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Comparison of European road signs

Updated: Wikipedia source

Comparison of European road signs

Nearly all European countries operate a broadly similar system of road signs, road markings and traffic signals, but there are noticeable differences mainly in: Graphic design details Local regulatory significance The colour-coding of directional signs Local language texts (sometimes bilingual) The meaning and colour-coding of horizontal road surface markings Most European countries are party to the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals and the associated European agreements supplementing it. A comparison of signage, however, reveals some significant differences at a national level—alongside less minor differences at a regional level.

Tables

Primary routes
Primary routes
Country
Primary routes
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Secondary routes
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Regional destinations
Albania
Albania
Country
Albania
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
TIRANË
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
SHKODER
Outside urban areas
KUDHES
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Qender
Local destinations
Plazhi i Zaroshkes
Tourist signs
DURRES
Armenia
Armenia
Country
Armenia
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
ՍԵՎԱՆSEVAN
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
ԵՐԵՎԱՆYEREVAN
Outside urban areas
ԳՅՈՒՄՐԻGYUMRI
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
ՀՅՈՒՐ. ԱՆԻ ՊԼԱԶԱHOTEL ANI PLAZA
Local destinations
ՎԱՅՈՑ ՁՈՐVAYOTS DZOR
Tourist signs
Շրջանցման ուղղությունDETOUR
Austria
Austria
Country
Austria
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Salzburg
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Wien
Outside urban areas
Villach
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Salzkammergut
Outside urban areas
Umleitung
Belarus
Belarus
Country
Belarus
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
МІНСК
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
ГОМЕЛЬ
Outside urban areas
МАГІЛЁЎ
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
вул. ФІЛІМОНАВА
Local destinations
КАСЦЁЛ СВЯТОГА МІХАІЛА
Tourist signs
аб'езд
Belgium
Belgium
Country
Belgium
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Brussel
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
KortrijkCourtrai
Outside urban areas
GentGand
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
CentrumCentreZentrum
Local destinations
Atomium
Tourist signs
WegomleggingDéviationUmleitung
Bruxelles
Bruxelles
Country
Bruxelles
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Country
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
SarajevoСарајево
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Banja LukaБања Лука
Outside urban areas
MostarМостар
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
CentarЦентар
Local destinations
Međugorje
Tourist signs
ObilazakОбилазак
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Country
Bulgaria
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
СофияSofia
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
РусеRuse
Outside urban areas
ВарнаVarna
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
ЦентърCentre
Local destinations
ЕтърEtar
Tourist signs
ВарнаVarna
Croatia
Croatia
Country
Croatia
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Zagreb
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Bjelovar
Outside urban areas
Osijek
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Centar
Local destinations
Plitvička jezera
Tourist signs
Obilazak
Zračna luka
Zračna luka
Country
Zračna luka
Czech Republic
Czech Republic
Country
Czech Republic
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
BRNO
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
PRAHA
Outside urban areas
VYŠKOV
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
SLOVANY
Outside urban areas
Letiště
Local destinations
Hrad Bouzov
Tourist signs
PRAHA
Denmark
Denmark
Country
Denmark
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Aarhus
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
n/a
Outside urban areas
Skanderborg
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Stadion
Local destinations
Himmelbjerget
Tourist signs
Nakskov
Estonia
Estonia
Country
Estonia
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
n/a
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
TALLINN
Outside urban areas
HAAPSALU
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
MUSTAMÄE
Local destinations
Pirita klooster
Tourist signs
ÜMBERSÕIT
Finland
Finland
Country
Finland
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
HELSINKIHELSINGFORS
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
LAPPEENRANTA
Outside urban areas
PORVOOBORGÅ
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
KYMINLINNA
Outside urban areas
Kirjasto
Local destinations
Hiidenkivi
Tourist signs
TURKU
France
France
Country
France
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
PARIS
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
MARSEILLE
Outside urban areas
BEAUVAIS
Outside urban areas
TOULON
Outside urban areas
LA CHAPPELLE
Outside urban areas
n/a
Local destinations
Gare S.N.C.F.
Tourist signs
PARC NATUREL
Temporary detour
Déviation
Germany
Germany
Country
Germany
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Hamburg
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Freiburg
Outside urban areas
Lübeck
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Bahnhof
Local destinations
Burg Eltz
Tourist signs
Umleitung
Greece
Greece
Country
Greece
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
ΘεσσαλονίκηThessaloniki
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
ΠάτραPatra
Outside urban areas
ΑθήναAthina
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
ΚέντροCentre
Local destinations
ΑκρόποληAkropolis
Tourist signs
ΕύοσμοςEvosmos
Hungary
Hungary
Country
Hungary
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Budapest
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Vác
Outside urban areas
Gyöngyös
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
◉ Centrum
Local destinations
Vár
Tourist signs
Gödöllő
Iceland
Iceland
Country
Iceland
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
n/a
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
n/a
Outside urban areas
Akureyri
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Garðabær
Outside urban areas
Flugstöð
Local destinations
n/a
Tourist signs
Hjáleið
Ireland
Ireland
Country
Ireland
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Áth CliathDUBLIN
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
n/a
Outside urban areas
Tulach MhórTULLAMORE
Outside urban areas
SeantrabhSANTRY
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Local destinations
An BhóireannTHE BURREN
Tourist signs
Cúrsa TimpillDETOUR
Italy
Italy
Country
Italy
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
VENEZIA
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
UDINE
Outside urban areas
BORGOSOLE
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
aeroporto
Local destinations
Colfosco
Tourist signs
deviazione
Latvia
Latvia
Country
Latvia
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
n/a
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
RĪGA
Outside urban areas
LIEPĀJA
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
centrs
Local destinations
KURZEMES ŠVEICE
Tourist signs
DAUGAVPILS
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
Country
Liechtenstein
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
St. Gallen
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Chur
Outside urban areas
Schaan
Outside urban areas
Vaduz
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Bahnhof
Local destinations
Burg
Tourist signs
Umleitung
Lithuania
Lithuania
Country
Lithuania
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
VILNIUS
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
KAUNAS
Outside urban areas
MARIJAMPOLĖ
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
CENTRAS
Local destinations
Kernavės archeologinė vietovė
Tourist signs
Apylanka
Montenegro
Montenegro
Country
Montenegro
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Podgorica
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Bar
Outside urban areas
Herceg Novi
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Centar
Local destinations
Skadarsko Jezero
Tourist signs
Obilazak
Netherlands
Netherlands
Country
Netherlands
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
A 44 Amsterdam
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Den Haag
Outside urban areas
Arnhem N 50
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Centrum
Local destinations
Nationaal Park
Tourist signs
OMLEIDINGVolg A
Norway
Norway
Country
Norway
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Nannestad
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Lillestrøm
Outside urban areas
Trondheim
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Sykehus
Local destinations
Kvitsand
Tourist signs
Bergen
Poland
Poland
Country
Poland
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Wrocław
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Poznań
Outside urban areas
Suwałki
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Centrum
Local destinations
Kraków
Tourist signs
Objazd
Portugal
Portugal
Country
Portugal
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Lisboa
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
n/a
Outside urban areas
Portalegre
Outside urban areas
Fig.ra Foz
Outside urban areas
ALGARVE
Outside urban areas
centro
Local destinations
castelo
Tourist signs
Desvio
Romania
Romania
Country
Romania
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
București
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Craiova
Outside urban areas
Baia Mare
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Centru
Local destinations
Castelul Bran
Tourist signs
Ocolire
Russia
Russia
Country
Russia
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
БЕЛГОРОДBELGOROD
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
МОСКВА
Outside urban areas
ТЮМЕНЬ
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
ЛИПЕЦК
Outside urban areas
ул. Арбат
Local destinations
музей-усадьба Н. К. РЕРИХА
Tourist signs
объезд
Serbia
Serbia
Country
Serbia
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
БеоградBeograd
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
КрагујевацKragujevac
Outside urban areas
ЗрењанинZrenjanin
Outside urban areas
Сомбор
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
ЦентарCentar
Local destinations
СтуденицаStudenica
Tourist signs
ОбилазакObilazak
Slovakia
Slovakia
Country
Slovakia
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Košice
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Nitra
Outside urban areas
Bratislava
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Centrum
Local destinations
Hrad
Tourist signs
obchádzka
Slovenia
Slovenia
Country
Slovenia
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Maribor
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Nova Gorica
Outside urban areas
Medvode
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Center
Local destinations
Postojnska jama
Tourist signs
Obvoz
Spain
Spain
Country
Spain
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Villalba
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Córdoba
Outside urban areas
Oviedo / Uviéu
Outside urban areas
PINTO
Outside urban areas
BADAJOZ
Outside urban areas
n/a
Local destinations
centro
Tourist signs
Navacerrada
Temporary detour
DESVÍO
Sweden
Sweden
Country
Sweden
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
GÖTEBORG
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
STOCKHOLM
Outside urban areas
FALUN
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
NORRMALM
Outside urban areas
Vårdcentral
Local destinations
Långe Erik
Tourist signs
NYKÖPING
Switzerland
Switzerland
Country
Switzerland
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Basel
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Chiasso
Outside urban areas
Moudon
Outside urban areas
Ftan
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Gare CFF
Local destinations
Castello
Tourist signs
UmleitungDéviationDeviazione
Turkey
Turkey
Country
Turkey
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
İstanbul
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
n/a
Outside urban areas
Ankara
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
Şehir Merkezi
Local destinations
Dara Antik Kenti
Tourist signs
n/a
Ukraine
Ukraine
Country
Ukraine
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
КиївKyiv
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
ЖашківZhashkiv
Outside urban areas
РудняRudnia
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
n/a
Outside urban areas
◉ Центр
Local destinations
Борисоглібська церква
Tourist signs
об'їздdetour
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Country
United Kingdom
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Nottingham M1
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
n/a
Outside urban areas
Inbhir NisInvernessA9
Outside urban areas
TyddewiSt Davids
Outside urban areas
The NORTH
Outside urban areas
Village Hall
Local destinations
Thorpe Park
Tourist signs
Diversion
Country
Motorways (Controlled-access highways)
Expressways (Limited-access roads)
Outside urban areas
Local destinations
Tourist signs
Temporary detour
Primary routes
Secondary routes
Regional destinations
Albania
TIRANË
SHKODER
KUDHES
n/a
n/a
Qender
Plazhi i Zaroshkes
DURRES
Armenia
ՍԵՎԱՆSEVAN
ԵՐԵՎԱՆYEREVAN
ԳՅՈՒՄՐԻGYUMRI
n/a
n/a
ՀՅՈՒՐ. ԱՆԻ ՊԼԱԶԱHOTEL ANI PLAZA
ՎԱՅՈՑ ՁՈՐVAYOTS DZOR
Շրջանցման ուղղությունDETOUR
Austria
Salzburg
Wien
Villach
n/a
Salzkammergut
Umleitung
Belarus
МІНСК
ГОМЕЛЬ
МАГІЛЁЎ
n/a
n/a
вул. ФІЛІМОНАВА
КАСЦЁЛ СВЯТОГА МІХАІЛА
аб'езд
Belgium
Brussel
KortrijkCourtrai
GentGand
n/a
n/a
CentrumCentreZentrum
Atomium
WegomleggingDéviationUmleitung
Bruxelles
Bosnia and Herzegovina
SarajevoСарајево
Banja LukaБања Лука
MostarМостар
n/a
n/a
CentarЦентар
Međugorje
ObilazakОбилазак
Bulgaria
СофияSofia
РусеRuse
ВарнаVarna
n/a
n/a
ЦентърCentre
ЕтърEtar
ВарнаVarna
Croatia
Zagreb
Bjelovar
Osijek
n/a
n/a
Centar
Plitvička jezera
Obilazak
Zračna luka
Czech Republic
BRNO
PRAHA
VYŠKOV
n/a
SLOVANY
Letiště
Hrad Bouzov
PRAHA
Denmark
Aarhus
n/a
Skanderborg
n/a
n/a
Stadion
Himmelbjerget
Nakskov
Estonia
n/a
TALLINN
HAAPSALU
n/a
n/a
MUSTAMÄE
Pirita klooster
ÜMBERSÕIT
Finland
HELSINKIHELSINGFORS
LAPPEENRANTA
PORVOOBORGÅ
n/a
KYMINLINNA
Kirjasto
Hiidenkivi
TURKU
France
PARIS
MARSEILLE
BEAUVAIS
TOULON
LA CHAPPELLE
n/a
Gare S.N.C.F.
PARC NATUREL
Déviation
Germany
Hamburg
Freiburg
Lübeck
n/a
n/a
Bahnhof
Burg Eltz
Umleitung
Greece
ΘεσσαλονίκηThessaloniki
ΠάτραPatra
ΑθήναAthina
n/a
n/a
ΚέντροCentre
ΑκρόποληAkropolis
ΕύοσμοςEvosmos
Hungary
Budapest
Vác
Gyöngyös
n/a
n/a
◉ Centrum
Vár
Gödöllő
Iceland
n/a
n/a
Akureyri
n/a
Garðabær
Flugstöð
n/a
Hjáleið
Ireland
Áth CliathDUBLIN
n/a
Tulach MhórTULLAMORE
SeantrabhSANTRY
n/a
n/a
An BhóireannTHE BURREN
Cúrsa TimpillDETOUR
Italy
VENEZIA
UDINE
BORGOSOLE
n/a
n/a
aeroporto
Colfosco
deviazione
Latvia
n/a
RĪGA
LIEPĀJA
n/a
n/a
centrs
KURZEMES ŠVEICE
DAUGAVPILS
Liechtenstein
St. Gallen
Chur
Schaan
Vaduz
n/a
Bahnhof
Burg
Umleitung
Lithuania
VILNIUS
KAUNAS
MARIJAMPOLĖ
n/a
n/a
CENTRAS
Kernavės archeologinė vietovė
Apylanka
Montenegro
Podgorica
Bar
Herceg Novi
n/a
n/a
Centar
Skadarsko Jezero
Obilazak
Netherlands
A 44 Amsterdam
Den Haag
Arnhem N 50
n/a
n/a
Centrum
Nationaal Park
OMLEIDINGVolg A
Norway
Nannestad
Lillestrøm
Trondheim
n/a
n/a
Sykehus
Kvitsand
Bergen
Poland
Wrocław
Poznań
Suwałki
n/a
n/a
Centrum
Kraków
Objazd
Portugal
Lisboa
n/a
Portalegre
Fig.ra Foz
ALGARVE
centro
castelo
Desvio
Romania
București
Craiova
Baia Mare
n/a
n/a
Centru
Castelul Bran
Ocolire
Russia
БЕЛГОРОДBELGOROD
МОСКВА
ТЮМЕНЬ
n/a
ЛИПЕЦК
ул. Арбат
музей-усадьба Н. К. РЕРИХА
объезд
Serbia
БеоградBeograd
КрагујевацKragujevac
ЗрењанинZrenjanin
Сомбор
n/a
ЦентарCentar
СтуденицаStudenica
ОбилазакObilazak
Slovakia
Košice
Nitra
Bratislava
n/a
n/a
Centrum
Hrad
obchádzka
Slovenia
Maribor
Nova Gorica
Medvode
n/a
n/a
Center
Postojnska jama
Obvoz
Spain
Villalba
Córdoba
Oviedo / Uviéu
PINTO
BADAJOZ
n/a
centro
Navacerrada
DESVÍO
Sweden
GÖTEBORG
STOCKHOLM
FALUN
n/a
NORRMALM
Vårdcentral
Långe Erik
NYKÖPING
Switzerland
Basel
Chiasso
Moudon
Ftan
n/a
Gare CFF
Castello
UmleitungDéviationDeviazione
Turkey
İstanbul
n/a
Ankara
n/a
n/a
Şehir Merkezi
Dara Antik Kenti
n/a
Ukraine
КиївKyiv
ЖашківZhashkiv
РудняRudnia
n/a
n/a
◉ Центр
Борисоглібська церква
об'їздdetour
United Kingdom
Nottingham M1
n/a
Inbhir NisInvernessA9
TyddewiSt Davids
The NORTH
Village Hall
Thorpe Park
Diversion
· Traffic signs comparisons for all countries
Built-up area limits
Built-up area limits
Gallery (type of sign)
Built-up area limits
Examples
Entrance Denmark France Romania
Checkpoint
Checkpoint
Gallery (type of sign)
Checkpoint
Examples
Toll charge Germany Greece Serbia
De-restrictions
De-restrictions
Gallery (type of sign)
De-restrictions
Examples
End of cycle path Hungary Russia United Kingdom
Indication
Indication
Gallery (type of sign)
Indication
Examples
Taxi stand Estonia Hungary Poland
Mandatory
Mandatory
Gallery (type of sign)
Mandatory
Examples
Turn right Belgium Spain United Kingdom
Priority
Priority
Gallery (type of sign)
Priority
Examples
Stop Spain Bosnia and Herzegovina Turkey
Prohibitory
Prohibitory
Gallery (type of sign)
Prohibitory
Examples
No motor vehicles Netherlands Poland Slovenia
Special regulations
Special regulations
Gallery (type of sign)
Special regulations
Examples
Pedestrian crossing Bulgaria Latvia Croatia
Warning
Warning
Gallery (type of sign)
Warning
Examples
Curve Ireland Switzerland Ukraine
Gallery (type of sign)
Examples
Built-up area limits
Entrance Denmark France Romania
Checkpoint
Toll charge Germany Greece Serbia
De-restrictions
End of cycle path Hungary Russia United Kingdom
Indication
Taxi stand Estonia Hungary Poland
Mandatory
Turn right Belgium Spain United Kingdom
Priority
Stop Spain Bosnia and Herzegovina Turkey
Prohibitory
No motor vehicles Netherlands Poland Slovenia
Special regulations
Pedestrian crossing Bulgaria Latvia Croatia
Warning
Curve Ireland Switzerland Ukraine

References

  1. Used to indicate locations like regions, city centres, city districts and tourist locations. In reality, there is no cle
  2. "Code de la route - Article 71. Signaux d'indication (F1-F31)"
    http://code-de-la-route.be/textes-legaux/sections/ar/code-de-la-route/254-art71a
  3. Used for services and objects like stations, hospitals etc. See: Pravilnik o turističkoj i ostaloj signalizaciji na cest
    https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2016_07_64_1593.html
  4. Directional signs that are mounted overhead on multi-lane primary roads are white on blue.
  5. Used to indicate specific directions
  6. German traffic law does not recognise the category of "expressways", but there are certain roads commonly referred to as
  7. National primary & secondary roads. Route numbers are written in yellow.
  8. Regional & local roads
  9. On non-motorways only
  10. Certain town names may be abbreviated, in this case for Figueira da Foz
  11. Regional destinations and cardinal directions are written fully in uppercase (e.g. "ALGARVE" or "NORTE"), with the text
  12. Town names on regional and local roads are displayed only in Cyrillic, and in the languages of national minorities where
  13. Next to AUTOPISTA also used for AUTOVÍA and AUTOBIA
  14. Vía reservada para automóviles
  15. vía rápida
  16. carretera convencional
  17. There is no expressway class of road in the UK
  18. In Scotland, some signs are bilingual, with Scottish Gaelic text shown on top and in yellow.
  19. In Wales, all signs are bilingual, with Welsh text shown on top in the same colour as English text.
  20. Regional destinations consist of upper case cardinal destinations and regions (e.g. "The NORTH" or "The SOUTH WEST") and
  21. Analysis of comprehension of traffic signs: a pilot study in Ankara, Turkey
    https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/20158
  22. "Технички приручник за спровођење одредаба Правилника о саобраћајној сигнализацији"
    https://www.putevi-srbije.rs/images/pdf/regulativa/tehnicko-uputstvo-za-sprovodjenje-odredaba-pravilnika-o-saobracajnoj-signalizaciji.pdf
  23. base.garant.ru
    http://base.garant.ru/182170/
  24. meganorm.ru
    https://meganorm.ru/Index2/1/4294849/4294849191.htm
  25. docs.cntd.ru
    https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200038802
  26. meganorm.ru
    https://meganorm.ru/Data2/1/4293741/4293741568.pdf
  27. "Нові дорожні знаки. Навіщо вони з'явилися і що буде далі?"
    https://auto.ria.com/uk/news/events/250595/novye-dorozhnye-znaki-zachem-oni-poyavilis-i-chto-budet-dalshe.html
  28. zakon.isu.net.ua
    https://zakon.isu.net.ua/sites/default/files/normdocs/dstu_4100_2021.pdf
  29. "Opastusmerkkien luettavuus"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194647/http://alk.tiehallinto.fi/julkaisut/pdf/3200927-vopastusmerkkienluettavuu.pdf
  30. Magyar Közút
    https://ume.kozut.hu/dokumentum/1317
  31. Obwieszczenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 9 września 2019 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu rozporządzenia M
    https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20190002311
  32. gov.uk
    https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5c78f895e5274a0ebfec719b/traffic-signs-manual-chapter-03.pdf#page=38
  33. "The rural speed limit sign"
    https://assets.gov.ie/34749/59cea27176234ae38ebe38d24d1b8082.pdf
  34. "S.I. No. 618/2024 - Road Traffic (Signs) (Speed limits) Regulations 2024"
    https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/si/618/made/en/print
  35. Fahrschule Fürböck
    https://www.fuerboeck.at/verkehrsrecht/bodenmarkierungen/halteverbot-parkverbot/
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