVMS V7.2
WAFL
WAFL
File system
WAFL
Creator
NetApp
Year of introduction
1998
Original operating system
Data ONTAP
ext3
ext3
File system
ext3
Creator
Stephen Tweedie
Year of introduction
1999
Original operating system
Linux
ISO 9660:1999
ISO 9660:1999
File system
ISO 9660:1999
Creator
Ecma International, ISO
Year of introduction
1999
Original operating system
Microsoft Windows, Linux, "classic" Mac OS, FreeBSD, and AmigaOS
JFS
JFS
File system
JFS
Creator
IBM
Year of introduction
1999
Original operating system
OS/2 Warp Server for e-business
GFS
GFS
File system
GFS
Creator
Sistina (Red Hat)
Year of introduction
2000
Original operating system
Linux
ReiserFS
ReiserFS
File system
ReiserFS
Creator
Namesys
Year of introduction
2001
Original operating system
Linux
zFS
zFS
File system
zFS
Creator
IBM
Year of introduction
2001
Original operating system
z/OS (backported to OS/390)
FATX
FATX
File system
FATX
Creator
Microsoft
Year of introduction
2002
Original operating system
Xbox
UFS2
UFS2
File system
UFS2
Creator
Kirk McKusick
Year of introduction
2002
Original operating system
FreeBSD 5.0
OCFS
OCFS
File system
OCFS
Creator
Oracle Corporation
Year of introduction
2002
Original operating system
Linux
SquashFS
SquashFS
File system
SquashFS
Creator
Phillip Lougher, Robert Lougher
Year of introduction
2002
Original operating system
Linux
VMFS2
VMFS2
File system
VMFS2
Creator
VMware
Year of introduction
2002
Original operating system
VMware ESX Server 2.0
Lustre
Lustre
File system
Lustre
Creator
Cluster File Systems
Year of introduction
2002
Original operating system
Linux
Fossil
Fossil
File system
Fossil
Creator
Bell Labs
Year of introduction
2003
Original operating system
Plan 9 version 4
Google File System
Google File System
File system
Google File System
Creator
Google
Year of introduction
2003
Original operating system
Linux
ZFS
ZFS
File system
ZFS
Creator
Sun Microsystems
Year of introduction
2004
Original operating system
Solaris
Reiser4
Reiser4
File system
Reiser4
Creator
Namesys
Year of introduction
2004
Original operating system
Linux
Non-Volatile File System
Non-Volatile File System
File system
Non-Volatile File System
Creator
Palm, Inc.
Year of introduction
2004
Original operating system
Palm OS Garnet
BeeGFS
BeeGFS
File system
BeeGFS
Creator
Fraunhofer/ ThinkParQ
Year of introduction
2005
Original operating system
Linux
GlusterFS
GlusterFS
File system
GlusterFS
Creator
Gluster Inc.
Year of introduction
2005
Original operating system
Linux
Minix V3 FS
Minix V3 FS
File system
Minix V3 FS
Creator
Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Year of introduction
2005
Original operating system
MINIX 3
OCFS2
OCFS2
File system
OCFS2
Creator
Oracle Corporation
Year of introduction
2005
Original operating system
Linux
NILFS
NILFS
File system
NILFS
Creator
NTT
Year of introduction
2005
Original operating system
Linux
VMFS3
VMFS3
File system
VMFS3
Creator
VMware
Year of introduction
2005
Original operating system
VMware ESX Server 3.0
GFS2
GFS2
File system
GFS2
Creator
Red Hat
Year of introduction
2006
Original operating system
Linux
ext4
ext4
File system
ext4
Creator
various
Year of introduction
2006
Original operating system
Linux
exFAT
exFAT
File system
exFAT
Creator
Microsoft
Year of introduction
2006
Original operating system
Windows CE 6.0
Btrfs
Btrfs
File system
Btrfs
Creator
Chris Mason
Year of introduction
2007
Original operating system
Linux
JXFS
JXFS
File system
JXFS
Creator
Hyperion Entertainment
Year of introduction
2008
Original operating system
AmigaOS 4.1
HAMMER
HAMMER
File system
HAMMER
Creator
Matthew Dillon
Year of introduction
2008
Original operating system
DragonFly BSD 2.0
LSFS
LSFS
File system
LSFS
Creator
StarWind Software
Year of introduction
2009
Original operating system
Linux, FreeBSD, Windows
UniFS
UniFS
File system
UniFS
Creator
Nasuni
Year of introduction
2009
Original operating system
Cloud
CASL
CASL
File system
CASL
Creator
Nimble Storage
Year of introduction
2010
Original operating system
Linux
OrangeFS
OrangeFS
File system
OrangeFS
Creator
Omnibond and others
Year of introduction
2011
Original operating system
Linux
VMFS5
VMFS5
File system
VMFS5
Creator
VMware
Year of introduction
2011
Original operating system
vSphere 5.0+
CHFS
CHFS
File system
CHFS
Creator
University of Szeged
Year of introduction
2011
Original operating system
NetBSD 6.0+
ReFS
ReFS
File system
ReFS
Creator
Microsoft
Year of introduction
2012
Original operating system
Windows Server 2012
F2FS
F2FS
File system
F2FS
Creator
Samsung Electronics
Year of introduction
2012
Original operating system
Linux
bcachefs
bcachefs
File system
bcachefs
Creator
Kent Overstreet
Year of introduction
2015
Original operating system
Linux
APFS
APFS
File system
APFS
Creator
Apple
Year of introduction
2016
Original operating system
macOS High Sierra, iOS 10.3
NOVA
NOVA
File system
NOVA
Creator
UC, San Diego
Year of introduction
2017
Original operating system
Linux
BlueStore/CephFS
BlueStore/CephFS
File system
BlueStore/CephFS
Creator
Red Hat, University of California, Santa Cruz
Year of introduction
2017
Original operating system
Linux
HAMMER2
HAMMER2
File system
HAMMER2
Creator
Matthew Dillon
Year of introduction
2017
Original operating system
DragonFly BSD 5.0
EROFS
EROFS
File system
EROFS
Creator
Huawei
Year of introduction
2018
Original operating system
Linux, Android
VaultFS
VaultFS
File system
VaultFS
Creator
Swiss Vault
Year of introduction
2022
Original operating system
Linux / Unix
| File system | Creator | Year of introduction | Original operating system |
| DECtape | DEC | 1964 | PDP-6 Monitor |
| OS/3x0 FS | IBM | 1964 | OS/360 |
| Level-D | DEC | 1968 | TOPS-10 |
| George 3 | ICT (later ICL) | 1968 | George 3 |
| Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) | Bell Labs | 1972 | Version 6 Unix |
| RT-11 file system | DEC | 1973 | RT-11 |
| Disk Operating System (GEC DOS) | GEC | 1973 | Core Operating System |
| CP/M file system | Digital Research (Gary Kildall) | 1974 | CP/M |
| Files-11 ODS-1 | DEC | 1975 | RSX-11 |
| GEC DOS filing system extended | GEC | 1977 | OS4000 |
| FAT (8-bit) | Microsoft (Marc McDonald) for NCR | 1977 | Microsoft Standalone Disk BASIC-80 (later Microsoft Standalone Disk BASIC-86) |
| DOS 3.x | Apple | 1978 | Apple DOS |
| UCSD p-System | UCSD | 1978 | UCSD p-System |
| CBM DOS | Commodore | 1978 | Commodore BASIC |
| Atari DOS | Atari | 1979 | Atari 8-bit |
| Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS) | Bell Labs | 1979 | Version 7 Unix |
| Files-11 ODS-2 | DEC | 1979 | OpenVMS |
| FAT12 | Seattle Computer Products (Tim Paterson) | 1980 | QDOS/86-DOS (later IBM PC DOS 1.0) |
| ProDOS | Apple | 1980 | Apple SOS (later ProDOS 8) |
| DFS | Acorn Computers Ltd | 1982 | Acorn BBC Micro MOS |
| ADFS | Acorn Computers Ltd | 1983 | Acorn Electron (later Arthur/RISC OS) |
| FFS | Kirk McKusick | 1983 | BSD |
| FAT16 | IBM, Microsoft | 1984 | PC DOS 3.0, MS-DOS 3.0 |
| MFS | Apple | 1984 | System 1 |
| Elektronika BK tape format | NPO "Scientific centre" (now Sitronics) | 1985 | Vilnius Basic, BK monitor program |
| HFS | Apple | 1985 | System 2.1 |
| Amiga OFS | Metacomco for Commodore | 1985 | Amiga OS |
| GEMDOS | Digital Research | 1985 | Atari TOS |
| NWFS | Novell | 1985 | NetWare 286 |
| High Sierra | Ecma International | 1986 | MSCDEX for MS-DOS 3.1/3.2 |
| FAT16B | Compaq | 1987 | Compaq MS-DOS 3.31 |
| Minix V1 FS | Andrew S. Tanenbaum | 1987 | MINIX 1.0 |
| Amiga FFS | Commodore | 1988 | Amiga OS 1.3 |
| ISO 9660:1988 | Ecma International, ISO | 1988 | MS-DOS, "classic" Mac OS, and AmigaOS |
| HPFS | IBM & Microsoft | 1989 | OS/2 1.2 |
| ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension | IEEE | 1990 c. 1990 | Unix |
| JFS1 | IBM | 1990 | AIX |
| VxFS | VERITAS | 1991 | SVR4.0 |
| ext | Rémy Card | 1992 | Linux |
| AdvFS | DEC | 1993 | Digital Unix |
| NTFS | Microsoft (Gary Kimura, Tom Miller) | 1993 | Windows NT 3.1 |
| LFS | Margo Seltzer | 1993 | Berkeley Sprite |
| ext2 | Rémy Card | 1993 | Linux, Hurd |
| Xiafs | Q. Frank Xia | 1993 | Linux |
| UFS1 | Kirk McKusick | 1994 | BSD |
| XFS | SGI | 1994 | IRIX |
| HFS | IBM | 1994 | MVS/ESA (now z/OS) |
| FAT16X | Microsoft | 1995 | MS-DOS 7.0 / Windows 95 |
| ISO 9660: Joliet extension | Microsoft | 1995 | Microsoft Windows, Linux, "classic" Mac OS, and FreeBSD |
· Metadata
bcachefs
bcachefs
File system
bcachefs
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
BeeGFS
BeeGFS
File system
BeeGFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
?
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
CP/M file system
CP/M file system
File system
CP/M file system
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
DECtape
DECtape
File system
DECtape
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
Elektronika BK tape format
Elektronika BK tape format
File system
Elektronika BK tape format
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
Level-D
Level-D
File system
Level-D
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes (date only)
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
Yes (FILDAE)
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
RT-11
RT-11
File system
RT-11
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
Yes (date only)
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
File system
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
File system
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
exFAT
exFAT
File system
exFAT
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
FAT12/FAT16/FAT32
FAT12/FAT16/FAT32
File system
FAT12/FAT16/FAT32
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
HPFS
HPFS
File system
HPFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
?
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
NTFS
NTFS
File system
NTFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
ReFS
ReFS
File system
ReFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
?
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
HFS
HFS
File system
HFS
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
HFS Plus
HFS Plus
File system
HFS Plus
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
?
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
FFS
FFS
File system
FFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
UFS1
UFS1
File system
UFS1
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
UFS2
UFS2
File system
UFS2
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Partial
HAMMER
HAMMER
File system
HAMMER
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
?
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
HAMMER2
HAMMER2
File system
HAMMER2
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
?
Last access/read timestamps
?
Last metadata changetimestamps
?
Last archivetimestamps
?
Access control lists
?
Security/MAC labels
?
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
?
Metadata checksum/ECC
?
LFS
LFS
File system
LFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
EROFS
EROFS
File system
EROFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
ext
ext
File system
ext
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
Xiafs
Xiafs
File system
Xiafs
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
ext2
ext2
File system
ext2
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
ext3
ext3
File system
ext3
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
ext4
ext4
File system
ext4
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Partial
NOVA
NOVA
File system
NOVA
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
Lustre
Lustre
File system
Lustre
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
F2FS
F2FS
File system
F2FS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
GPFS
GPFS
File system
GPFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
GFS
GFS
File system
GFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
NILFS
NILFS
File system
NILFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
ReiserFS
ReiserFS
File system
ReiserFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
Reiser4
Reiser4
File system
Reiser4
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
OCFS
OCFS
File system
OCFS
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
OCFS2
OCFS2
File system
OCFS2
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
XFS
XFS
File system
XFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
JFS
JFS
File system
JFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
QFS
QFS
File system
QFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
BFS
BFS
File system
BFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
AdvFS
AdvFS
File system
AdvFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
NSS
NSS
File system
NSS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
?
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
NWFS
NWFS
File system
NWFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
?
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
?
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
Files-11 ODS-1
Files-11 ODS-1
File system
Files-11 ODS-1
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
Files-11 ODS-2
Files-11 ODS-2
File system
Files-11 ODS-2
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
?
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
Files-11 ODS-5
Files-11 ODS-5
File system
Files-11 ODS-5
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
?
Last metadata changetimestamps
?
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
?
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
APFS
APFS
File system
APFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
VxFS
VxFS
File system
VxFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
?
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
UDF
UDF
File system
UDF
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
Fossil
Fossil
File system
Fossil
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
ZFS
ZFS
File system
ZFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
Yes
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
Btrfs
Btrfs
File system
Btrfs
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
Minix V1
Minix V1
File system
Minix V1
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
Minix V2
Minix V2
File system
Minix V2
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
Minix V3
Minix V3
File system
Minix V3
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
VMFS2
VMFS2
File system
VMFS2
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
VMFS3
VMFS3
File system
VMFS3
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
ISO 9660:1988
ISO 9660:1988
File system
ISO 9660:1988
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
File system
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
File system
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
ISO 9660:1999
ISO 9660:1999
File system
ISO 9660:1999
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
High Sierra
High Sierra
File system
High Sierra
Stores file owner
No
POSIXfile permissions
No
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
No
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
No
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
No
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
SquashFS
SquashFS
File system
SquashFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
No
Last access/read timestamps
No
Last metadata changetimestamps
Yes
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
No
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
No
BlueStore/CephFS
BlueStore/CephFS
File system
BlueStore/CephFS
Stores file owner
Yes
POSIXfile permissions
Yes
Creation timestamps
Yes
Last access/read timestamps
Yes
Last metadata changetimestamps
?
Last archivetimestamps
No
Access control lists
Yes
Security/MAC labels
Yes
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Yes
Metadata checksum/ECC
Yes
File system
File system
File system
File system
Stores file owner
Stores file owner
POSIXfile permissions
POSIXfile permissions
Creation timestamps
Creation timestamps
Last access/read timestamps
Last access/read timestamps
Last metadata changetimestamps
Last metadata changetimestamps
Last archivetimestamps
Last archivetimestamps
Access control lists
Access control lists
Security/MAC labels
Security/MAC labels
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks
Metadata checksum/ECC
Metadata checksum/ECC
| File system | Stores file owner | POSIXfile permissions | Creation timestamps | Last access/read timestamps | Last metadata changetimestamps | Last archivetimestamps | Access control lists | Security/MAC labels | Extended attributes/Alternate data streams/forks | checksum/ECC |
| bcachefs | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| BeeGFS | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes |
| CP/M file system | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| DECtape | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Elektronika BK tape format | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
| Level-D | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (date only) | Yes | Yes | Yes (FILDAE) | No | No | No |
| RT-11 | No | No | Yes (date only) | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
| Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| exFAT | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| FAT12/FAT16/FAT32 | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| HPFS | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | ? | Yes | No |
| NTFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| ReFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes |
| HFS | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| HFS Plus | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | No |
| FFS | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| UFS1 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| UFS2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial |
| HAMMER | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| HAMMER2 | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| LFS | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| EROFS | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| ext | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Xiafs | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| ext2 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| ext3 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| ext4 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial |
| NOVA | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes |
| Lustre | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| F2FS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| GPFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| GFS | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| NILFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes |
| ReiserFS | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Reiser4 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| OCFS | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| OCFS2 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| XFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| JFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| QFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| BFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| AdvFS | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| NSS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | No |
| NWFS | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | No |
| Files-11 ODS-1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Files-11 ODS-2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | No |
| Files-11 ODS-5 | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | No |
| APFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
DECtape
DECtape
File system
DECtape
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
No
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
BeeGFS
BeeGFS
File system
BeeGFS
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
Level-D
Level-D
File system
Level-D
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
No
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
RT-11
RT-11
File system
RT-11
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
No
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
APFS
APFS
File system
APFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
?
Metadata-only journaling
?
Case-sensitive
Optional
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
?
XIP
?
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
File system
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
File system
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
exFAT
exFAT
File system
exFAT
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Partial (with TexFAT only)
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
FAT12
FAT12
File system
FAT12
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Partial (with TFAT12 only)
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
Partial (with VFAT LFNs only)
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
File system
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Partial (with TFAT16 only)
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
Partial (with VFAT LFNs only)
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
FAT32 / FAT32X
FAT32 / FAT32X
File system
FAT32 / FAT32X
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No?
Metadata-only journaling
Partial (with TFAT32 only)
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
Partial (with VFAT LFNs only)
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
GFS
GFS
File system
GFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
HPFS
HPFS
File system
HPFS
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
NTFS
NTFS
File system
NTFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Yes (2000)
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
Yes
XIP
?
HFS Plus
HFS Plus
File system
HFS Plus
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Optional
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
Yes
XIP
No
FFS
FFS
File system
FFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
UFS1
UFS1
File system
UFS1
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
UFS2
UFS2
File system
UFS2
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
?
HAMMER
HAMMER
File system
HAMMER
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
?
XIP
No
HAMMER2
HAMMER2
File system
HAMMER2
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
?
Metadata-only journaling
?
Case-sensitive
?
Case-preserving
?
File Change Log
?
XIP
?
LFS
LFS
File system
LFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
EROFS
EROFS
File system
EROFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
ext
ext
File system
ext
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
Xiafs
Xiafs
File system
Xiafs
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
ext2
ext2
File system
ext2
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
Yes
ext3
ext3
File system
ext3
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes (2001)
Metadata-only journaling
Yes (2001)
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
Yes
ext4
ext4
File system
ext4
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes, optional
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
Yes
NOVA
NOVA
File system
NOVA
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
Yes
F2FS
F2FS
File system
F2FS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
Lustre
Lustre
File system
Lustre
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
Yes
XIP
No
NILFS
NILFS
File system
NILFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
ReiserFS
ReiserFS
File system
ReiserFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
?
Reiser4
Reiser4
File system
Reiser4
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
?
OCFS
OCFS
File system
OCFS
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
OCFS2
OCFS2
File system
OCFS2
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
XFS
XFS
File system
XFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
Yes
XIP
?
JFS
JFS
File system
JFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
Yes (1990)
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
?
QFS
QFS
File system
QFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
BFS
BFS
File system
BFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
?
XIP
No
NSS
NSS
File system
NSS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
?
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
Yes
XIP
No
NWFS
NWFS
File system
NWFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
Yes
XIP
No
Files-11 ODS-1
Files-11 ODS-1
File system
Files-11 ODS-1
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
No
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
Files-11 ODS-2
Files-11 ODS-2
File system
Files-11 ODS-2
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
No
File Change Log
Yes
XIP
No
Files-11 ODS-5
Files-11 ODS-5
File system
Files-11 ODS-5
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
Yes
XIP
?
UDF
UDF
File system
UDF
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
Yes
VxFS
VxFS
File system
VxFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
Yes
XIP
?
Fossil
Fossil
File system
Fossil
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
Yes
XIP
No
ZFS
ZFS
File system
ZFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
Btrfs
Btrfs
File system
Btrfs
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
?
XIP
?
bcachefs
bcachefs
File system
bcachefs
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
?
XIP
?
Minix V1
Minix V1
File system
Minix V1
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
Minix V2
Minix V2
File system
Minix V2
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
Minix V3
Minix V3
File system
Minix V3
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
VMFS2
VMFS2
File system
VMFS2
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
VMFS3
VMFS3
File system
VMFS3
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
ReFS
ReFS
File system
ReFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
?
Metadata-only journaling
?
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
?
XIP
?
ISO 9660
ISO 9660
File system
ISO 9660
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
No
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
File system
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
File system
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
Hard links
No
Symbolic links
No
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
No
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
SquashFS
SquashFS
File system
SquashFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
No
Metadata-only journaling
No
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
BlueStore/CephFS
BlueStore/CephFS
File system
BlueStore/CephFS
Hard links
Yes
Symbolic links
Yes
Block journaling
Yes
Metadata-only journaling
Yes
Case-sensitive
Yes
Case-preserving
Yes
File Change Log
No
XIP
No
File system
File system
File system
File system
Hard links
Hard links
Symbolic links
Symbolic links
Block journaling
Block journaling
Metadata-only journaling
Metadata-only journaling
Case-sensitive
Case-sensitive
Case-preserving
Case-preserving
File Change Log
File Change Log
XIP
XIP
| File system | Hard links | Symbolic links | Block journaling | -only journaling | Case-sensitive | Case-preserving | File Change Log | XIP |
| DECtape | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| BeeGFS | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Level-D | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| RT-11 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| APFS | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Optional | Yes | ? | ? |
| Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS) | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| exFAT | No | No | No | Partial (with TexFAT only) | No | Yes | No | No |
| FAT12 | No | No | No | Partial (with TFAT12 only) | No | Partial (with VFAT LFNs only) | No | No |
| FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X | No | No | No | Partial (with TFAT16 only) | No | Partial (with VFAT LFNs only) | No | No |
| FAT32 / FAT32X | No | No | No? | Partial (with TFAT32 only) | No | Partial (with VFAT LFNs only) | No | No |
| GFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| HPFS | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| NTFS | Yes | Yes | No | Yes (2000) | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
| HFS Plus | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Optional | Yes | Yes | No |
| FFS | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| UFS1 | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| UFS2 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? |
| HAMMER | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No |
| HAMMER2 | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| LFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| EROFS | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| ext | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Xiafs | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| ext2 | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| ext3 | Yes | Yes | Yes (2001) | Yes (2001) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| ext4 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes, optional | Yes | No | Yes |
| NOVA | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| F2FS | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Lustre | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| NILFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| ReiserFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? |
| Reiser4 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | ? |
| OCFS | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| OCFS2 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| XFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
| JFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (1990) | Yes | Yes | No | ? |
| QFS | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| BFS | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No |
| NSS | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| NWFS | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Files-11 ODS-1 | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Files-11 ODS-2 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Files-11 ODS-5 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? |
| UDF | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| VxFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
| Fossil | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| ZFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Btrfs | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? |
DECtape
DECtape
File system
DECtape
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
BeeGFS
BeeGFS
File system
BeeGFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
No
Level-D
Level-D
File system
Level-D
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
RT-11
RT-11
File system
RT-11
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
APFS
APFS
File system
APFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
Yes
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
No
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
File system
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
File system
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
exFAT
exFAT
File system
exFAT
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
FAT12
FAT12
File system
FAT12
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
Partial
Self-healing
No
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
File system
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
Partial
Self-healing
No
FAT32 / FAT32X
FAT32 / FAT32X
File system
FAT32 / FAT32X
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
GFS
GFS
File system
GFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
?
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
HPFS
HPFS
File system
HPFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
?
Encryption
No
Deduplication
?
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
NTFS
NTFS
File system
NTFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
Yes
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
No
HFS Plus
HFS Plus
File system
HFS Plus
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
FFS
FFS
File system
FFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
UFS1
UFS1
File system
UFS1
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
UFS2
UFS2
File system
UFS2
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
HAMMER
HAMMER
File system
HAMMER
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
No
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
Yes
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
HAMMER2
HAMMER2
File system
HAMMER2
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
?
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
Yes
Persistent Cache
?
Multiple Devices
?
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
Pending
LFS
LFS
File system
LFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
EROFS
EROFS
File system
EROFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
Yes
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
No
ext
ext
File system
ext
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
Xiafs
Xiafs
File system
Xiafs
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
ext2
ext2
File system
ext2
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
ext3
ext3
File system
ext3
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
ext4
ext4
File system
ext4
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
Yes, experimental
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
NOVA
NOVA
File system
NOVA
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
Yes
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
?
F2FS
F2FS
File system
F2FS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
Yes, experimental
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
No
Lustre
Lustre
File system
Lustre
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
Yes
Multiple Devices
Yes
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
NILFS
NILFS
File system
NILFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes, continuous
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
Yes
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
ReiserFS
ReiserFS
File system
ReiserFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
Reiser4
Reiser4
File system
Reiser4
Internal snapshotting / branching
?
Encryption
Yes
Deduplication
?
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
No
OCFS
OCFS
File system
OCFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
OCFS2
OCFS2
File system
OCFS2
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
XFS
XFS
File system
XFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
JFS
JFS
File system
JFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
?
Encryption
No
Deduplication
?
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
only in JFS1 on AIX
Self-healing
No
QFS
QFS
File system
QFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
BFS
BFS
File system
BFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
NSS
NSS
File system
NSS
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
Yes
Deduplication
?
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
No
NWFS
NWFS
File system
NWFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
?
Encryption
No
Deduplication
?
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
No
Files-11 ODS-2
Files-11 ODS-2
File system
Files-11 ODS-2
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
Files-11 ODS-5
Files-11 ODS-5
File system
Files-11 ODS-5
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
UDF
UDF
File system
UDF
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
VxFS
VxFS
File system
VxFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
No
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
Fossil
Fossil
File system
Fossil
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
No
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
No
ZFS
ZFS
File system
ZFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
Yes
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
Yes
Persistent Cache
Yes
Multiple Devices
Yes
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
Yes
Btrfs
Btrfs
File system
Btrfs
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
No
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
Yes
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
Yes
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
Yes
bcachefs
bcachefs
File system
bcachefs
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
Yes
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
Yes
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
Yes
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
No
Minix V1
Minix V1
File system
Minix V1
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
Minix V2
Minix V2
File system
Minix V2
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
Minix V3
Minix V3
File system
Minix V3
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
VMFS2
VMFS2
File system
VMFS2
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
VMFS3
VMFS3
File system
VMFS3
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
ReFS
ReFS
File system
ReFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
ISO 9660
ISO 9660
File system
ISO 9660
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
File system
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
File system
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
No
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
No
Self-healing
No
SquashFS
SquashFS
File system
SquashFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
No
Encryption
No
Deduplication
Yes
Data checksum/ ECC
Yes
Persistent Cache
No
Multiple Devices
No
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
No
BlueStore/CephFS
BlueStore/CephFS
File system
BlueStore/CephFS
Internal snapshotting / branching
Yes
Encryption
No
Deduplication
No
Data checksum/ ECC
Yes
Persistent Cache
Yes
Multiple Devices
Yes
Compression
Yes
Self-healing
Yes
File system
File system
File system
File system
Internal snapshotting / branching
Internal snapshotting / branching
Encryption
Encryption
Deduplication
Deduplication
Data checksum/ ECC
Data checksum/ ECC
Persistent Cache
Persistent Cache
Multiple Devices
Multiple Devices
Compression
Compression
Self-healing
Self-healing
| File system | Internal snapshotting / branching | Encryption | Deduplication | Data checksum/ ECC | Persistent Cache | Multiple Devices | Compression | Self-healing |
| DECtape | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| BeeGFS | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Level-D | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| RT-11 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| APFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| exFAT | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| FAT12 | No | No | No | No | No | No | Partial | No |
| FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X | No | No | No | No | No | No | Partial | No |
| FAT32 / FAT32X | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| GFS | No | No | ? | No | No | No | No | No |
| HPFS | ? | No | ? | No | No | No | No | No |
| NTFS | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| HFS Plus | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| FFS | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| UFS1 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| UFS2 | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| HAMMER | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| HAMMER2 | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Pending |
| LFS | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| EROFS | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| ext | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Xiafs | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| ext2 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| ext3 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| ext4 | No | Yes, experimental | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| NOVA | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | ? |
| F2FS | No | Yes, experimental | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Lustre | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| NILFS | Yes, continuous | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| ReiserFS | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Reiser4 | ? | Yes | ? | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| OCFS | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| OCFS2 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| XFS | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| JFS | ? | No | ? | No | No | No | only in JFS1 on AIX | No |
| QFS | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| BFS | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| NSS | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| NWFS | ? | No | ? | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Files-11 ODS-2 | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Files-11 ODS-5 | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
| UDF | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| VxFS | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Fossil | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| ZFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Btrfs | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| bcachefs | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No |
· Features › Resize capabilities
exFAT
exFAT
File system
exFAT
Host OS
misc.
Offline grow
No
Online grow
No
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
File system
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
Host OS
misc.
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
No
Offline shrink
Yes
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
FAT32 / FAT32X
FAT32 / FAT32X
File system
FAT32 / FAT32X
Host OS
misc.
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
No
Offline shrink
Yes
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
NTFS
NTFS
File system
NTFS
Host OS
Windows
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
Yes
Online shrink
Yes
Add and remove physical volumes
No
ReFS
ReFS
File system
ReFS
Host OS
Windows
Offline grow
?
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
?
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
HFS
HFS
File system
HFS
Host OS
macOS
Offline grow
No
Online grow
No
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
HFS Plus
HFS Plus
File system
HFS Plus
Host OS
macOS
Offline grow
No
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
Yes
Add and remove physical volumes
No
APFS
APFS
File system
APFS
Host OS
macOS
Offline grow
?
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
?
Online shrink
Yes
Add and remove physical volumes
?
HAMMER
HAMMER
File system
HAMMER
Host OS
DragonflyBSD
Offline grow
?
Online grow
?
Offline shrink
?
Online shrink
?
Add and remove physical volumes
?
EROFS
EROFS
File system
EROFS
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
No
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
Yes
ext2
ext2
File system
ext2
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
No
Offline shrink
Yes
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
ext3
ext3
File system
ext3
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
Yes
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
ext4
ext4
File system
ext4
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
Yes
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
NOVA
NOVA
File system
NOVA
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
No
Online grow
No
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
F2FS
F2FS
File system
F2FS
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
No
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
Lustre
Lustre
File system
Lustre
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
?
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
Yes
XFS
XFS
File system
XFS
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
No
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
JFS2
JFS2
File system
JFS2
Host OS
AIX
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
Yes
Online shrink
Yes
Add and remove physical volumes
No
JFS
JFS
File system
JFS
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
No
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
NTFS
NTFS
File system
NTFS
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
No
Offline shrink
Yes
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
ReiserFS
ReiserFS
File system
ReiserFS
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
Yes
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
Reiser4
Reiser4
File system
Reiser4
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
Yes
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
Btrfs
Btrfs
File system
Btrfs
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
Yes
Online shrink
Yes
Add and remove physical volumes
Yes
bcachefs
bcachefs
File system
bcachefs
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
Yes
NILFS
NILFS
File system
NILFS
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
No
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
Yes
Add and remove physical volumes
No
ZFS
ZFS
File system
ZFS
Host OS
misc.
Offline grow
No
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
Yes
Add and remove physical volumes
Partial
UFS2
UFS2
File system
UFS2
Host OS
FreeBSD
Offline grow
Yes
Online grow
Yes (FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE or later)
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
SquashFS
SquashFS
File system
SquashFS
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
No
Online grow
No
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
No
Add and remove physical volumes
No
BlueStore/CephFS
BlueStore/CephFS
File system
BlueStore/CephFS
Host OS
Linux
Offline grow
No
Online grow
Yes
Offline shrink
No
Online shrink
Yes
Add and remove physical volumes
Yes
| File system | Host OS | Offline grow | Online grow | Offline shrink | Online shrink | Add and remove physical volumes |
| exFAT | misc. | No | No | No | No | No |
| FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X | misc. | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| FAT32 / FAT32X | misc. | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| NTFS | Windows | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| ReFS | Windows | ? | Yes | ? | No | No |
| HFS | macOS | No | No | No | No | No |
| HFS Plus | macOS | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| APFS | macOS | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
| HAMMER | DragonflyBSD | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| EROFS | Linux | Yes | No | No | No | Yes |
| ext2 | Linux | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| ext3 | Linux | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| ext4 | Linux | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| NOVA | Linux | No | No | No | No | No |
| F2FS | Linux | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Lustre | Linux | ? | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| XFS | Linux | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| JFS2 | AIX | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| JFS | Linux | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| NTFS | Linux | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| ReiserFS | Linux | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Reiser4 | Linux | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Btrfs | Linux | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| bcachefs | Linux | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| NILFS | Linux | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| ZFS | misc. | No | Yes | No | Yes | Partial |
| UFS2 | FreeBSD | Yes | Yes (FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE or later) | No | No | No |
| SquashFS | Linux | No | No | No | No | No |
| BlueStore/CephFS | Linux | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
· Features › Allocation and layout policies
No
No
File system
DECtape
Sparse files
No
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
No
No
No
File system
BeeGFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
Yes
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
Level-D
Sparse files
No
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
?
?
?
File system
APFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
?
Tail packing
?
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
?
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
Yes
No
No
File system
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
No
No
No
File system
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
No
No
No
File system
exFAT
Sparse files
No
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Partial (only if the file fits into one contiguous block range)
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
Yes (Linux)
No
No
File system
FAT12
Sparse files
Partial (only inside of compressed volumes)
Block suballocation
Partial (only inside of Stacker 3/4 and DriveSpace 3 compressed volumes)
Tail packing
No
Extents
Partial (only inside of compressed volumes)
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
Yes (Linux)
No
No
File system
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
Sparse files
Partial (only inside of compressed volumes)
Block suballocation
Partial (only inside of Stacker 3/4 and DriveSpace 3 compressed volumes)
Tail packing
No
Extents
Partial (only inside of compressed volumes)
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
Yes (Linux)
No
No
File system
FAT32 / FAT32X
Sparse files
No
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
Yes (Linux)
Partial
Partial
File system
GFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
Partial
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
Yes
No
No
File system
HPFS
Sparse files
No
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
Yes (Linux)
No
No
File system
NTFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
Partial
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
Yes (approximately 700 bytes)
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
Yes (NT 6.1+; Linux)
No
No
File system
HFS Plus
Sparse files
No
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
Yes (macOS)
No
No
File system
FFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
8:1
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
No
No
No
File system
UFS1
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
8:1
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
No
No
No
File system
UFS2
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
8:1
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
Read-only so far
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
Yes
?
?
File system
HAMMER
Sparse files
?
Block suballocation
?
Tail packing
?
Extents
?
Variable block size
?
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
?
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
?
?
?
File system
HAMMER2
Sparse files
?
Block suballocation
?
Tail packing
?
Extents
?
Variable block size
?
Inline data (resident files)
Yes
Allocate-on-flush
?
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
LFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
8:1
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
?
Yes
Yes
File system
EROFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
Yes
Tail packing
Yes
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
Yes
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
No
No
No
File system
ext
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
No
No
No
File system
Xiafs
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
ext2
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
Yes
No
No
File system
ext3
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
Yes
No
No
File system
ext4
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
Yes (inode size - 96B)
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
No
Trim support
Yes
No
No
File system
NOVA
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
F2FS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Partial
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
Yes (approximately 3.4KB)
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
Yes
No
No
File system
Lustre
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
NILFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
Yes (Linux NILFS2)
Yes
Yes
File system
ReiserFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
Yes
Tail packing
Yes
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
Yes
Yes
File system
Reiser4
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
Yes
Tail packing
Yes
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
?
Trim support
Testing
No
No
File system
OCFS
Sparse files
?
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
OCFS2
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
Yes
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
Yes (Linux)
No
No
File system
XFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No (not accepted)
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
Yes, on request
Trim support
Yes (Linux)
No
No
File system
JFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
Yes
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
Yes (256 bytes)
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
Yes (Linux)
No
No
File system
QFS
Sparse files
?
Block suballocation
Yes
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
BFS
Sparse files
?
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
Yes (Haiku)
No
No
File system
NSS
Sparse files
?
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
NWFS
Sparse files
?
Block suballocation
Yes
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
Files-11 ODS-5
Sparse files
?
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
No
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
VxFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
?
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
UDF
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
Yes
Allocate-on-flush
Depends on implementation.
Copy on write
Yes, for write once read many media
Trim support
No
No
No
File system
Fossil
Sparse files
?
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
ZFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
Yes
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
Yes
Inline data (resident files)
Yes (112 bytes)
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
Yes
No
No
File system
Btrfs
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
Yes
Tail packing
No
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
Yes
Inline data (resident files)
Yes (2 KiB)
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
Yes
?
?
File system
bcachefs
Sparse files
?
Block suballocation
?
Tail packing
?
Extents
Yes
Variable block size
?
Inline data (resident files)
Yes (half block size)
Allocate-on-flush
Yes
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
Yes
No
No
File system
VMFS2
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
Yes
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
No
No
File system
VMFS3
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
Yes
Tail packing
No
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
?
Trim support
?
?
?
File system
ReFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
?
Tail packing
?
Extents
?
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
?
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
Yes (NT 6.1+)
No
No
File system
ISO 9660
Sparse files
No
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
ISO 9660 Level 3 only
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
No
No
No
File system
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
Sparse files
No
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
extended from ISO 9660
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
No
No
No
File system
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
Sparse files
No
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
No
Extents
extended from ISO 9660
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
No
Yes
Yes
File system
SquashFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
No
Tail packing
Yes
Extents
No
Variable block size
No
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
No
Trim support
No
?
?
File system
BlueStore/CephFS
Sparse files
Yes
Block suballocation
?
Tail packing
?
Extents
?
Variable block size
?
Inline data (resident files)
?
Allocate-on-flush
No
Copy on write
Yes
Trim support
Yes
Tail packing
Tail packing
File system
File system
Sparse files
Sparse files
Block suballocation
Block suballocation
Tail packing
Tail packing
Extents
Extents
Variable block size
Variable block size
Inline data (resident files)
Inline data (resident files)
Allocate-on-flush
Allocate-on-flush
Copy on write
Copy on write
Trim support
Trim support
| File system | Sparse files | Block suballocation | Tail packing | Extents | Variable block size | Inline data (resident files) | Allocate-on-flush | Copy on write | Trim support |
| DECtape | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | No |
| BeeGFS | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? |
| Level-D | No | No | No | Yes | No | ? | No | No | ? |
| APFS | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No |
| Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS) | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No |
| exFAT | No | No | No | Partial (only if the file fits into one contiguous block range) | No | No | No | No | Yes (Linux) |
| FAT12 | Partial (only inside of compressed volumes) | Partial (only inside of Stacker 3/4 and DriveSpace 3 compressed volumes) | No | Partial (only inside of compressed volumes) | No | No | No | No | Yes (Linux) |
| FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X | Partial (only inside of compressed volumes) | Partial (only inside of Stacker 3/4 and DriveSpace 3 compressed volumes) | No | Partial (only inside of compressed volumes) | No | No | No | No | Yes (Linux) |
| FAT32 / FAT32X | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes (Linux) |
| GFS | Yes | No | Partial | No | No | ? | No | ? | Yes |
| HPFS | No | No | No | Yes | No | ? | No | ? | Yes (Linux) |
| NTFS | Yes | Partial | No | Yes | No | Yes (approximately 700 bytes) | No | ? | Yes (NT 6.1+; Linux) |
| HFS Plus | No | No | No | Yes | No | ? | No | ? | Yes (macOS) |
| FFS | Yes | 8:1 | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No |
| UFS1 | Yes | 8:1 | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No |
| UFS2 | Yes | 8:1 | No | No | Read-only so far | No | No | ? | Yes |
| HAMMER | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? |
| HAMMER2 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
| LFS | Yes | 8:1 | No | No | No | ? | No | Yes | ? |
| EROFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| ext | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | No |
| Xiafs | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | No | ? | ? |
| ext2 | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes |
| ext3 | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes |
| ext4 | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes (inode size - 96B) | Yes | No | Yes |
| NOVA | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | ? | No | Yes | ? |
| F2FS | Yes | No | No | Partial | No | Yes (approximately 3.4KB) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Lustre | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | ? | Yes | ? | ? |
| NILFS | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes (Linux NILFS2) |
| ReiserFS | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | ? |
| Reiser4 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | Testing |
| OCFS | ? | No | No | Yes | No | ? | No | ? | ? |
| OCFS2 | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | ? | Yes (Linux) |
| XFS | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No (not accepted) | Yes | Yes, on request | Yes (Linux) |
| JFS | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes (256 bytes) | No | ? | Yes (Linux) |
| QFS | ? | Yes | No | No | No | ? | No | ? | ? |
| BFS | ? | No | No | Yes | No | ? | No | ? | Yes (Haiku) |
| NSS | ? | No | No | Yes | No | ? | Yes | ? | ? |
| NWFS | ? | Yes | No | No | No | ? | No | ? | ? |
| Files-11 ODS-5 | ? | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | ? | ? |
| VxFS | Yes | ? | No | Yes | No | ? | No | ? | ? |
| UDF | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Depends on implementation. | Yes, for write once read many media | No |
| Fossil | ? | No | No | No | No | ? | No | ? | ? |
| ZFS | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes (112 bytes) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Btrfs | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes (2 KiB) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| bcachefs | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes (half block size) | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| VMFS2 | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | ? | No | ? | ? |
| VMFS3 | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | ? | No | ? | ? |
· OS support
DECtape
DECtape
File system
DECtape
DOS
No
Linux
No
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
No
BeeGFS
BeeGFS
File system
BeeGFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
No
Android
No
Level-D
Level-D
File system
Level-D
DOS
No
Linux
?
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
RT-11
RT-11
File system
RT-11
DOS
No
Linux
No
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
No
APFS
APFS
File system
APFS
DOS
No
Linux
Partial (read-only with apfs-fuse or linux-apfs)
macOS
Yes (Since macOS Sierra)
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
No
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
File system
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
DOS
No
Linux
?
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
No
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
File system
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
No
Android
No
exFAT
exFAT
File system
exFAT
DOS
No
Linux
Yes (since 5.4, available as a kernel module or FUSE driver for earlier versions)
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
Yes
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
Yes (available as a FUSE driver)
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
Yes (available as a FUSE driver)
z/OS
No
Android
With kernel 5.10
FAT12
FAT12
File system
FAT12
DOS
Yes
Linux
Yes
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
Yes
Windows (current)
Yes
ClassicMac OS
Yes
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
Yes
BeOS
Yes
Minix
Partial (via dosdir, dosread, doswrite)
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
Yes
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
File system
FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X
DOS
Yes (FAT16 from DOS 3.0, FAT16B from DOS 3.31, FAT16X from DOS 7.0)
Linux
Yes
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
Yes
Windows (current)
Yes
ClassicMac OS
Yes
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
Yes
BeOS
Yes
Minix
Partial (via dosdir, dosread, doswrite, not FAT16X)
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
Yes
FAT32 / FAT32X
FAT32 / FAT32X
File system
FAT32 / FAT32X
DOS
Yes
Linux
Yes
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
Yes
Windows (current)
Yes
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
Yes
BeOS
Yes
Minix
No
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
Yes
GFS
GFS
File system
GFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
?
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
HPFS
HPFS
File system
HPFS
DOS
Partial (with third-party drivers)
Linux
Yes
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
Yes (from OS/2 1.2)
BeOS
?
Minix
No
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
NTFS
NTFS
File system
NTFS
DOS
Needs 3rd-party drivers
Linux
Yes Native since Linux Kernel 5.15 NTFS3. Older kernels may use backported NTFS3 driver or ntfs-3g
macOS
Read only, write support needs Paragon NTFS or ntfs-3g
Windows 9x (historic)
Needs 3rd-party drivers like Paragon NTFS for Win98, DiskInternals NTFS Reader
Windows (current)
Yes
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
Yes with ntfs-3g
OS/2
?
BeOS
Yes with ntfs-3g
Minix
No
Solaris
Yes with ntfs-3g
z/OS
?
Android
With third party tools
HFS
HFS
File system
HFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
No write support since Mac OS X 10.6 and no support at all since macOS 10.15
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
Needs Paragon HFS+
ClassicMac OS
Yes
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
?
BeOS
Yes
Minix
No
Solaris
?
z/OS
No
Android
No
HFS Plus
HFS Plus
File system
HFS Plus
DOS
No
Linux
Partial - writing support only to unjournalled FS
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
Needs Paragon HFS+
ClassicMac OS
Yes from Mac OS 8.1
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
?
BeOS
with addon
Minix
No
Solaris
?
z/OS
No
Android
No
FFS
FFS
File system
FFS
DOS
No
Linux
?
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
?
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
?
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
UFS1
UFS1
File system
UFS1
DOS
No
Linux
Partial - read only
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
Partial (with ufs2tools, read only)
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
No
UFS2
UFS2
File system
UFS2
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
Partial (with ufs2tools, read only)
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
LFS
LFS
File system
LFS
DOS
No
Linux
?
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
EROFS
EROFS
File system
EROFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
Needs - since erofs-utils 1.4
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
Yes
ext
ext
File system
ext
DOS
No
Linux
Yes - until 2.1.20
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
No
Xiafs
Xiafs
File system
Xiafs
DOS
No
Linux
Yes - until 2.1.20
Experimental port available to 2.6.32 and later
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
No
ext2
ext2
File system
ext2
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
Needs Paragon ExtFS or ext2fsx
Windows 9x (historic)
Partial (read-only, with explore2fs)
Windows (current)
Needs Paragon ExtFS or partial with Ext2 IFS or ext2fsd
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
No
BeOS
Yes
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
ext3
ext3
File system
ext3
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
Needs Paragon ExtFS or partial with ext2fsx (journal not updated on writing)
Windows 9x (historic)
Partial (read-only, with explore2fs)
Windows (current)
Needs Paragon ExtFS or partial with Ext2 IFS or ext2fsd
ClassicMac OS
Partial (read only)[citation needed]
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
No
BeOS
with addon
Minix
?
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
Yes
ext4
ext4
File system
ext4
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
Needs Paragon ExtFS
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
Yes, with the optional WSL2; physical and VHDX virtual disks.
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
Yes since FreeBSD 12.0
OS/2
No
BeOS
with addon
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
Yes
NOVA
NOVA
File system
NOVA
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
No
F2FS
F2FS
File system
F2FS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
Yes
Lustre
Lustre
File system
Lustre
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
?
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
No
NILFS
NILFS
File system
NILFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes as an external kernel module
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
?
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
?
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
ReiserFS
ReiserFS
File system
ReiserFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes - until 6.13
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
Partial - Read Only from 6.0 to 10.x and dropped in 11.0
OS/2
?
BeOS
with addon
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
Reiser4
Reiser4
File system
Reiser4
DOS
No
Linux
Yes with a kernel patch
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
?
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
SpadFS
SpadFS
File system
SpadFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
?
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
No
OCFS
OCFS
File system
OCFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
OCFS2
OCFS2
File system
OCFS2
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
XFS
XFS
File system
XFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
Partial
OS/2
?
BeOS
with addon (read only)
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
JFS
JFS
File system
JFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
Yes
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
QFS
QFS
File system
QFS
DOS
No
Linux
Client
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
No
Be File System
Be File System
File system
Be File System
DOS
No
Linux
Partial - read-only
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
Yes
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
NSS
NSS
File system
NSS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes via EVMS
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
NWFS
NWFS
File system
NWFS
DOS
Partial (with Novell drivers)
Linux
?
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
Files-11 ODS-2
Files-11 ODS-2
File system
Files-11 ODS-2
DOS
No
Linux
?
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
Files-11 ODS-5
Files-11 ODS-5
File system
Files-11 ODS-5
DOS
No
Linux
?
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
UDF
UDF
File system
UDF
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
?
Windows (current)
Yes
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
?
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
No
VxFS
VxFS
File system
VxFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
No
Fossil
Fossil
File system
Fossil
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
No
ZFS
ZFS
File system
ZFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes with FUSE or as an external kernel module
macOS
Yes with Read/Write Developer Preview
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
With third-party software (OpenZFS).
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
No
Android
No
Btrfs
Btrfs
File system
Btrfs
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
Yes with WinBtrfs
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
?
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
bcachefs
bcachefs
File system
bcachefs
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
No
VMFS2
VMFS2
File system
VMFS2
DOS
No
Linux
?
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
VMFS3
VMFS3
File system
VMFS3
DOS
No
Linux
?
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
IBM HFS
IBM HFS
File system
IBM HFS
DOS
No
Linux
No
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
Yes
Android
No
IBM zFS
IBM zFS
File system
IBM zFS
DOS
No
Linux
No
macOS
No
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
No
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
Yes
Android
No
ReFS
ReFS
File system
ReFS
DOS
No
Linux
Needs Paragon ReFS for Linux
macOS
?
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
Yes
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
?
OS/2
?
BeOS
?
Minix
?
Solaris
?
z/OS
?
Android
No
ISO 9660
ISO 9660
File system
ISO 9660
DOS
Yes
Linux
Yes
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
Yes
Windows (current)
Yes
ClassicMac OS
Yes
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
Yes
BeOS
Yes
Minix
Yes
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
Yes
Android
No
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
File system
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
No
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
Yes
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
No
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
File system
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
Yes
Windows 9x (historic)
Yes
Windows (current)
Yes
ClassicMac OS
?
FreeBSD
Yes
OS/2
Yes
BeOS
Yes
Minix
?
Solaris
Yes
z/OS
?
Android
No
SquashFS
SquashFS
File system
SquashFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
Partial (There are ports of unsquashfs and mksquashfs.)
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
Partial (There are ports of unsquashfs and mksquashfs.)
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
Partial (There are ports of unsquashfs and mksquashfs and fusefs-port.)
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
No
BlueStore/CephFS
BlueStore/CephFS
File system
BlueStore/CephFS
DOS
No
Linux
Yes
macOS
Client
Windows 9x (historic)
No
Windows (current)
Client
ClassicMac OS
No
FreeBSD
Client
OS/2
No
BeOS
No
Minix
No
Solaris
No
z/OS
No
Android
No
File system
File system
File system
File system
DOS
DOS
Linux
Linux
macOS
macOS
Windows 9x (historic)
Windows 9x (historic)
Windows (current)
Windows (current)
ClassicMac OS
ClassicMac OS
FreeBSD
FreeBSD
OS/2
OS/2
BeOS
BeOS
Minix
Minix
Solaris
Solaris
z/OS
z/OS
Android
Android
| File system | DOS | Linux | macOS | Windows 9x (historic) | Windows (current) | ClassicMac OS | FreeBSD | OS/2 | BeOS | Minix | Solaris | z/OS | Android |
| DECtape | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| BeeGFS | No | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | No | No |
| Level-D | No | ? | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | No |
| RT-11 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| APFS | No | Partial (read-only with apfs-fuse or linux-apfs) | Yes (Since macOS Sierra) | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) | No | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS) | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | No | No |
| exFAT | No | Yes (since 5.4, available as a kernel module or FUSE driver for earlier versions) | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes (available as a FUSE driver) | No | No | No | Yes (available as a FUSE driver) | No | With kernel 5.10 |
| FAT12 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial (via dosdir, dosread, doswrite) | Yes | ? | Yes |
| FAT16 / FAT16B / FAT16X | Yes (FAT16 from DOS 3.0, FAT16B from DOS 3.31, FAT16X from DOS 7.0) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial (via dosdir, dosread, doswrite, not FAT16X) | Yes | ? | Yes |
| FAT32 / FAT32X | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? | Yes |
| GFS | No | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| HPFS | Partial (with third-party drivers) | Yes | ? | No | No | ? | Yes | Yes (from OS/2 1.2) | ? | No | ? | ? | No |
| NTFS | Needs 3rd-party drivers | Yes Native since Linux Kernel 5.15 NTFS3. Older kernels may use backported NTFS3 driver or ntfs-3g | Read only, write support needs Paragon NTFS or ntfs-3g | Needs 3rd-party drivers like Paragon NTFS for Win98, DiskInternals NTFS Reader | Yes | No | Yes with ntfs-3g | ? | Yes with ntfs-3g | No | Yes with ntfs-3g | ? | With third party tools |
| HFS | No | Yes | No write support since Mac OS X 10.6 and no support at all since macOS 10.15 | No | Needs Paragon HFS+ | Yes | No | ? | Yes | No | ? | No | No |
| HFS Plus | No | Partial - writing support only to unjournalled FS | Yes | No | Needs Paragon HFS+ | Yes from Mac OS 8.1 | No | ? | with addon | No | ? | No | No |
| FFS | No | ? | Yes | No | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| UFS1 | No | Partial - read only | Yes | No | Partial (with ufs2tools, read only) | ? | Yes | No | ? | ? | Yes | ? | No |
| UFS2 | No | Yes | Yes | No | Partial (with ufs2tools, read only) | ? | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| LFS | No | ? | ? | No | No | ? | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| EROFS | No | Yes | Needs - since erofs-utils 1.4 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
| ext | No | Yes - until 2.1.20 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Xiafs | No | Yes - until 2.1.20 Experimental port available to 2.6.32 and later | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| ext2 | No | Yes | Needs Paragon ExtFS or ext2fsx | Partial (read-only, with explore2fs) | Needs Paragon ExtFS or partial with Ext2 IFS or ext2fsd | No | Yes | No | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No |
| ext3 | No | Yes | Needs Paragon ExtFS or partial with ext2fsx (journal not updated on writing) | Partial (read-only, with explore2fs) | Needs Paragon ExtFS or partial with Ext2 IFS or ext2fsd | Partial (read only)[citation needed] | Yes | No | with addon | ? | Yes | ? | Yes |
| ext4 | No | Yes | Needs Paragon ExtFS | No | Yes, with the optional WSL2; physical and VHDX virtual disks. | ? | Yes since FreeBSD 12.0 | No | with addon | ? | ? | ? | Yes |
| NOVA | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| F2FS | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
| Lustre | No | Yes | ? | No | No | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | No |
| NILFS | No | Yes as an external kernel module | ? | No | ? | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| ReiserFS | No | Yes - until 6.13 | ? | No | No | ? | Partial - Read Only from 6.0 to 10.x and dropped in 11.0 | ? | with addon | ? | ? | ? | No |
| Reiser4 | No | Yes with a kernel patch | ? | No | No | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| SpadFS | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| OCFS | No | Yes | ? | No | No | ? | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| OCFS2 | No | Yes | ? | No | No | ? | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| XFS | No | Yes | ? | No | No | ? | Partial | ? | with addon (read only) | ? | ? | ? | No |
| JFS | No | Yes | ? | No | No | ? | No | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| QFS | No | Client | ? | No | No | ? | No | No | ? | ? | Yes | ? | No |
| Be File System | No | Partial - read-only | ? | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No |
| NSS | No | Yes via EVMS | ? | No | No | ? | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| NWFS | Partial (with Novell drivers) | ? | ? | No | No | ? | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| Files-11 ODS-2 | No | ? | ? | No | No | ? | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| Files-11 ODS-5 | No | ? | ? | No | No | ? | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| UDF | No | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | No |
| VxFS | No | Yes | ? | No | No | ? | No | No | ? | ? | Yes | ? | No |
| Fossil | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | ? | No |
| ZFS | No | Yes with FUSE or as an external kernel module | Yes with Read/Write Developer Preview | No | With third-party software (OpenZFS). | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| Btrfs | No | Yes | ? | No | Yes with WinBtrfs | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| bcachefs | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
· Limits
255 characters
255 characters
File system
AdvFS
Maximum filename length
255 characters
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except .mw- / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 TiB (17.59 TB)
Maximum volume size
16 TiB (17.59 TB)
Max number of files
?
255 UTF-8 characters[citation needed]
255 UTF-8 characters[citation needed]
File system
APFS
Maximum filename length
255 UTF-8 characters[citation needed]
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any Unicode 9.0 character except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
?
Maximum file size
8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Maximum volume size
?
Max number of files
263
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
bcachefs
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Max number of files
264
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
BeeGFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
BFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
12,288 bytes to 260 GiB (279.1 GB)
Maximum volume size
256 PiB (288.2 PB) to 2 EiB (2.305 EB)
Max number of files
Unlimited
255 characters
255 characters
File system
BlueStore/CephFS
Maximum filename length
255 characters
Allowable characters in directory entries
any byte, except null, "/"
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
Max. 264 bytes, 1 TiB (1.099 TB) by default
Maximum volume size
Not limited
Max number of files
Not limited, default is 100,000 files per directory
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
Btrfs
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Max number of files
264
16 bytes
16 bytes
File system
CBM DOS
Maximum filename length
16 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No directory hierarchy (flat file system)
Maximum file size
16 MiB (16.77 MB)
Maximum volume size
16 MiB (16.77 MB)
Max number of files
?
8.3
8.3
File system
CP/M file system
Maximum filename length
8.3
Allowable characters in directory entries
ASCII except for < > . , ; : = ? * [ ]
Maximum pathname length
No directory hierarchy (but accessibility of files depends on user areas via USER command since CP/M 2.2)
Maximum file size
32 MiB (33.55 MB)
Maximum volume size
512 MiB (536.8 MB)
Max number of files
?
6.3
6.3
File system
DECtape
Maximum filename length
6.3
Allowable characters in directory entries
A–Z, 0–9
Maximum pathname length
DTxN:FILNAM.EXT = 15
Maximum file size
369,280 bytes(577 × 640)
Maximum volume size
369,920 bytes(578 × 640)
Max number of files
?
?
?
File system
Disk Operating System (GEC DOS)
Maximum filename length
?
Allowable characters in directory entries
?
Maximum pathname length
?
Maximum file size
? at least 131,072 bytes
Maximum volume size
?
Max number of files
?
16 bytes
16 bytes
File system
Elektronika BK tape format
Maximum filename length
16 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
?
Maximum pathname length
No directory hierarchy (flat file system)
Maximum file size
64 KiB (65.53 KB)
Maximum volume size
Not limited. Approx. 800 KiB (819.2 KB) (one side) for 90 min cassette
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
EROFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
1 EiB (1.152 EB)
Max number of files
264
255 UTF-16 characters
255 UTF-16 characters
File system
exFAT
Maximum filename length
255 UTF-16 characters
Allowable characters in directory entries
Unicode except for control codes 0x0000 - 0x001F or " * / : < > ? \ |
Maximum pathname length
32,760 characters with each path component no more than 255 characters
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
64 ZiB (75.55 ZB) (276 bytes)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
ext
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
2 GiB (2.147 GB)
Maximum volume size
2 GiB (2.147 GB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
ext2
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 GiB (17.17 GB) to 2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Maximum volume size
2 TiB (2.199 TB) to 32 TiB (35.18 TB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
ext3
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 GiB (17.17 GB) to 2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Maximum volume size
2 TiB (2.199 TB) to 32 TiB (35.18 TB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
ext4
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 GiB (17.17 GB) to 16 TiB (17.59 TB)
Maximum volume size
1 EiB (1.152 EB)
Max number of files
232 (static inode limit specified at creation)
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
F2FS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
4,228,213,756 KiB (4.329 TB)
Maximum volume size
16 TiB (17.59 TB)
Max number of files
?
6.3 (binary files) / 9 characters (ASCII files)
6.3 (binary files) / 9 characters (ASCII files)
File system
FAT (8-bit)
Maximum filename length
6.3 (binary files) / 9 characters (ASCII files)
Allowable characters in directory entries
ASCII (0x00 and 0xFF not allowed in first character)
Maximum pathname length
No directory hierarchy (flat file system)
Maximum file size
?
Maximum volume size
?
Max number of files
?
8.3 (255 UCS-2 characters with LFN)
8.3 (255 UCS-2 characters with LFN)
File system
FAT12/FAT16
Maximum filename length
8.3 (255 UCS-2 characters with LFN)
Allowable characters in directory entries
SFN: OEM A-Z, 0-9, ! # $ % & ' ( ) - @ ^ _ ` { } ~, 0x80-0xFF, 0x20. LFN: Unicode except NUL, " * / : < > ? \ |
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
32 MiB (33.55 MB) (4 GiB (4.294 GB))
Maximum volume size
1 MiB (1.048 MB) to 32 MiB (33.55 MB)
Max number of files
?
8.3 (255 UCS-2 characters with LFN)
8.3 (255 UCS-2 characters with LFN)
File system
FAT16B/FAT16X
Maximum filename length
8.3 (255 UCS-2 characters with LFN)
Allowable characters in directory entries
SFN: OEM A-Z, 0-9, ! # $ % & ' ( ) - @ ^ _ ` { } ~, 0x80-0xFF, 0x20. LFN: Unicode except NUL, " * / : < > ? \ |
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
2 (4) GiB (2.147 GB)
Maximum volume size
16 MiB (16.77 MB) to 2 (4) GiB (2.147 GB)
Max number of files
?
8.3 (255 UCS-2 characters with LFN)
8.3 (255 UCS-2 characters with LFN)
File system
FAT32/FAT32X
Maximum filename length
8.3 (255 UCS-2 characters with LFN)
Allowable characters in directory entries
SFN: OEM A-Z, 0-9, ! # $ % & ' ( ) - @ ^ _ ` { } ~, 0x80-0xFF, 0x20. LFN: Unicode except NUL, " * / : < > ? \ |
Maximum pathname length
32,760 characters with each path component no more than 255 characters
Maximum file size
4 GiB (4.294 GB)
Maximum volume size
512 MiB (536.8 MB) to 16 TiB (17.59 TB)
Max number of files
?
42 bytes
42 bytes
File system
FATX
Maximum filename length
42 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
ASCII.
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
2 GiB (2.147 GB)
Maximum volume size
16 MiB (16.77 MB) to 2 GiB (2.147 GB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
FFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
4 GiB (4.294 GB)
Maximum volume size
256 TiB (281.4 TB)
Max number of files
?
9.3 in RADIX-50
9.3 in RADIX-50
File system
Files-11 ODS-1
Maximum filename length
9.3 in RADIX-50
Allowable characters in directory entries
A–Z, 0–9, $
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined; only two-level paths supported by operating systems
Maximum file size
2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Maximum volume size
2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Max number of files
216-1
20 bytes
20 bytes
File system
Files-11 ODS-2
Maximum filename length
20 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
A–Z, 0–9, $, -, _
Maximum pathname length
4,096 bytes
Maximum file size
2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Maximum volume size
2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Max number of files
224-1
236 bytes
236 bytes
File system
Files-11 ODS-5
Maximum filename length
236 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
ISO 8859-1 or UCS-2
Maximum pathname length
4,096 bytes
Maximum file size
2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Maximum volume size
2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Max number of files
?
?
?
File system
Fossil
Maximum filename length
?
Allowable characters in directory entries
?
Maximum pathname length
?
Maximum file size
?
Maximum volume size
?
Max number of files
?
8 bytes
8 bytes
File system
GEC DOS filing system extended
Maximum filename length
8 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
A–Z, 0–9. Period was directory separator
Maximum pathname length
? No limit defined (workaround for OS limit)
Maximum file size
? at least 131,072 bytes
Maximum volume size
?
Max number of files
?
8.3
8.3
File system
GEMDOS
Maximum filename length
8.3
Allowable characters in directory entries
A-Z, a-z, 0-9 ! @ # $ % ^ & ( ) + - = ~ ` ; ' " , < > | [ ] ( ) _
Maximum pathname length
?
Maximum file size
?
Maximum volume size
?
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
GFS2
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
100 TiB (109.95 TB) to 8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Maximum volume size
100 TiB (109.95 TB) to 8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
GFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
2 TiB (2.199 TB) to 8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Maximum volume size
2 TiB (2.199 TB) to 8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Max number of files
?
255 UTF-8 codepoints
255 UTF-8 codepoints
File system
GPFS
Maximum filename length
255 UTF-8 codepoints
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
9 EiB (10.37 EB)
Maximum volume size
524,288 YiB (299 bytes)
Max number of files
?
1023 bytes
1023 bytes
File system
HAMMER
Maximum filename length
1023 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
?
Maximum file size
?
Maximum volume size
1 EiB (1.152 EB)
Max number of files
?
31 bytes
31 bytes
File system
HFS
Maximum filename length
31 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except :; in macOS, : in file names is converted to / in the file system, and / and NUL are disallowed
Maximum pathname length
Unlimited
Maximum file size
2 GiB (2.147 GB)
Maximum volume size
2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Max number of files
?
255 UTF-16 code units
255 UTF-16 code units
File system
HFS Plus
Maximum filename length
255 UTF-16 code units
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any valid Unicode character except :; in macOS, : in file names is converted to / in the file system, and / and NUL are disallowed
Maximum pathname length
Unlimited
Maximum file size
slightly less than 8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Maximum volume size
slightly less than 8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Max number of files
?
?
?
File system
High Sierra Format
Maximum filename length
?
Allowable characters in directory entries
?
Maximum pathname length
?
Maximum file size
?
Maximum volume size
?
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
HPFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
2 GiB (2.147 GB)
Maximum volume size
2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Max number of files
?
8.8
8.8
File system
IBM SFS
Maximum filename length
8.8
Allowable characters in directory entries
?
Maximum pathname length
Non-hierarchical
Maximum file size
?
Maximum volume size
?
Max number of files
?
Level 1: 8.3,Level 2 & 3: ~ 180
Level 1: 8.3,Level 2 & 3: ~ 180
File system
ISO 9660:1988
Maximum filename length
Level 1: 8.3,Level 2 & 3: ~ 180
Allowable characters in directory entries
Depends on Level
Maximum pathname length
~ 180 bytes?
Maximum file size
4 GiB (4.294 GB) (Level 1 & 2) to 8 TiB (8.796 TB) (Level 3)
Maximum volume size
8 TiB (8.796 TB)
Max number of files
?
?
?
File system
ISO 9660:1999
Maximum filename length
?
Allowable characters in directory entries
?
Maximum pathname length
?
Maximum file size
?
Maximum volume size
?
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
JFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any Unicode except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
4 PiB (4.503 PB)
Maximum volume size
32 PiB (36.02 PB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
JFS1
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Maximum volume size
512 TiB (562.9 TB) to 4 PiB (4.503 PB)
Max number of files
?
64 characters
64 characters
File system
ISO 9660: Joliet extension
Maximum filename length
64 characters
Allowable characters in directory entries
All UCS-2 code except *, /, \, :, ;, and ?
Maximum pathname length
?
Maximum file size
same as ISO 9660:1988
Maximum volume size
same as ISO 9660:1988
Max number of files
?
6.3
6.3
File system
Level-D
Maximum filename length
6.3
Allowable characters in directory entries
A–Z, 0–9
Maximum pathname length
DEVICE:FILNAM.EXT[PROJCT,PROGRM] = 7 + 10 + 15 = 32; + 5*7 for SFDs = 67
Maximum file size
34,359,738,368 words (235); 206,158,430,208 SIXBIT bytes
Maximum volume size
Approx 12 GiB (12.88 GB) (64 × 178 MiB (186.6 MB))
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
Lustre
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB) on ZFS
Maximum volume size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
MFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except :
Maximum pathname length
No directory hierarchy (flat file system)
Maximum file size
256 MiB (268.4 MB)
Maximum volume size
256 MiB (268.4 MB)
Max number of files
?
14 bytes
14 bytes
File system
MicroDOS file system
Maximum filename length
14 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
?
Maximum pathname length
?
Maximum file size
16 MiB (16.77 MB)
Maximum volume size
32 MiB (33.55 MB)
Max number of files
?
14 or 30 bytes, set at filesystem creation time
14 or 30 bytes, set at filesystem creation time
File system
Minix V1 FS
Maximum filename length
14 or 30 bytes, set at filesystem creation time
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
256.5 MiB (268.9 MB)
Maximum volume size
64 MiB (67.10 MB)
Max number of files
?
14 or 30 bytes, set at filesystem creation time
14 or 30 bytes, set at filesystem creation time
File system
Minix V2 FS
Maximum filename length
14 or 30 bytes, set at filesystem creation time
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
2 GiB (2.147 GB)
Maximum volume size
1 GiB (1.073 GB)
Max number of files
?
60 bytes
60 bytes
File system
Minix V3 FS
Maximum filename length
60 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
2 GiB (2.147 GB)
Maximum volume size
4 GiB (4.294 GB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
NILFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Maximum volume size
8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
NOVA
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Max number of files
?
256 characters
256 characters
File system
NSS
Maximum filename length
256 characters
Allowable characters in directory entries
Depends on namespace used
Maximum pathname length
Only limited by client
Maximum file size
8 TiB (8.796 TB)
Maximum volume size
8 TiB (8.796 TB)
Max number of files
?
255 characters
255 characters
File system
NTFS
Maximum filename length
255 characters
Allowable characters in directory entries
In Win32 namespace: any UTF-16 code unit (case-insensitive) except /\:*"?<>| as well as NUL
In POSIX namespace: any UTF-16 code unit (case-sensitive) except / as well as NUL
Maximum pathname length
32,767 characters with each path component (directory or filename) up to 255 characters long.
However, the limit is approximate due to UNC, and some limitations may be removed on demand .
Maximum file size
16 TiB (17.59 TB) to 8 PiB (9.007 PB)
Maximum volume size
16 TiB (17.59 TB) to 8 PiB (9.007 PB)
Max number of files
232
80 bytes
80 bytes
File system
NWFS
Maximum filename length
80 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Depends on namespace used
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
4 GiB (4.294 GB)
Maximum volume size
1 TiB (1.099 TB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
OCFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
8 TiB (8.796 TB)
Maximum volume size
8 TiB (8.796 TB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
OCFS2
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
4 PiB (4.503 PB)
Maximum volume size
4 PiB (4.503 PB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
QFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
4 PiB (4.503 PB)
Max number of files
?
255 UTF-16 characters
255 UTF-16 characters
File system
ReFS
Maximum filename length
255 UTF-16 characters
Allowable characters in directory entries
In Win32 namespace: any UTF-16 code unit (case-insensitive) except /\:*"?<>| as well as NUL
In POSIX namespace: any UTF-16 code unit (case-sensitive) except / as well as NUL
Maximum pathname length
32,767 characters with each path component (directory or filename) up to 255 characters long
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
1 YiB (1.208 YB)
Max number of files
?
4032 bytes/255 characters
4032 bytes/255 characters
File system
ReiserFS
Maximum filename length
4032 bytes/255 characters
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
8 TiB (8.796 TB) (v3.6), 4 GiB (4.294 GB) (v3.5)
Maximum volume size
16 TiB (17.59 TB)
Max number of files
?
3976 bytes
3976 bytes
File system
Reiser4
Maximum filename length
3976 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
8 TiB (8.796 TB) on x86
Maximum volume size
?
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
ISO 9660: Rock Ridge extension
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
same as ISO 9660:1988
Maximum volume size
same as ISO 9660:1988
Max number of files
?
6.3 in RADIX-50
6.3 in RADIX-50
File system
RT-11
Maximum filename length
6.3 in RADIX-50
Allowable characters in directory entries
A–Z, 0–9, $
Maximum pathname length
No directory hierarchy (flat file system)
Maximum file size
33,554,432 bytes(65536 × 512)
Maximum volume size
33,554,432 bytes
Max number of files
?
256 bytes
256 bytes
File system
SquashFS
Maximum filename length
256 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
?
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
UDF
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any Unicode except NUL
Maximum pathname length
1,023 bytes
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
512 MiB (536.8 MB) to 16 TiB (17.59 TB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
UFS1
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 GiB (17.17 GB) to 256 TiB (281.4 TB)
Maximum volume size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Max number of files
Subdirectory per directory is 32,767
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
UFS2
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
512 GiB (549.7 GB) to 32 PiB (36.02 PB)
Maximum volume size
512 ZiB (604.4 ZB) (279 bytes)
Max number of files
Subdirectory per directory is 32,767
No limit defined (depends on client)
No limit defined (depends on client)
File system
UniFS
Maximum filename length
No limit defined (depends on client)
Allowable characters in directory entries
?
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined (depends on client)
Maximum file size
Available cache space at time of write (depends on platform)
Maximum volume size
No limit defined
Max number of files
No limit defined
configurable (1024 default)
configurable (1024 default)
File system
VaultFS
Maximum filename length
configurable (1024 default)
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
No limit defined
Maximum volume size
No limit defined
Max number of files
No limit defined
14 bytes
14 bytes
File system
Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS)
Maximum filename length
14 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 MiB (16.77 MB)
Maximum volume size
32 MiB (33.55 MB)
Max number of files
?
14 bytes
14 bytes
File system
Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS)
Maximum filename length
14 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
1 GiB (1.073 GB)
Maximum volume size
2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Max number of files
?
128
128
File system
VMFS2
Maximum filename length
128
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL or /
Maximum pathname length
2,048
Maximum file size
4 TiB (4.398 TB)
Maximum volume size
64 TiB (70.36 TB)
Max number of files
?
128
128
File system
VMFS3
Maximum filename length
128
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL or /
Maximum pathname length
2,048
Maximum file size
2 TiB (2.199 TB)
Maximum volume size
64 TiB (70.36 TB)
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
VxFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
?
Max number of files
?
255 bytes
255 bytes
File system
XFS
Maximum filename length
255 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Maximum volume size
8 EiB (9.223 EB)
Max number of files
264
248 bytes
248 bytes
File system
Xiafs
Maximum filename length
248 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
64 MiB (67.10 MB)
Maximum volume size
2 GiB (2.147 GB)
Max number of files
?
1023 bytes
1023 bytes
File system
ZFS
Maximum filename length
1023 bytes
Allowable characters in directory entries
Any byte except / and NUL
Maximum pathname length
No limit defined
Maximum file size
16 EiB (18.44 EB)
Maximum volume size
281,474,976,710,656 YiB (2128 bytes)
Max number of files
2128
Maximum filename length
Maximum filename length
File system
File system
Maximum filename length
Maximum filename length
Allowable characters in directory entries
Allowable characters in directory entries
Maximum pathname length
Maximum pathname length
Maximum file size
Maximum file size
Maximum volume size
Maximum volume size
Max number of files
Max number of files
| File system | Maximum filename length | Allowable characters in directory entries | Maximum pathname length | Maximum file size | Maximum volume size | Max number of files |
| AdvFS | 255 characters | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 16 TiB (17.59 TB) | 16 TiB (17.59 TB) | ? |
| APFS | 255 UTF-8 characters[citation needed] | Any Unicode 9.0 character except / and NUL | ? | 8 EiB (9.223 EB) | ? | 263 |
| bcachefs | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 16 EiB (18.44 EB) | 16 EiB (18.44 EB) | 264 |
| BeeGFS | 255 bytes | Any byte except NUL | No limit defined | 16 EiB (18.44 EB) | 16 EiB (18.44 EB) | ? |
| BFS | 255 bytes | Any byte except NUL | No limit defined | 12,288 bytes to 260 GiB (279.1 GB) | 256 PiB (288.2 PB) to 2 EiB (2.305 EB) | Unlimited |
| BlueStore/CephFS | 255 characters | any byte, except null, "/" | No limit defined | Max. 264 bytes, 1 TiB (1.099 TB) by default | Not limited | Not limited, default is 100,000 files per directory |
| Btrfs | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 16 EiB (18.44 EB) | 16 EiB (18.44 EB) | 264 |
| CBM DOS | 16 bytes | Any byte except NUL | No directory hierarchy (flat file system) | 16 MiB (16.77 MB) | 16 MiB (16.77 MB) | ? |
| CP/M file system | 8.3 | ASCII except for < > . , ; : = ? * [ ] | No directory hierarchy (but accessibility of files depends on user areas via USER command since CP/M 2.2) | 32 MiB (33.55 MB) | 512 MiB (536.8 MB) | ? |
| DECtape | 6.3 | A–Z, 0–9 | DTxN:FILNAM.EXT = 15 | 369,280 bytes(577 × 640) | 369,920 bytes(578 × 640) | ? |
| Disk Operating System (GEC DOS) | ? | ? | ? | ? at least 131,072 bytes | ? | ? |
| Elektronika BK tape format | 16 bytes | ? | No directory hierarchy (flat file system) | 64 KiB (65.53 KB) | Not limited. Approx. 800 KiB (819.2 KB) (one side) for 90 min cassette | ? |
| EROFS | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 16 EiB (18.44 EB) | 1 EiB (1.152 EB) | 264 |
| exFAT | 255 UTF-16 characters | Unicode except for control codes 0x0000 - 0x001F or " * / : < > ? \ | | 32,760 characters with each path component no more than 255 characters | 16 EiB (18.44 EB) | 64 ZiB (75.55 ZB) (276 bytes) | ? |
| ext | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 2 GiB (2.147 GB) | 2 GiB (2.147 GB) | ? |
| ext2 | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 16 GiB (17.17 GB) to 2 TiB (2.199 TB) | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) to 32 TiB (35.18 TB) | ? |
| ext3 | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 16 GiB (17.17 GB) to 2 TiB (2.199 TB) | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) to 32 TiB (35.18 TB) | ? |
| ext4 | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 16 GiB (17.17 GB) to 16 TiB (17.59 TB) | 1 EiB (1.152 EB) | 232 (static inode limit specified at creation) |
| F2FS | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 4,228,213,756 KiB (4.329 TB) | 16 TiB (17.59 TB) | ? |
| FAT (8-bit) | binary files) / 9 characters (ASCII files) | ASCII (0x00 and 0xFF not allowed in first character) | No directory hierarchy (flat file system) | ? | ? | ? |
| FAT12/FAT16 | UCS-2 characters with LFN) | SFN: OEM A-Z, 0-9, ! # $ % & ' ( ) - @ ^ _ ` { } ~, 0x80-0xFF, 0x20. LFN: Unicode except NUL, " * / : < > ? \ | | No limit defined | 32 MiB (33.55 MB) (4 GiB (4.294 GB)) | 1 MiB (1.048 MB) to 32 MiB (33.55 MB) | ? |
| FAT16B/FAT16X | UCS-2 characters with LFN) | SFN: OEM A-Z, 0-9, ! # $ % & ' ( ) - @ ^ _ ` { } ~, 0x80-0xFF, 0x20. LFN: Unicode except NUL, " * / : < > ? \ | | No limit defined | 2 (4) GiB (2.147 GB) | 16 MiB (16.77 MB) to 2 (4) GiB (2.147 GB) | ? |
| FAT32/FAT32X | UCS-2 characters with LFN) | SFN: OEM A-Z, 0-9, ! # $ % & ' ( ) - @ ^ _ ` { } ~, 0x80-0xFF, 0x20. LFN: Unicode except NUL, " * / : < > ? \ | | 32,760 characters with each path component no more than 255 characters | 4 GiB (4.294 GB) | 512 MiB (536.8 MB) to 16 TiB (17.59 TB) | ? |
| FATX | 42 bytes | ASCII. | No limit defined | 2 GiB (2.147 GB) | 16 MiB (16.77 MB) to 2 GiB (2.147 GB) | ? |
| FFS | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 4 GiB (4.294 GB) | 256 TiB (281.4 TB) | ? |
| Files-11 ODS-1 | in RADIX-50 | A–Z, 0–9, $ | No limit defined; only two-level paths supported by operating systems | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) | 216-1 |
| Files-11 ODS-2 | 20 bytes | A–Z, 0–9, $, -, _ | 4,096 bytes | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) | 224-1 |
| Files-11 ODS-5 | 236 bytes | ISO 8859-1 or UCS-2 | 4,096 bytes | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) | ? |
| Fossil | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| GEC DOS filing system extended | 8 bytes | A–Z, 0–9. Period was directory separator | ? No limit defined (workaround for OS limit) | ? at least 131,072 bytes | ? | ? |
| GEMDOS | 8.3 | A-Z, a-z, 0-9 ! @ # $ % ^ & ( ) + - = ~ ` ; , < > | [ ] ( ) _ | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| GFS2 | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 100 TiB (109.95 TB) to 8 EiB (9.223 EB) | 100 TiB (109.95 TB) to 8 EiB (9.223 EB) | ? |
| GFS | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) to 8 EiB (9.223 EB) | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) to 8 EiB (9.223 EB) | ? |
| GPFS | 255 UTF-8 codepoints | Any byte except NUL | No limit defined | 9 EiB (10.37 EB) | 524,288 YiB (299 bytes) | ? |
| HAMMER | 1023 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | ? | ? | 1 EiB (1.152 EB) | ? |
| HFS | 31 bytes | Any byte except :; in macOS, : in file names is converted to / in the file system, and / and NUL are disallowed | Unlimited | 2 GiB (2.147 GB) | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) | ? |
| HFS Plus | 255 UTF-16 code units | Any valid Unicode character except :; in macOS, : in file names is converted to / in the file system, and / and NUL are disallowed | Unlimited | slightly less than 8 EiB (9.223 EB) | slightly less than 8 EiB (9.223 EB) | ? |
| High Sierra Format | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| HPFS | 255 bytes | Any byte except NUL | No limit defined | 2 GiB (2.147 GB) | 2 TiB (2.199 TB) | ? |
| IBM SFS | 8.8 | ? | Non-hierarchical | ? | ? | ? |
| ISO 9660:1988 | Level 1: 8.3,Level 2 & 3: ~ 180 | Depends on Level | ~ 180 bytes? | 4 GiB (4.294 GB) (Level 1 & 2) to 8 TiB (8.796 TB) (Level 3) | 8 TiB (8.796 TB) | ? |
| ISO 9660:1999 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| JFS | 255 bytes | Any Unicode except NUL | No limit defined | 4 PiB (4.503 PB) | 32 PiB (36.02 PB) | ? |
| JFS1 | 255 bytes | Any byte except / and NUL | No limit defined | 8 EiB (9.223 EB) | 512 TiB (562.9 TB) to 4 PiB (4.503 PB) | ? |
| ISO 9660: Joliet extension | 64 characters | All UCS-2 code except *, /, \, :, ;, and ? | ? | same as ISO 9660:1988 | same as ISO 9660:1988 | ? |
| Level-D | 6.3 | A–Z, 0–9 | DEVICE:FILNAM.EXT[PROJCT,PROGRM] = 7 + 10 + 15 = 32; + 5*7 for SFDs = 67 | 34,359,738,368 words (235); 206,158,430,208 SIXBIT bytes | Approx 12 GiB (12.88 GB) (64 × 178 MiB (186.6 MB)) | ? |
| Lustre | 255 bytes | Any byte except NUL | No limit defined | 16 EiB (18.44 EB) on ZFS | 16 EiB (18.44 EB) | ? |
| MFS | 255 bytes | Any byte except : | No directory hierarchy (flat file system) | 256 MiB (268.4 MB) | 256 MiB (268.4 MB) | ? |
| MicroDOS file system | 14 bytes | ? | ? | 16 MiB (16.77 MB) | 32 MiB (33.55 MB) | ? |
Date ranges · Limits
FAT12, FAT16, FAT32
FAT12, FAT16, FAT32
File system
FAT12, FAT16, FAT32
Start date (time)
1980-01-01 00:00:00
End date (time)
2107-12-31 23:59:58
Granularity
(last modified time)
2 seconds
NTFS
NTFS
File system
NTFS
Start date (time)
1601-01-01
End date (time)
60056-05-28
Granularity
(last modified time)
0.0000001 seconds (100 nanoseconds)
exFAT
exFAT
File system
exFAT
Start date (time)
1980-01-01
End date (time)
2107-12-31
Granularity
(last modified time)
0.01 seconds (10 milliseconds)
ext2, ext3
ext2, ext3
File system
ext2, ext3
Start date (time)
1901-12-14
End date (time)
2038-01-19
Granularity
(last modified time)
1 second
ext4
ext4
File system
ext4
Start date (time)
1901-12-14
End date (time)
2446-05-10
Granularity
(last modified time)
0.000000001 seconds (1 nanosecond)
BtrFS
BtrFS
File system
BtrFS
Start date (time)
1970-01-01 00:00:00
End date (time)
2554-07-21 23:34:33
Granularity
(last modified time)
0.000000001 seconds (1 nanosecond)
JFS
JFS
File system
JFS
Start date (time)
Unknown
End date (time)
Unknown
Granularity
(last modified time)
0.000000001 seconds (1 nanosecond)
XFS
XFS
File system
XFS
Start date (time)
1901-12-13
End date (time)
2486-07-02
Granularity
(last modified time)
0.000000001 seconds (1 nanosecond)
ReiserFS
ReiserFS
File system
ReiserFS
Start date (time)
1901-12-14
End date (time)
2038-01-19
Granularity
(last modified time)
1 second
tux3
tux3
File system
tux3
Start date (time)
Unknown
End date (time)
Unknown
Granularity
(last modified time)
0.00390625 seconds (1/256th of a second)
ISO 9660
ISO 9660
File system
ISO 9660
Start date (time)
0001-01-01
End date (time)
9999-12-31
Granularity
(last modified time)
0.01 seconds (10 milliseconds)
UDF
UDF
File system
UDF
Start date (time)
0001-01-01
End date (time)
9999-12-31
Granularity
(last modified time)
0.000001 seconds (1 microsecond)
HFS Plus
HFS Plus
File system
HFS Plus
Start date (time)
1904-01-01
End date (time)
2040-02-06
Granularity
(last modified time)
1 second
| File system | Start date (time) | End date (time) | Granularity (last modified time) |
| FAT12, FAT16, FAT32 | 1980-01-01 00:00:00 | 2107-12-31 23:59:58 | 2 seconds |
| NTFS | 1601-01-01 | 60056-05-28 | seconds (100 nanoseconds) |
| exFAT | 1980-01-01 | 2107-12-31 | seconds (10 milliseconds) |
| ext2, ext3 | 1901-12-14 | 2038-01-19 | 1 second |
| ext4 | 1901-12-14 | 2446-05-10 | seconds (1 nanosecond) |
| BtrFS | 1970-01-01 00:00:00 | 2554-07-21 23:34:33 | seconds (1 nanosecond) |
| JFS | Unknown | Unknown | seconds (1 nanosecond) |
| XFS | 1901-12-13 | 2486-07-02 | seconds (1 nanosecond) |
| ReiserFS | 1901-12-14 | 2038-01-19 | 1 second |
| tux3 | Unknown | Unknown | seconds (1/256th of a second) |
| ISO 9660 | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | seconds (10 milliseconds) |
| UDF | 0001-01-01 | 9999-12-31 | seconds (1 microsecond) |
| HFS Plus | 1904-01-01 | 2040-02-06 | 1 second |
Time granularity · Limits
File systems
File systems
Granularity
File systems
Sub-microsecond
ext4, BtrFS, JFS, XFS, NTFS
Sub-millisecond
UDF
Sub-second
exFAT, ISO 9660, tux3
One second
ext2, ext3, ReiserFS, HFS Plus
Above one second
FAT
| Granularity | Sub-microsecond | Sub-millisecond | Sub-second | One second | Above one second |
| File systems | ext4, BtrFS, JFS, XFS, NTFS | UDF | exFAT, ISO 9660, tux3 | ext2, ext3, ReiserFS, HFS Plus | FAT |
References
- IBM introduced JFS with the initial release of AIX Version 3.1 in 1990. This file system now called JFS1. The new JFS, o
- Microsoft first introduced FAT32 in MS-DOS 7.1 / Windows 95 OSR2 (OEM Service Release 2) and then later in Windows 98. N
- Implemented in later versions as an extension
- Some FAT implementations, such as in Linux, show file modification timestamp (mtime) in the metadata change timestamp (c
- Particular Installable File System drivers and operating systems may not support extended attributes on FAT12 and FAT16.
- The f-node contains a field for a user identifier. This is not used except by OS/2 Warp Server, however.
- NTFS access control lists can express any access policy possible using simple POSIX file permissions (and far more), but
- As of Vista, NTFS has support for Mandatory Labels, which are used to enforce Mandatory Integrity Control.
- Initially, ReFS lacked support for ADS, but Server 2012 R2 and up add support for ADS on ReFS
- Access-control lists and MAC labels are layered on top of extended attributes.
- Some operating systems implemented extended attributes as a layer over UFS1 with a parallel backing file (e.g., FreeBSD
- Some Installable File System drivers and operating systems may not support extended attributes, access control lists or
- Metadata is mostly checksummed, however Direct/indirect/triple-indirect block maps are not protected by checksums
- Creation time stored since June 2015, xfsprogs version 3.2.3
- The local time, time zone/UTC offset, and date are derived from the time settings of the reference/single timesync sourc
- Novell calls this feature "multiple data streams". Published specifications say that NWFS allows for 16 attributes and 1
- Some file and directory metadata is stored on the NetWare server irrespective of whether Directory Services is installed
- Record Management Services (RMS) attributes include record type and size, among many others.
- File permission in 9P are a variation of the traditional Unix permissions with some minor changes, e.g. the suid bit is
- Supported on FreeBSD and Linux implementations, support may not be available on all operating systems.
- Solaris "extended attributes" are really full-blown alternate data streams, in both the Solaris UFS and ZFS.
- Access times are preserved from the original file system at creation time, but Rock Ridge file systems themselves are re
- libburnia can back up and restore ACLs with file system creation and extraction programs, but no kernel support exists.
- libburnia can back up and restore extended attributes and MAC labels with file system creation and extraction programs,
- There are two variants of APFS, one that is case-sensitive, and one that is not. The non-case-sensitive variant is the d
- System V Release 4, and some other Unix systems, retrofitted symbolic links to their versions of the Version 7 Unix file
- Context based symlinks were supported in GFS, GFS2 only supports standard symlinks since the bind mount feature of the L
- Optional journaling of data
- As of Windows Vista, NTFS fully supports symbolic links. NTFS 3.0 (Windows 2000) and higher can create junctions, which
- NTFS stores everything, even the file data, as meta-data, so its log is closer to block journaling.
- While NTFS itself supports case sensitivity, the Win32 environment subsystem cannot create files whose names differ only
- Metadata-only journaling was introduced in the Mac OS X 10.2.2 HFS Plus driver; journaling is enabled by default on Mac
- Although often believed to be case sensitive, HFS Plus normally is not. The typical default installation is case-preserv
- Mac OS X Tiger (10.4) and late versions of Panther (10.3) provide file change logging (it's a feature of the file system
- "Soft dependencies" (softdep) in NetBSD, called "soft updates" in FreeBSD provide meta-data consistency at all times wit
- Journaled Soft Updates (SU+J) are the default as of FreeBSD 9.x-RELEASE
- UDF, LFS, and NILFS are log-structured file systems and behave as if the entire file system were a journal.
- Linux kernel versions 2.6.12 and newer.
- Off by default.
- Full block journaling for ReiserFS was added to Linux 2.6.8.
- Optionally no on IRIX and Linux.
- Particular Installable File System drivers and operating systems may not support case sensitivity for JFS. OS/2 does not
- Case-sensitivity/Preservation depends on client. Windows, DOS, and OS/2 clients don't see/keep case differences, whereas
- The file change logs, last entry change timestamps, and other filesystem metadata, are all part of the extensive suite o
- Available only in the "NFS" namespace.
- These are referred to as "aliases".
- ZFS is a transactional filesystem using copy-on-write semantics, guaranteeing an always-consistent on-disk state without
- Btrfs is a transactional filesystem using copy-on-write semantics, guaranteeing an always-consistent on-disk state witho
- Bcachefs is a transactional filesystem using copy-on-write semantics, guaranteeing an always-consistent on-disk state wi
- Since Windows 10 Enterprise Insider Preview build 19536
- A file system is self-healing if its capable to proactively autonomously detect and correct all but grave errors, faults
- only inside of Stacker 3/4 and DriveSpace 3 compressed volumes
- Supported only on Windows Server SKUs. However, partitions deduplicated on Server can be used on Client.
- HFS+ does not actually encrypt files: to implement FileVault, OS X creates an HFS+ filesystem in a sparse, encrypted dis
- Reiser4 supports transparent compression and encryption with the cryptcompress plugin which is the default file handler
- VxFS provides an optional feature called "Storage Checkpoints" which allows for advanced file system snapshots.
- Applies to proprietary ZFS release 30 and ZFS On Linux. Encryption support is not yet available in all OpenZFS ports.
- LZJB (optimized for performance while providing decent data compression)LZ4 (faster & higher ratio than lzjb)gzip levels
- disabling copy-on-write (COW) to prevent fragmentation also disables data checksumming
- zlib levels: 1 to 9, default is 3LZO (no levels) faster than ZLIB, worse ratiozstd levels: -15 to 15, default is 3 (high
- noneCRC-32C (default)crc64chacha20/poly1305 (When encryption is enabled. Encryption can only be specified for the entire
- none (default)The three currently supported algorithms are gzip, LZ4, zstd.The compression level may also be optionally
- 3.7: Added file-level snapshot (only available in Windows Server 2022).
- By using the per-file "integrity stream" that internally stores a checksum per cluster. Those per cluster checksums are
- 3.9: Added post process compression with LZ4 and ZSTD and transparent decompression.
- Some file system creation implementations reuse block references and support deduplication this way. This is not suppor
- With software based on GNU Parted.
- Variable block size refers to systems which support different block sizes on a per-file basis. This is similar to extent
- Only for "stuffed" inodes
- Other block:fragment size ratios supported; 8:1 is typical and recommended by most implementations.
- Fragments were planned, but never actually implemented on ext2 and ext3.
- Stores one largest extent in disk, and caches multiple extents in DRAM dynamically.
- Tail packing is technically a special case of block suballocation where the suballocation unit size is always 1 byte.
- In "extents" mode.
- _inline_all field in jfs_dinode.h
- Each possible size (in sectors) of file tail has a corresponding suballocation block chain in which all the tails of tha
- Supported using only EVMS; not currently supported using LVM
- Provided in Plan 9 from User Space
- FUSE based driver available that can eliminate need for iSCSI gateways or SMB shares, but the physical backend store Blu
- Filesystem driver "Dokany" available that can eliminate need for iSCSI gateways or SMB shares, but the physical backend
- These are the restrictions imposed by the on-disk directory entry structures themselves, as well as those imposed by ope
- For filesystems that have variable allocation unit (block/cluster) sizes, a range of size are given, indicating the maxi
- In these filesystems the directory entries named "." and ".." have special status. Directory entries with these names ar
- The on-disk structures have no inherent limit. Particular Installable File System drivers and operating systems may impo
- Varies wildly according to block size and fragmentation of block allocation groups.
- Depends on whether the FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32 implementation has support for LFNs. Where it does not, as in OS/2, DOS,
- On-disk structures would support up to 4 GiB (4.294 GB), but practical file size is limited by volume size.
- While FAT32 partitions this large work fine once created, some software won't allow creation of FAT32 partitions larger
- Maximum pathname length is 4,096 bytes, but quoted limits on individual components add up to 1,664 bytes.
- Maximum combined filename/filetype length is 236 bytes; each component has an individual maximum length of 255 bytes.
- Depends on CPU arch. For 32bit kernels the max is 16 TiB (17.59 TB).
- Depends on CPU arch. For 32bit kernels the max is 16 TiB (17.59 TB).
- Depends on kernel version and arch. For 2.4 kernels the max is 2 TiB (2.199 TB). For 32-bit 2.6 kernels it is 16 TiB (17
- The "classic" Mac OS provides two sets of functions to retrieve file names from an HFS Plus volume, one of them returnin
- HFS Plus mandates support for an escape sequence to allow arbitrary Unicode. Users of older software might see the escap
- The "." and ".." directory entries in HPFS that are seen by applications programs are a partial fiction created by the I
- This is the limit of the on-disk structures. The HPFS Installable File System driver for OS/2 uses the top 5 bits of the
- ISO 9660#Restrictions
- Through the use of multi-extents, a file can consist of multiple segments, each up to 4 GiB (4.294 GB) in size. See ISO
- Assuming the typical 2048 Byte sector size. The volume size is specified as a 32 bit value identifying the number of sec
- Sparse files can be larger than the file system size, even though they can't contain more data.
- NSS allows files to have multiple names, in separate namespaces.
- This is the limit of the on-disk structures. The NTFS driver for Windows NT limits the volume size that it can handle to
- Some namespaces had lower name length limits. "LONG" had an 80-byte limit, "NWFS" 80 bytes, "NFS" 40 bytes and "DOS" imp
- QFS allows files to exceed the size of disk when used with its integrated HSM, as only part of the file need reside on d
- ReiserFS has a theoretical maximum file size of 1 EiB (1.152 EB), but "page cache limits this to 8 Ti on architectures w
- This restriction might be lifted in newer versions.
- The file size in the inode is 1 8-bit byte followed by 1 16-bit word, for 24 bits. The actual maximum was 8,847,360 byte
- The actual maximum was 1,082,201,088 bytes, with 10 direct blocks, 1 singly-indirect block, 1 doubly-indirect block, and
- Maximum file size on a VMFS volume depends on the block size for that VMFS volume. The figures here are obtained by usin
- Note that the filename can be much longer XFS#Extended attributes
- XFS has a limitation under Linux 2.4 of 64 TiB (70.36 TB) file size, but Linux 2.4 only supports a maximum block size of
- FAT has different granularities for different time stamps. Only the date of last access is recorded, not the time. The fhttps://www.cs.fsu.edu/~cop4610t/assignments/project3/spec/fatspec.pdf
- exFAT records 10-millisecond increments for last modification and creation time stamps, but only one second for the lasthttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/exfat-specification
- Software that doesn't recognize Extended Attribute Records in ISO 9660 will only recognize a date range from 1900 to 215
- Remarkable Peoplehttp://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/in-his-own-words-gary-kildall/
- Kildall, Gary Arlenhttp://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/computer-history-museum-license-agreement-for-the-kildall-manuscript/
- InfoWorldhttps://books.google.com/books?id=ZS8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1
- "Polycenter File System - - HELP"https://web.archive.org/web/20120309144054/http://www.ornl.gov/lists/mailing-lists/tru64-unix-managers/1993/10/msg00043.html
- "Sun Microsystems Expands High Performance Computing Portfolio with Definitive Agreement to Acquire Assets of Cluster File Systems, Including the Lustre File System"https://web.archive.org/web/20071002091821/http://www.sun.com/aboutsun/pr/2007-09/sunflash.20070912.2.xml
- BSD Cross Referencehttp://bxr.su/d/sys/vfs/hammer2/DESIGN
- XDA Developerhttps://www.xda-developers.com/huawei-erofs-linux-file-system-android/
- "RT–11 Volume and File Formats Manual"http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dec/pdp11/rt11/v5.6_Aug91/AA-PD6PA-TC_RT-11_Volume_and_File_Formats_Manual_Aug91.pdf
- "RT–11 Volume and File Formats Manual"http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dec/pdp11/rt11/v5.6_Aug91/AA-PD6PA-TC_RT-11_Volume_and_File_Formats_Manual_Aug91.pdf
- "Format of the Unix 6 file system"https://web.archive.org/web/20160921012843/http://www.utdallas.edu/~venky/os/Proj/disk.pdf
- "Unix Programmers Manual"http://web.cuzuco.com/~cuzuco/v7/v7vol1.pdf
- Microsoft Docshttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/secauthz/mandatory-integrity-control
- "Ext4 Disk Layout"https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Disk_Layout#Checksums
- "Ext4 Metadata Checksums"https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Metadata_Checksums#Metadata_Not_Being_Upgraded
- "Files-11 On-Disk Structure (v.1) Specification"https://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/pdp11/rsx11m_s/Files-11_ODS-1_Spec_Jun75.pdf
- "Files-11 On-Disk Structure Specification"https://web-docs.gsi.de/~kraemer/COLLECTION/VMS/ods2.txt
- ECMA-119 - Volume and file structure of CDROM for information interchange - 4th edition, June 2019 at the Wayback Machinhttp://web.archive.org/web/20230820104314if_/https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-119_4th_edition_june_2019.pdf
- TechNethttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/technet-magazine/cc162494(v=msdn.10)
- Ars Technicahttps://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2011/07/mac-os-x-10-7/12/#hfs-problems
- newfs_hfs(8) – Darwin and macOS System Manager's Manualhttps://keith.github.io/xcode-man-pages/newfs_hfs.8.html
- "File System Comparisons"https://web.archive.org/web/20081006205615/https://developer.apple.com/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPFileSystem/Articles/Comparisons.html
- "Technical Note TN1150: HFS Plus Volume Format"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn/tn1150.html
- "fslogger"https://web.archive.org/web/20080918004451/http://www.kernelthread.com/software/fslogger/
- "Journaled Soft-updates"https://www.mckusick.com/softdep/suj.pdf
- "NewFAQs - FreeBSD Wiki"https://wiki.freebsd.org/NewFAQs
- "FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE Announcement"https://www.freebsd.org/releases/9.0R/announce.html
- "EXT4 Case-Insensitive Directories/File-Name Lookups Coming With Linux 5.2"https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=EXT4-Case-Insensitive-Linux-5.2
- "Filesystem Events tracked by NSure"http://www.novell.com/documentation/nsureaudit/html/netware_event_data.htm
- "clonefile(2)"http://www.manpagez.com/man/2/clonefile/
- "DMSDOS CVF module"http://cmp.felk.cvut.cz/~pisa/dmsdos/dmsdos.html
- "About Data Deduplication"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh769303(v=vs.85).aspx
- "Ext4 encryption"https://lwn.net/Articles/639427/
- "Red Hat: What is bitrot?"https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/what-bit-rot-and-how-can-i-detect-it-rhel
- "F2FS encryption"https://lwn.net/Articles/677620/
- "mkfs.xfs(8) from xfsprogs 5.10.0-4"https://manpages.debian.org/bullseye/xfsprogs/mkfs.xfs.8.en.html
- "JFS data compression"https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_aix_71/devicemanagement/jfsdatacomp.html
- "How to Manage ZFS Data Encryption"https://www.oracle.com/technical-resources/articles/solaris/manage-zfs-encryption.html
- GitHubhttps://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs/releases/tag/zfs-0.8.0
- "Feature Flags - OpenZFS"http://open-zfs.org/wiki/Feature_Flags
- GitHubhttps://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/man/master/7/zfsprops.7.html
- GitHubhttps://btrfs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Compression.html
- "bcachefs: Principles of Operation"https://bcachefs.org/bcachefs-principles-of-operation.pdf
- "bcachefs/ Compression"https://bcachefs.org/Compression/
- Microsofthttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/refs/refs-overview
- Microsoft Docshttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/hh831724(v=ws.11)
- resize2fs(8) – Linux Programmer's Manual – Administration and Privileged Commands from Manned.orghttps://manned.org/resize2fs.8
- "Kernel/Git/Jaegeuk/F2fs-tools.git - Userland tools for the f2fs filesystem"https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/jaegeuk/f2fs-tools.git/
- "Frequently Asked Questions (Old Wiki)"http://wiki.lustre.org/Frequently_Asked_Questions_(Old_Wiki)
- "Growing an XFS File System"https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E37670_01/E37355/html/ol_grow_xfs.html
- XFS Wikihttps://web.archive.org/web/20220717073119/http://xfs.org/index.php/Shrinking_Support
- "IBM's Journaled File System (JFS) for Linux"https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/jfs.txt
- "ntfsresize(8)"http://linux.die.net/man/8/ntfsresize
- "Resizing File Systems"https://www.suse.com/documentation/sles11/stor_admin/data/biuymaa.html
- Reiserfs wikihttps://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Resize_reiserfs
- www.suse.comhttps://www.suse.com/products/server/technical-information/
- "nilfs-resize(8)"https://nilfs.sourceforge.net/en/man8/nilfs-resize.8.html
- "MAN Pages zpool-remove.8"https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/man/master/8/zpool-remove.8.html
- "Resizing and Growing Disks"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/disks-growing.html
- ZDNethttps://www.zdnet.com/article/wwdc-2017-macoss-new-file-system/
- "Apple File System Guide - FAQ"https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/FAQ/FAQ.html
- "CVF Region: MDFAT"http://www.techhelpmanual.com/808-cvf_region__mdfat.html
- "Mapping DOS FAT to MDFAT"http://www.techhelpmanual.com/814-mapping_dos_fat_to_mdfat.html
- "[base] Revision 216796"https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=216796
- "Newfs(8)"https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=newfs&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+8.4-RELEASE
- www.kernel.orghttps://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/ext4/overview.html#inline-data
- www.kernel.orghttps://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/f2fs.html#mount-options
- linux-kernelhttps://lkml.org/lkml/2014/09/23/32
- Reiser4 FS Wikihttps://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Reiser4_discard_support
- lwn.nethttps://lwn.net/Articles/759183/
- "XFS Adds Shared Data Extents For Linux 4.9"https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=XFS-Linux-4.9-Shared-Extents
- "Universal Disk Format Specification – Revision 2.60"http://www.osta.org/specs/pdf/udf260.pdf
- openzfs.github.iohttps://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/man/master/7/zpool-features.7.html#embedded_data
- "Inline files — BTRFS documentation"https://btrfs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Inline-files.html
- Android Kernel File System Supporthttps://source.android.com/docs/core/architecture/android-kernel-file-system-support
- GitHubhttps://github.com/sgan81/apfs-fuse
- GitHubhttps://github.com/eafer/linux-apfs
- linux-kernelhttps://lkml.org/lkml/2020/1/20/420
- "NTFS3 Pull Request acceptance"https://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/2109.0/03731.html
- "Paragon HFS+ for Windows 10"http://www.paragon-software.com/home/hfs-windows/download.html
- Time To Pull The Plughttps://web.archive.org/web/20170621190933/http://time.to.pullthepl.ug/blog/2013/6/24/porting-an-ancient-filesystem-to-modern-linux/
- Github (cdtk)https://github.com/ctdk/modern-xiafs
- "Paragon ExtFS for Mac"https://www.paragon-software.com/ufsdhome/extfs-mac
- chrysocome.nethttp://www.chrysocome.net/explore2fs
- "Paragon ExtFS for Windows"https://www.paragon-software.com/home/extfs-windows
- Ext2 Installable File System For Windowshttp://www.fs-driver.org/faq.html
- "Ext2Fsd Project: Open source ext3/4 file system driver for Windows (2K/XP/WIN7/WIN8)"https://web.archive.org/web/20120723091043/http://www.ext2fsd.com/
- "FreeBSD Handbook"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/filesystems-linux.html
- Newsletter of Wonderful Thingshttps://www.hanselman.com/blog/wsl2-can-now-mount-linux-ext4-disks-directly
- Microsoft Learnhttps://learn.microsoft.com/windows/wsl/basic-commands#mount-a-disk-or-device
- "Lustre Wiki"http://wiki.lustre.org/index.php?title=Main_Page
- www.freebsd.orghttps://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=reiserfs&apropos=0&sektion=0&manpath=FreeBSD+10.4-RELEASE&arch=default&format=html
- www.linuxquestions.orghttps://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/%2Absd-17/freebsd-11-and-reiserfs-4175595198/
- marc.infohttps://marc.info/?l=freebsd-commits-all&m=146349940607224&w=2
- "About Shared File Systems and the Linux Client - Sun QFS and Sun Storage Archive Manager 5.3 Installation Guide"https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E22586_01/html/E22570/gledk.html
- Wizy Wikihttps://web.archive.org/web/20130513101601/http://www.wizy.org/wiki/ZFS_on_FUSE
- "ZFS on Linux"http://zfsonlinux.org/
- Mac Rumorshttp://www.macrumors.com/2007/10/04/apple-seeds-zfs-read-write-developer-preview-1-1-for-leopard/
- "OpenZFS on Windows"https://openzfsonwindows.org/
- Github (maharmstone)https://github.com/maharmstone/btrfs
- Freshportshttp://www.freshports.org/sysutils/squashfs-tools/
- Freshportshttp://www.freshports.org/sysutils/fusefs-squashfuse/
- "Frequently Asked Questions"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/FAQ/FAQ.html
- "Volume Format Comparison"https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/APFS_Guide/VolumeFormatComparison/VolumeFormatComparison.html
- "CephFS Maximum File Sizes and Performance"https://docs.ceph.com/en/mimic/cephfs/administration/
- "CephFS Directory Fragmentation"https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/cephfs/dirfrags/
- "ExFAT: File Name Directory Entry"https://www.ntfs.com/exfat-filename-dentry.htm
- Microsoft Docshttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/filesystem-functionality-comparison?redirectedfrom=MSDN#limits
- arvimal.bloghttps://web.archive.org/web/20210228121426/https://arvimal.blog/2016/07/21/max-file-name-length-in-an-ext4-file-system/
- Fedora Project Wikihttps://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Interviews/EricSandeen
- "Limitations of the FAT32 File System in Windows XP"https://web.archive.org/web/20140330033436/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/314463
- "GEMDOS Overview"http://cd.textfiles.com/ataricompendium/BOOK/HTML/CHAP2.HTM
- Red Hathttps://access.redhat.com/solutions/1532
- Red Hathttps://access.redhat.com/solutions/1532
- "HAMMER2 Design Document"http://apollo.backplane.com/DFlyMisc/hammer2.txt
- "The HAMMER Filesystem"http://www.dragonflybsd.org/hammer/hammer.pdf
- support.apple.comhttps://web.archive.org/web/20190408213105/https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201711
- support.apple.comhttps://support.apple.com/kb/TA21924
- www.ibm.comhttps://www.ibm.com/docs/en/cobol-aix/5.1?topic=systems-sfs-file-system
- "Joliet Specification"https://web.archive.org/web/20090414104421/http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/jolspec.html
- "NTFS Documentation"http://dubeyko.com/development/FileSystems/NTFS/ntfsdoc.pdf
- learn.microsoft.comhttps://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/maximum-file-path-limitation
- Microsoft Docshttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/file-server/ntfs-overview
- Steven Sinofskyhttps://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/b8/2012/01/16/building-the-next-generation-file-system-for-windows-refs/
- Amigo's Technical Noteshttps://amigotechnotes.wordpress.com/2015/04/02/invalid-characters-in-file-names/
- Microsoft Docshttps://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/storage/refs/refs-overview
- namesyshttps://web.archive.org/web/20060719110322/http://www.namesys.com/faq.html#reiserfsspecs
- "Maximum Number of UFS Subdirectories"https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19120-01/open.solaris/819-2723/fsfilesysappx-5/index.html
- "Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 9.X and 10.X"https://www.freebsd.org/doc/faq/book.html
- Evan Klitzke’s web loghttps://eklitzke.org/path-max-is-tricky
- Insane Codinghttps://insanecoding.blogspot.com/2007/11/pathmax-simply-isnt.html
- ECMA-119 - Volume and file structure of CDROM for information interchange - 4th edition, June 2019 at the Wayback Machinhttp://web.archive.org/web/20230820104314if_/https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-119_4th_edition_june_2019.pdf