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Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)

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Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)

The Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) (abbr. CPC(M-L)) is an anti-revisionist, Marxist–Leninist communist party in Canada, founded in 1970 by Hardial Bains. It has been registered with Elections Canada as a federal political party under the name Marxist–Leninist Party of Canada (MLPC) since 1974. The party is not an offshoot of the Communist Party of Canada; its early membership came from student-led organizations active in the 1960s. After a period of alignment with Maoism and China, the CPC(M-L) pursued a Hoxhaist, pro-Albanian line until the early 1990s. Bains led the CPC(M-L) from its founding in 1970 until his death in 1997. Bains' widow Sandra L. Smith succeeded her late husband as First Secretary following his death. Elections Canada lists Anna Di Carlo as the head of the electorally-registered organization. None of the party's candidates have been elected. Since the 1970s, the party has had a larger electoral campaign presence than the CPC. It ran its largest number of candidates in 1980 when it nominated 177 candidates, contesting 63 percent of the country's electoral districts. The party publishes an online newspaper named The Marxist–Leninist Monthly.

Infobox

Abbreviation
CPC(M-L)
Leader
Anna Di Carlo
President
Rolf Gerstenberger
First Secretary
Sandra L. Smith
Founder
Hardial Bains
Founded
March 31, 1970; 55 years ago (1970-03-31)
Headquarters
PO Box 666, Station C,Montreal, QuebecH2L 4L5
Newspaper
The Marxist–Leninist Monthly
Youth wing
Communist Youth Union of Canada (Marxist-Leninist)Youth for Democratic Renewal
Ideology
mw- CommunismMarxism–LeninismAnti-revisionismHistorical:Maoism (1970–1977)Hoxhaism (1977–1992)
Political position
Far-left
Colours
Red and yellow
Senate
0 / 105
House of Commons
0 / 343

Tables

· Election results
1974
1974
Election
1974
Leader
Hardial Bains
Candidates
104 / 264
Seats won
0
Votes
16,261
Vote share
0.17%
Vote share in ridings contested
[data missing]
1979
1979
Election
1979
Leader
144 / 282
Candidates
0
Seats won
14,231
Votes
0.12%
Vote share
[data missing]
1980
1980
Election
1980
Leader
177 / 282
Candidates
0
Seats won
14,697
Votes
0.13%
Vote share
[data missing]
1993
1993
Election
1993
Leader
51 / 295
Candidates
0
Seats won
5,202
Votes
0.04%
Vote share
0.214%
1997
1997
Election
1997
Leader
65 / 301
Candidates
0
Seats won
11,468
Votes
0.09%
Vote share
0.403%
2000
2000
Election
2000
Leader
Sandra L. Smith
Candidates
84 / 301
Seats won
0
Votes
12,068
Vote share
0.09%
Vote share in ridings contested
0.319%
2004
2004
Election
2004
Leader
76 / 308
Candidates
0
Seats won
8,696
Votes
0.06%
Vote share
0.243%
2006
2006
Election
2006
Leader
69 / 308
Candidates
0
Seats won
8,980
Votes
0.06%
Vote share
0.253%
2008
2008
Election
2008
Leader
59 / 308
Candidates
0
Seats won
8,565
Votes
0.06%
Vote share
0.305%
2011
2011
Election
2011
Leader
Anna Di Carlo
Candidates
70 / 308
Seats won
0
Votes
9,925
Vote share
0.07%
Vote share in ridings contested
0.278%
2015
2015
Election
2015
Leader
70 / 338
Candidates
0
Seats won
9,105
Votes
0.05%
Vote share
0.235%
2019
2019
Election
2019
Leader
50 / 338
Candidates
0
Seats won
4,124
Votes
0.02%
Vote share
0.154%
2021
2021
Election
2021
Leader
36 / 338
Candidates
0
Seats won
4,532
Votes
0.03%
Vote share
0.256%
2025
2025
Election
2025
Leader
35 / 343
Candidates
0
Seats won
4,996
Votes
0.03%
Vote share
0.284%
Election
Leader
Candidates
Seats won
Votes
Vote share
Vote share in ridings contested
1974
Hardial Bains
104 / 264
0
16,261
0.17%
[data missing]
1979
144 / 282
0
14,231
0.12%
[data missing]
1980
177 / 282
0
14,697
0.13%
[data missing]
1993
51 / 295
0
5,202
0.04%
0.214%
1997
65 / 301
0
11,468
0.09%
0.403%
2000
Sandra L. Smith
84 / 301
0
12,068
0.09%
0.319%
2004
76 / 308
0
8,696
0.06%
0.243%
2006
69 / 308
0
8,980
0.06%
0.253%
2008
59 / 308
0
8,565
0.06%
0.305%
2011
Anna Di Carlo
70 / 308
0
9,925
0.07%
0.278%
2015
70 / 338
0
9,105
0.05%
0.235%
2019
50 / 338
0
4,124
0.02%
0.154%
2021
36 / 338
0
4,532
0.03%
0.256%
2025
35 / 343
0
4,996
0.03%
0.284%

References

  1. www.leninism.org
    http://www.leninism.org/stream/98/hardial-1st-anniv.htm
  2. www.hotel-reykjavik.com
    https://www.hotel-reykjavik.com/de/irishleftrevieworg/
  3. "CPC(M-L): Hardial Bains"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110809063043/http://cpcml.ca/Leaders/HardialBains.html
  4. ubc.ca
    https://web.archive.org/web/20050128010415/http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/pdfs/ubyssey/UBYSSEY_1964_11_20.pdf
  5. Letter, "On the CPC (ML)," CPC Central Committee, 2001
  6. www.cpcml.ca
    https://www.cpcml.ca/Tmld2013/D43034.htm
  7. http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/pdfs/ubyssey/UBYSSEY_1963_10_03.pdf; Ubyssey, "Hot air types form own group," October
    http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/pdfs/ubyssey/UBYSSEY_1963_10_03.pdf
  8. "Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120204041708/http://www.cpcml.ca/PartyMonument/41stAnnivInternationalists.htm
  9. cpcml.ca
    https://cpcml.ca/Tmlw2012/W42033.HTM
  10. NFC Preface
  11. JJ's Complete Guide to Canada, "Fringe Parties", No date.
  12. National Post
    https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/communist-parties-battle-for-few-marxist-votes-no-will-to-unite-canadas-far-left
  13. "The Second Wave of Anti-Revisionism, 1971-1981," Encyclopedia of Revisionism On Line
  14. Ben Isitt, Militant Minority: British Columbia Workers and the Rise of a New Left, U of T Press, 2011
  15. marxists.org
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160530215906/https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ca.firstwave/spart-cpc-angola.htm
  16. https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ca.secondwave/bu-albania/part18.htm;Bolshevik Archived July 16, 2018, at the Wayba
    https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ca.secondwave/bu-albania/part18.htm;Bolshevik
  17. www.marxists.org
    https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ca.firstwave/learnfromtheteachers/learnfrom.htm
  18. "The First Wave of Anti-Revisionism, 1964–1970", Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line
    https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ca.firstwave/index.htm
  19. marxists.architexturez.net
    https://marxists.architexturez.net/history/erol/ca.firstwave/bu-cpcml/section-1.htm
  20. https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ca.firstwave/6th-2.pdf;People's Archived April 1, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Dai
    https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ca.firstwave/6th-2.pdf;People's
  21. www.marxists.org
    https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ca.secondwave/doing-everything.htm
  22. Sixth Conference
  23. www.marxists.org
    https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ca.firstwave/isoncpc/chapter4.htm
  24. https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/spartacist-canada/013_1977_02-SpartCan.pdf;Spartacist Archived March 15,
    https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/spartacist-canada/013_1977_02-SpartCan.pdf;Spartacist
  25. "Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160229175919/http://www.cpcml.ca/Tmld2006/D36153.htm#1
  26. https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-5/;U.S Archived April 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Anti-Revisionism, The
    https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-5/;U.S
  27. Stars and Stripes (Washington, D.C.), February 23, 1977, p.31.
  28. Discogs
    https://www.discogs.com/release/10094046-Canadian-Cultural-Workers-Committee-Party-Is-The-Most-Precious-Thing-And-Other-Canadian-Revolutionar
  29. Marxist update
    http://marxistupdate.blogspot.com/2011/12/cultural-worker.html
  30. reflections-shivanand.blogspot.ca
    http://reflections-shivanand.blogspot.ca/2007/07/book-review-communism-1989-1991-by.html;
  31. "Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20160229175919/http://www.cpcml.ca/Tmld2006/D36153.htm
  32. "The Party of Labor of Albania Came to Canada Under a Stolen Flag"
    https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ca.secondwave/bu-albania/part19.htm
  33. Robert Cruise, "Talking point: Alternate parties, alternate ideas," Windsor Star, 5 October 1993, A7.
  34. Ian Timberlake, "Marxists on Renewal party's slate," Windsor Star, 24 September 1993, A3.
  35. Ian Timberlake, "Small parties swell list of candidates," Windsor Star, 28 September 1993, A5.
  36. Ian Timberlake, "Marxists on Renewal party's slate," Windsor Star, 24 September 1993, A3.
  37. Kim Lunman, "Election 1993: More parties than ever in race," Windsor Star, 13 September 1993.
  38. Ian Timberlake, "Marxists on Renewal party's slate," Windsor Star, 24 September 1993, A3.
  39. "The campaign in brief," Vancouver Sun, 1 October 1993, A7; "Don Valley West," 22 October 1993, Toronto Star, A7. Among
  40. See Bob Rutter, "NDP incumbent forgotten as Tories attack Liberals," Kitchener-Waterloo Record, 1 June 1995, B4. This ar
  41. "Vote for the Independent Candidates Who Represent the Renewal of Ontario!", TML Daily, 30 September 2003, accessed 29 A
  42. "Oh Comrade, Dear Comrade, Beloved Comrade", TML Weekly September 14–20, 1997.
    https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ca.firstwave/bains-eulogy.pdf
  43. "CPC(M-L): The Party Memorial"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150819160305/http://www.cpcml.ca/PartyMonument/Memorial01.html
  44. "Election Night Results - National"
    https://enr.elections.ca/National.aspx?lang=e;Elections
  45. Elections Manitoba, Registered Parties[permanent dead link]
    http://www.electionsmanitoba.ca/pd/Political_Participation/Registered_Political_Parties;
  46. "Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist)"
    http://www.cpcml.ca/Leaders/AnnaDiCarlo.html
  47. "Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110927002743/http://www.cpcml.ca/Leaders/SandraLSmith.html
  48. "Hardial Bains, party founder and leader"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110809063043/http://cpcml.ca/Leaders/HardialBains.html
  49. littleredumbrella.com
    http://www.littleredumbrella.com/2011/05/fringe-party-profiles-communist-party.html;The
  50. "Archived copy"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120529130702/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2011/201112/news27/20111227-38ee.html
  51. The Hamilton Spectator
    http://www.thespec.com/news-story/5474818-local-1005-acclaims-howe-as-new-president/
  52. "The Marxist-Leninist Daily"
    http://www.cpcml.ca/Tmld2009/D39059.htm
  53. "The Marxist-Leninist Daily"
    http://www.cpcml.ca/Tmld2014/D44054.htm
  54. "The Marxist-Leninist Daily"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080711232218/http://cpcml.ca/Tmld2005/D35052.htm
  55. "Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist)"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100803235121/http://cpcml.ca//Tmld2006/D36046.htm
  56. This publication is referenced in Referendum on Mixed Member Proportional," Archived 2010-08-03 at the Wayback Machine T
    http://www.cpcml.ca/Tmld2007/D37158.htm
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