| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| Loss | 17–5 | Joaquin Buckley | TKO (doctor stoppage) | UFC on ESPN: Covington vs. Buckley | December 14, 2024 | 3 | 4:42 | Tampa, Florida, United States | |
| Loss | 17–4 | Leon Edwards | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 296 | December 16, 2023 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | For the UFC Welterweight Championship. |
| Win | 17–3 | Jorge Masvidal | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 272 | March 5, 2022 | 5 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | Fight of the Night. |
| Loss | 16–3 | Kamaru Usman | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 268 | November 6, 2021 | 5 | 5:00 | New York City, New York, United States | For the UFC Welterweight Championship. |
| Win | 16–2 | Tyron Woodley | TKO (rib injury) | UFC Fight Night: Covington vs. Woodley | September 19, 2020 | 5 | 1:19 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Loss | 15–2 | Kamaru Usman | TKO (punches) | UFC 245 | December 14, 2019 | 5 | 4:10 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | For the UFC Welterweight Championship. Fight of the Night. |
| Win | 15–1 | Robbie Lawler | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on ESPN: Covington vs. Lawler | August 3, 2019 | 5 | 5:00 | Newark, New Jersey, United States | |
| Win | 14–1 | Rafael dos Anjos | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 225 | June 9, 2018 | 5 | 5:00 | Chicago, Illinois, United States | Won the interim UFC Welterweight Championship. Later stripped of the title due to injury. |
| Win | 13–1 | Demian Maia | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Brunson vs. Machida | October 28, 2017 | 3 | 5:00 | São Paulo, Brazil | |
| Win | 12–1 | Kim Dong-hyun | Decision (unanimous) | UFC Fight Night: Holm vs. Correia | June 17, 2017 | 3 | 5:00 | Kallang, Singapore | |
| Win | 11–1 | Bryan Barberena | Decision (unanimous) | UFC on Fox: VanZant vs. Waterson | December 17, 2016 | 3 | 5:00 | Sacramento, California, United States | |
| Win | 10–1 | Max Griffin | TKO (punches) | UFC 202 | August 20, 2016 | 3 | 2:18 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 9–1 | Jonathan Meunier | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC Fight Night: MacDonald vs. Thompson | June 18, 2016 | 3 | 0:54 | Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | |
| Loss | 8–1 | Warlley Alves | Submission (guillotine choke) | UFC 194 | December 12, 2015 | 1 | 1:26 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 8–0 | Mike Pyle | Decision (unanimous) | UFC 187 | May 23, 2015 | 3 | 5:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States | |
| Win | 7–0 | Wagner Silva | Submission (rear-naked choke) | UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Saint Preux | November 8, 2014 | 3 | 3:26 | Uberlândia, Brazil | |
| Win | 6–0 | Wang Anying | TKO (submission to punches) | UFC Fight Night: Bisping vs. Le | August 23, 2014 | 1 | 4:50 | Macau, SAR, China | |
| Win | 5–0 | Jay Ellis | Submission (arm-triangle choke) | Absolute FC 21 | May 16, 2014 | 1 | 2:49 | Hollywood, Florida, United States | |
| Win | 4–0 | Jose Caceres | Decision (unanimous) | CFA 12 | October 12, 2013 | 3 | 5:00 | Coral Gables, Florida, United States | |
| Win | 3–0 | Jason Jackson | Decision (unanimous) | Fight Time 10 | June 22, 2012 | 3 | 5:00 | Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States | |
| Win | 2–0 | David Hayes | Submission (arm-triangle choke) | Fight Time 9 | April 27, 2012 | 2 | 1:42 | Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States | |
| Win | 1–0 | Chris Ensley | TKO (submission to knee injury) | Midtown Throwdown 3 | February 11, 2012 | 1 | 1:21 | Eugene, Oregon, United States | Welterweight debut. |