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Chicago Outfit

Updated: Wikipedia source

Chicago Outfit

The Chicago Outfit, also known as the Outfit, the Chicago Mafia, the Chicago Mob, the Chicago crime family, the South Side Gang or the Organization, is an Italian American Mafia crime family based in Chicago, Illinois, and throughout the Greater Chicago area, originating in the city's South Side in the early 1910s. The Outfit rose to power in the 1920s under the control of Johnny Torrio and Al Capone, and the period was marked by bloody gang wars for control of the distribution of illegal alcohol during Prohibition. The Outfit's power was solidified by Capone's leadership, consolidating the family into the larger American Mafia. Since then, the Outfit has been involved in a wide range of criminal activities, including loansharking, illegal gambling, prostitution, extortion, political corruption and murder. Capone was convicted of income tax evasion in 1931 and the Outfit was next run by Paul Ricca. Ricca and Tony Accardo shared power from 1943 until Ricca's death in 1972; Accardo became the sole power in the Outfit upon Ricca's death and was one of the longest-sitting bosses of all time upon his death in 1992. The family’s longest-serving boss was Joey Aiuppa, serving from 1971 until 1986. Although it has never had a complete monopoly on organized crime in Chicago, the Outfit has long been the largest, most powerful and most violent criminal organization in Chicago and the Midwest in general. Unlike other Mafia factions such as the Five Families of New York City, the Outfit has been a unified faction since its conception. Its influence at its peak stretched as far as California, Florida and Nevada and it continues to operate throughout the Midwestern United States and South Florida, as well as Las Vegas and other parts of the Southwestern United States. Heightened law enforcement attention and general attrition have led to its gradual decline since the late 20th century, though it continues to be one of the major and most active organized crime groups in the Chicago metropolitan area and the Midwest.

Infobox

Founded
c. 1910; 115 years ago (1910)
Founder
Big Jim Colosimo
Founding location
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Years active
c. 1910–present
Territory
Primarily the Chicago metropolitan area, with additional territory throughout the Midwest, as well as Las Vegas, Phoenix, South Florida and Southern California
Ethnicity
Italians as "made men" and other ethnicities as associates
Membership (est.)
28 made members and 100 associates (2007)
Activities
Racketeering, gambling, loansharking, extortion, labor racketeering, drug trafficking, bootlegging, hijacking, burglary, auto theft, fencing, fraud, money laundering, bribery, police corruption, prostitution, pornography, assault, torture, and murder
Allies
mw- Buffalo crime family Cleveland crime family Denver crime family Detroit Partnership Five Families Genna crime family Kansas City crime family Los Angeles crime family Milwaukee crime family New Orleans crime family Patriarca crime family Rockford crime family San Francisco crime family St. Louis crime family 12th Street Players Aryan Brotherhood C-Notes Dixie Mafia Forty-Two Gang Outlaws MC
Rivals
North Side Gang and various other gangs in the Chicago area

Tables

· List of murders committed by the Chicago Outfit
Carmen Trotta
Carmen Trotta
Name
Carmen Trotta
Date
March 21, 1970
Rank
Associate
Reason
Trotta, an Outfit associate, was shot to death in Lyons, Illinois. Unknown who killed him or why.
Michael Albergo
Michael Albergo
Name
Michael Albergo
Date
August 1970
Rank
Associate
Reason
The Chicago Outfit were worried Albergo, a Chicago Outfit associate and enforcer, would cooperate after being charged and arrested for loansharking. It is believed Frank Calabrese was the killer.
Robert Pronger
Robert Pronger
Name
Robert Pronger
Date
June 17, 1971
Rank
Associate
Reason
Pronger was a NASCAR driver and car racing champion. He disappeared in 1971 and is believed to have been murdered by William Dauber and Steve Ostrowsky.
Sam Cesario
Sam Cesario
Name
Sam Cesario
Date
October 19, 1971
Rank
Soldier
Reason
Cesario managed to get himself into a relationship with the girlfriend of Felix Alderisio, former Chicago Outfit boss and underboss to Sam Giancana. It is believed Cesario was shot and killed by Harry Aleman and another man.
Richard Cain
Richard Cain
Name
Richard Cain
Date
December 30, 1973
Rank
Associate
Reason
Ex-Cook County chief investigator officer Cain was shot twice with a shotgun in Rose's Sandwich Shop at 1117W. Grand Avenue by two assailants.
Carlo DeVino
Carlo DeVino
Name
Carlo DeVino
Date
January 16, 1975
Reason
A bookmaker, DeVino was shot by two assailants when he stepped out from his car in front of his home at 3631 N. Nora Avenue.
Marty Buccieri
Marty Buccieri
Name
Marty Buccieri
Date
May 12, 1975
Rank
Associate
Reason
Buccieri was killed after demanding a finders fee for helping broker financing for casino executive Allen Glick's Argent Corporation. It is believed Tony Spilotro was the killer.
Frank Goulakos
Frank Goulakos
Name
Frank Goulakos
Date
August 28, 1975
Reason
Goulakos was shot outside DiLeo's Restaurant at 5615 West Seminole Avenue, where he worked as a cook.
Nick Galanos
Nick Galanos
Name
Nick Galanos
Date
August 30, 1975
Reason
A bookie conducting business at River Forest, and an informant, Galanos was shot 7 times in a basement at his home at 5301 W. Wabansia Avenue.
Frank Plum
Frank Plum
Name
Frank Plum
Date
October 8, 1975
Reason
Plum was shot in the head four times in an alley behind 939 North California Avenue.
Anthony J. Reitinger
Anthony J. Reitinger
Name
Anthony J. Reitinger
Date
October 31, 1975
Reason
Reitinger, a bookmaker, was killed by two assailants while he sat in Mama Luna's restaurant at 4346 W. Fullerton Avenue.
Tamara Rand
Tamara Rand
Name
Tamara Rand
Date
November 9, 1975
Reason
Rand, a 54-year-old San Diego real estate investor, was suing Allen Glick, the front man for the Outfit's casinos in Las Vegas. Tony Spilotro shot Rand in her home in the Mission Hills neighborhood of San Diego. Los Angeles family member Frank Bompensiero was an accomplice in the murder.
Louis DeBartolo
Louis DeBartolo
Name
Louis DeBartolo
Date
January 31, 1976
Reason
DeBartolo was found shot in the head, with a mop handle in his throat, in a store where he worked at 5945 W. North Avenue.
Ray Ryan
Ray Ryan
Name
Ray Ryan
Date
October 18, 1977
Rank
Associate
Reason
Ryan was blown up in a car bomb in the parking lot of his Evansville, Indiana health club. Ryan had testified against Marshall Caifano in an extortion case and had tried to bribe his way out of a murder contract upon Caifano's release from prison.
Stevie Garcia
Stevie Garcia
Name
Stevie Garcia
Date
February 2, 1978
Rank
Associate
Reason
Chicago Outfit burglar, he was found inside the trunk of a car at the Sheraton Hotel next to O'Hare International Airport with multiple stab wounds including slashed from ear to ear, he was suspected of breaking into the home of Anthony Accardo.
Vince Moretti and Don Renno
Vince Moretti and Don Renno
Name
Vince Moretti and Don Renno
Date
February 4, 1978
Rank
Associates
Reason
Moretti was an ex-cop and Chicago Outfit burglar. Moretti was castrated and disemboweled, his face had been burned off with an acetylene torch and he and Renno also had their throats slashed.
James "Jimmy the Bomber" Catuara
James "Jimmy the Bomber" Catuara
Name
James "Jimmy the Bomber" Catuara
Date
July 28, 1978
Rank
Captain
Reason
Shot dead aged 72 in Cook County, Illinois behind the wheel of a Cadillac, paving the way for Albert Tocco to grab complete control of the Chicago Heights crew and the Outfit's lucrative chop-shop tax. Catuara's crew allegedly oversaw illegal gambling and prostitution.
Michael Volpe
Michael Volpe
Name
Michael Volpe
Date
October 5, 1978
Rank
Associate
Reason
Accardo's longtime housekeeper vanishes. The FBI alleges his disappearance is in connection to Volpe's testimony to a federal grand jury five days previous.
Anthony "Little Tony" Borsellino
Anthony "Little Tony" Borsellino
Name
Anthony "Little Tony" Borsellino
Date
May 22, 1979
Rank
Soldier
Reason
Borsellino, known as a Chicago Outfit hitman, was found shot five times in the back of the head and dumped in a Frankfort farm field. He was killed as a result of falling out with Gerry Scarpelli.
Timmy O'Brien
Timmy O'Brien
Name
Timmy O'Brien
Date
May 23, 1979
Rank
Associate
Reason
O'Brien, a salvage yard owner and former friend and business partner of Richie Ferraro is found shot to death in the trunk of his car in Blue Island, Illinois.
Richard D. Ortiz and Arthur Morawski
Richard D. Ortiz and Arthur Morawski
Name
Richard D. Ortiz and Arthur Morawski
Date
July 23, 1983
Rank
Associate
Reason
Ortiz had allegedly committed a murder which was not approved by the Outfit. The murder of his friend, Morawski, had not been intended.
James "Mugsy" Tortoriello
James "Mugsy" Tortoriello
Name
James "Mugsy" Tortoriello
Date
November 26, 1984
Rank
Soldier
Reason
Found in the trunk of a car, shot to death, at a warehouse near Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport.
Leonard "Little Lenny" Yaras
Leonard "Little Lenny" Yaras
Name
Leonard "Little Lenny" Yaras
Date
January 10, 1985
Rank
Associate
Reason
Yaras was allegedly known as an Outfit enforcer. Yaras was shot several times as he sat in his car. It has been alleged he was skimming profits from the Outfit.
Charles "Chuckie English" Inglese
Charles "Chuckie English" Inglese
Name
Charles "Chuckie English" Inglese
Date
February 13, 1985
Rank
Soldier
Reason
Found shot several times in the head, possibly due to a power vacuum.
Hal Smith
Hal Smith
Name
Hal Smith
Date
February 7, 1985
Rank
Associate
Reason
Bookie Hal Smith, missing since February 7, was found in the trunk of his car on February 10, beaten and tortured to death, allegedly for refusing to pay street tax to the Outfit.
Patrick "Patsy Rich" Ricciardi
Patrick "Patsy Rich" Ricciardi
Name
Patrick "Patsy Rich" Ricciardi
Date
July 24, 1985
Rank
Unknown - Associate or Soldier
Reason
Shot twice in the back of the head whilst sitting inside of a stolen car, allegedly for skimming extortion money and suspected of being an informant. His body was found in the trunk of a car on July 26, two days after going missing.
Mike Lentini
Mike Lentini
Name
Mike Lentini
Date
January 13, 1986
Rank
Associate
Reason
44-year old Lentini was shot to death while sitting inside of his car. Unknown why he was killed.
Richie DePrizio
Richie DePrizio
Name
Richie DePrizio
Date
January 27, 1986
Rank
Associate
Reason
36-year old DePrizio was shot several times in the head. It is believed he was murdered to prevent possibly testifying against the Outfit during a fraud trial.
Mike Cutler
Mike Cutler
Name
Mike Cutler
Date
May 15, 1998
Rank
None
Reason
Cutler was shot and killed before he was set to testify against the son of Outfit captain Frank "Tootsie" Caruso in an attempted murder trial.
Ronnie Jarrett
Ronnie Jarrett
Name
Ronnie Jarrett
Date
January 25, 2000
Rank
Unknown - Associate or Soldier
Reason
Jarrett is shot in December 1999 due to an inner feud with other Outfit members, and dies in January 2000.
Norberto Velez
Norberto Velez
Name
Norberto Velez
Date
November 26, 2010
Rank
Associate
Reason
Velez was allegedly an associate and enforcer for the Outfit. It has been alleged he owed the Outfit a substantial amount and took out a loan to finance a drug deal.
Bobby "Boo Boo" English Jr.
Bobby "Boo Boo" English Jr.
Name
Bobby "Boo Boo" English Jr.
Date
May 31, 2020
Rank
Associate
Reason
English was shot behind the wheel of his car. His murder remains unsolved.
Name
Date
Rank
Reason
Carmen Trotta
March 21, 1970
Associate
Trotta, an Outfit associate, was shot to death in Lyons, Illinois. Unknown who killed him or why.
Michael Albergo
August 1970
Associate
The Chicago Outfit were worried Albergo, a Chicago Outfit associate and enforcer, would cooperate after being charged and arrested for loansharking. It is believed Frank Calabrese was the killer.
Robert Pronger
June 17, 1971
Associate
Pronger was a NASCAR driver and car racing champion. He disappeared in 1971 and is believed to have been murdered by William Dauber and Steve Ostrowsky.
Sam Cesario
October 19, 1971
Soldier
Cesario managed to get himself into a relationship with the girlfriend of Felix Alderisio, former Chicago Outfit boss and underboss to Sam Giancana. It is believed Cesario was shot and killed by Harry Aleman and another man.
Richard Cain
December 30, 1973
Associate
Ex-Cook County chief investigator officer Cain was shot twice with a shotgun in Rose's Sandwich Shop at 1117W. Grand Avenue by two assailants.
Carlo DeVino
January 16, 1975
A bookmaker, DeVino was shot by two assailants when he stepped out from his car in front of his home at 3631 N. Nora Avenue.
Marty Buccieri
May 12, 1975
Associate
Buccieri was killed after demanding a finders fee for helping broker financing for casino executive Allen Glick's Argent Corporation. It is believed Tony Spilotro was the killer.
Frank Goulakos
August 28, 1975
Goulakos was shot outside DiLeo's Restaurant at 5615 West Seminole Avenue, where he worked as a cook.
Nick Galanos
August 30, 1975
A bookie conducting business at River Forest, and an informant, Galanos was shot 7 times in a basement at his home at 5301 W. Wabansia Avenue.
Frank Plum
October 8, 1975
Plum was shot in the head four times in an alley behind 939 North California Avenue.
Anthony J. Reitinger
October 31, 1975
Reitinger, a bookmaker, was killed by two assailants while he sat in Mama Luna's restaurant at 4346 W. Fullerton Avenue.
Tamara Rand
November 9, 1975
Rand, a 54-year-old San Diego real estate investor, was suing Allen Glick, the front man for the Outfit's casinos in Las Vegas. Tony Spilotro shot Rand in her home in the Mission Hills neighborhood of San Diego. Los Angeles family member Frank Bompensiero was an accomplice in the murder.
Louis DeBartolo
January 31, 1976
DeBartolo was found shot in the head, with a mop handle in his throat, in a store where he worked at 5945 W. North Avenue.
Ray Ryan
October 18, 1977
Associate
Ryan was blown up in a car bomb in the parking lot of his Evansville, Indiana health club. Ryan had testified against Marshall Caifano in an extortion case and had tried to bribe his way out of a murder contract upon Caifano's release from prison.
Stevie Garcia
February 2, 1978
Associate
Chicago Outfit burglar, he was found inside the trunk of a car at the Sheraton Hotel next to O'Hare International Airport with multiple stab wounds including slashed from ear to ear, he was suspected of breaking into the home of Anthony Accardo.
Vince Moretti and Don Renno
February 4, 1978
Associates
Moretti was an ex-cop and Chicago Outfit burglar. Moretti was castrated and disemboweled, his face had been burned off with an acetylene torch and he and Renno also had their throats slashed.
James "Jimmy the Bomber" Catuara
July 28, 1978
Captain
Shot dead aged 72 in Cook County, Illinois behind the wheel of a Cadillac, paving the way for Albert Tocco to grab complete control of the Chicago Heights crew and the Outfit's lucrative chop-shop tax. Catuara's crew allegedly oversaw illegal gambling and prostitution.
Michael Volpe
October 5, 1978
Associate
Accardo's longtime housekeeper vanishes. The FBI alleges his disappearance is in connection to Volpe's testimony to a federal grand jury five days previous.
Anthony "Little Tony" Borsellino
May 22, 1979
Soldier
Borsellino, known as a Chicago Outfit hitman, was found shot five times in the back of the head and dumped in a Frankfort farm field. He was killed as a result of falling out with Gerry Scarpelli.
Timmy O'Brien
May 23, 1979
Associate
O'Brien, a salvage yard owner and former friend and business partner of Richie Ferraro is found shot to death in the trunk of his car in Blue Island, Illinois.
Richard D. Ortiz and Arthur Morawski
July 23, 1983
Associate
Ortiz had allegedly committed a murder which was not approved by the Outfit. The murder of his friend, Morawski, had not been intended.
James "Mugsy" Tortoriello
November 26, 1984
Soldier
Found in the trunk of a car, shot to death, at a warehouse near Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport.
Leonard "Little Lenny" Yaras
January 10, 1985
Associate
Yaras was allegedly known as an Outfit enforcer. Yaras was shot several times as he sat in his car. It has been alleged he was skimming profits from the Outfit.
Charles "Chuckie English" Inglese
February 13, 1985
Soldier
Found shot several times in the head, possibly due to a power vacuum.
Hal Smith
February 7, 1985
Associate
Bookie Hal Smith, missing since February 7, was found in the trunk of his car on February 10, beaten and tortured to death, allegedly for refusing to pay street tax to the Outfit.
Patrick "Patsy Rich" Ricciardi
July 24, 1985
Unknown - Associate or Soldier
Shot twice in the back of the head whilst sitting inside of a stolen car, allegedly for skimming extortion money and suspected of being an informant. His body was found in the trunk of a car on July 26, two days after going missing.
Mike Lentini
January 13, 1986
Associate
44-year old Lentini was shot to death while sitting inside of his car. Unknown why he was killed.
Richie DePrizio
January 27, 1986
Associate
36-year old DePrizio was shot several times in the head. It is believed he was murdered to prevent possibly testifying against the Outfit during a fraud trial.
Mike Cutler
May 15, 1998
None
Cutler was shot and killed before he was set to testify against the son of Outfit captain Frank "Tootsie" Caruso in an attempted murder trial.
Ronnie Jarrett
January 25, 2000
Unknown - Associate or Soldier
Jarrett is shot in December 1999 due to an inner feud with other Outfit members, and dies in January 2000.
Norberto Velez
November 26, 2010
Associate
Velez was allegedly an associate and enforcer for the Outfit. It has been alleged he owed the Outfit a substantial amount and took out a loan to finance a drug deal.
Bobby "Boo Boo" English Jr.
May 31, 2020
Associate
English was shot behind the wheel of his car. His murder remains unsolved.

References

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  62. Chicago Sun-Times
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  63. Chicago Tribune
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  64. The Gangster Report
    https://web.archive.org/web/20230225122603/https://gangsterreport.com/dotting-the-i-from-the-heavens-chicago-outfit-heavyweight-jimmy-inendino-dead-at-83-left-legacy-of-love-fear/
  65. Russo's Hillside Chapels
    https://www.russohillsidechapels.com/obituary/JamesJimmyI-Inendino
  66. FOX 32 Chicago
    https://www.fox32chicago.com/news/notorious-chicago-mobster-joey-the-clown-lombardo-dead-at-age-90
  67. CBS Chicago
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  68. gangsterreport.com
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  69. U.S. Trying Reputed Mob Figure Again Chicago Tribune (February 8, 1995) Archived April 25, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
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  70. Lake County Mobster Gets 18 1/2-Year Term Chicago Tribune (August 25, 1993) Archived April 25, 2024, at the Wayback Mach
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  71. ABC Chicago
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  72. gangsterreport.com
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  73. CBS Chicago
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  74. Chicago Tribune
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  75. ABC Chicago
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  76. Justia Law
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  77. "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, and LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA by and through ROBERT LUSKIN, in his official capacity as General Executive Board Attorney, Plaintiffs, V. CONSTRUCTION & GENERAL LABORERS' DISTRICT COUNCIL OF CHICAGO AND VICINITY, an affiliated entity of the Laborers' International Union of North America, Defendant"
    http://laborers_chicago.tripod.com/complaintnew.htm
  78. ABC News
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  79. "As underworld workforce ages, John "Pudgy" Matassa claims he's sickly in move for sentencing delay"
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  80. Chicago Sun Times
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  81. NBC Chicago
    https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/another-chicago-mobster-goes-down/1863959/
  82. ABC News
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  83. ABC Chicago News
    https://abc7chicago.com/rudy-fratto-chicago-outfit-restitution-i-team/1981759/
  84. "The Golden Touch In Cicero: New Power Player, Louie Rainone, Emerges In Chicago Mob Circles, Per Sources"
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  85. "Five men wanted in jewelry store beating, robbery"
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  86. chicagotribune.com
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  87. "The Lost Don: When FBI agents showed up last spring to arrest the Chicago mob boss Joey "The Clown" Lombardo, there was a problem: he wasn't there, and he hadn't been seen since. But Lombardo is more than a vanishing act. He's one of a vanishing breed—a last link to the Chicago Outfit's blood-spattered heyday"
    https://www.chicagomag.com/chicago-magazine/october-2005/the-lost-don/
  88. FindLaw
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  90. yourcostuminfo.blogspot.com
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  91. IPSN
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  92. UPI
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  93. chicagotribune.com
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  94. Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs
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  95. Organized Crime and Illicit Traffic in Narcotics: Hearings Before ..., Parts 1-5
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  96. Associated Press
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  99. FindLaw
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  100. Green Spun
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  101. Chicago Sun-Times
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  102. United States v. Frontier Casetext (March 22, 2023)
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  103. Illinois Times
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  104. Chicago Business
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  106. The Case Against Barack Obama: The Unlikely Rise and Unexamined Agenda of the Media's Favorite Candidate
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  107. Chicago Business
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  108. chicagotribune.com
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  109. National Legal and Policy Center
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  110. ABC Chicago
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  111. ABC Chicago
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  112. Chicago Tribune
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  113. NWI TIMES
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  114. ABC7 Chicago
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  116. Justice Gov
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  117. ABC Chicago
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  118. NBC Chicago
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  119. Chicago Tribune
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  120. Chicago Sun Times
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  121. Chicago Sun Times
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  122. FBI
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  124. FindLaw
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  125. Chicago Sun Times
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  126. PressReader
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  127. Justice Gov
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  128. CBS News
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  129. "Sweepstakes Operator's Extortion Trial Sinks when 'Organized Crime' Mentioned"
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  130. "Charges dropped in federal juice loan extortion case that had roots in Chicago mob probe"
    https://uk.news.yahoo.com/charges-dropped-federal-juice-loan-174200000.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAH8Ky_yhKc-HMmaZnUOFpcZ1hjK4cw4Vsg4bXJkYak0i2Bz6fIu9ILMCPCixU5mKdgOlP5ysozTGywWzgt3ASFccjMvvkK2tRpA3yMnVUfq2wnUC5YYsLVX5E_yIrJ5FkkleKFpEW3857IsVEEZebHwZjkekEmQTuM-47QZeU2re
  131. Mob Convict Charged In 1987 Slaying Chicago Tribune (September 21, 1993) Archived October 18, 2025, at archive.today
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  132. Idoc State
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  133. Law Justia
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  134. Internet Inmate Status: Nicholas Gio Illinois Department of Corrections (October 18, 2025)
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  135. "GR Exclusive: Feds Eager To Get Chicago's Team Hollingshead To Turn On Vena, Assert Sources"
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  136. "Illinois Department of Corrections - Inmate Search"
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  137. Chicago Tribune
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  138. We Did What?! Offensive and Inappropriate Behavior in American History
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  139. Daily Herald
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  140. Chicago Sun Times
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  141. Chicago Sun Times
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  142. ABC Chicago
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  143. FBI
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  144. CBS News
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  145. "Former Las Vegas strip club mogul sent back to prison"
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  146. "Burr Ridge Mishandled Restaurant's Liquor License: Ex-Official"
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  147. "FindLaw's Appellate Court of Illinois case and opinions"
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  148. "Pal of Outfit boss gets 4 years for extortion"
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  149. chicagotribune.com
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  150. Feds start trial against Outfit, bike gang members ABC 7 (November 16, 2010)
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  151. Police 1
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  152. Justice Gov
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  153. Find Law
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  154. "USA v. Anthony Volpendesto, No. 11-3022 (7th Cir. 2014)"
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  155. The Gangster Report
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  156. ABC News
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  157. James DiForti, 55, Ex-Official of Labor Union Chicago Tribune (June 24, 2000) Archived April 4, 2024, at the Wayback Mac
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  159. United States of America v. Robert Salerno FindLaw (March 4, 1997) Archived June 5, 2025, at archive.today
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  160. Unmoved by mobster's plea, judge gives him life in prison Matt O'Connor, Chicago Tribune (October 7, 1995)
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  161. Tereba 2012, pp. 24–25.
  162. The New York Times
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  163. Open Jurist
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  164. C-1 and the Chicago Mob
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  165. The New York Times
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  166. Google books
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  167. Tucson Sentinel
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  168. The Mafia: A Guide to an American Subculture: A Guide to an American Subculture
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  169. "Mob debt collector's cooperation pays off with light sentence"
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  170. Chicago Tribune
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  171. The New York Times
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  172. Gov Archives
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  173. "A judge refused Wednesday to dismiss murder charges against..."
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  174. Cullotta: The Life of a Chicago Criminal, Las Vegas Mobster and Government Witness
    https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780929712451
  175. "Ex-mobster Frank Cullotta, crony of Tony Spilotro, dies in Las Vegas"
    https://www.reviewjournal.com/local/local-las-vegas/ex-mobster-frank-cullotta-crony-of-tony-spilotro-dies-in-las-vegas-2100017/
  176. CBS Chicago
    https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2013/07/12/30-years-later-mob-hitmen-murders-remain-unsolved/
  177. UPI
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  178. ABC 7
    https://abc7chicago.com/archive/6072155/
  179. Daily Herald
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  180. Law Justia
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  181. Daily Herald
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  182. Los Angeles Times
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  183. The Washington Post
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  184. Corrupt Illinois: Patronage, Cronyism, and Criminality
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  185. Los Angeles Times
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  186. Law Justia
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  187. aarc Library
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  188. ProPublica
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  189. The Chicago Mafia: Down but Not Out Federal Bureau of Investigation (June 27, 2011) Archived May 6, 2017, at archive.tod
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  190. Street Crew Neighborhoods Oxford University Press (December 2012) Archived May 23, 2025, at archive.today
    https://academic.oup.com/illinois-scholarship-online/book/18296/chapter-abstract/176319685?redirectedFrom=fulltext
  191. Is the mob still active in Chicago? Yes, but it's not what you might expect Chuck Goudie, Lisa Capitanini and Katy Smyse
    https://www.nbcchicago.com/investigations/is-the-mob-still-active-in-chicago-yes-but-its-not-what-you-might-expect/3746570/
  192. A Chicago Mob Summer: Outfit Don Solly D, Cicero Crew Power Paulie C & Entourage Descend On Taylor St. For Italian Festi
    https://gangsterreport.com/a-chicago-mob-summer-outfit-don-solly-d-cicero-crew-power-paulie-c-entourage-descend-on-taylor-st-for-italian-festival/
  193. Ken Eto and the Chicago Outfit Gary Jenkins, Gangland Wire (January 18, 2022) Archived May 24, 2025, at archive.today
    https://ganglandwire.com/ken-eto-and-the-chicago-outfit/
  194. The Chicago Way
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  195. The Chicago Tribune
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  196. The Chicago Tribune
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  197. ABC 7 News
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  198. Sportscasting
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  199. Chicago Tribune
  200. Tamara Rand Part One: Messing with the Mob KSNV (October 27, 2015) Archived June 30, 2025, at the Wayback Machine
    https://news3lv.com/features/video-vault/video-vault--tamara-rand-part-one--messing-with-the-mob
  201. A Geography of San Diego Murders Matt Potter, San Diego Reader (June 22, 1989) Archived June 30, 2025, at archive.today
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  202. Allen Glick and the killing of Tamara Rand Matt Potter, San Diego Reader (August 6, 2021) Archived June 30, 2025, at arc
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  203. The Chicago Tribune
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  204. The Chicago Reader
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  205. The Outfit: The Role Of Chicago's Underworld In The Shaping Of Modern America
    https://books.google.com/books?id=yWVwLXf4xwcC&dq=michael+volpe+chicago+october+5+1978&pg=PT418
  206. The Oklahoman
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  207. "Ex-Rackets Boss Slain in Elmwood Park," Chicago Tribune, February 14, 1985.
  208. UPI
    https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/02/16/Reputed-mobster-Charles-English-70-slain-gangland-style-earlier/1872477378000/
  209. "Betting Ring suspect Dead in Car Trunk," by Andrew Fegelman and Ronald Kozial, Chicago Tribune, February 11, 1985.
  210. ABC News
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  211. "Missing Porn-Theater Owner Found Dead in Car Trunk" by Ray Gibson, Chicago Tribune, July 27, 1985.
  212. Los Angeles Times
    https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jul-01-mn-51916-story.html
  213. "Drug Ring Unearthed by Slaying Probe" by Eric Ferkenhoff and Cam Simpson, Chicago Tribune, November 4, 2000.
  214. IPSN
    https://ipsn.org/grand-jury-lifting-veil-on-unsolved-mob-hits/
  215. ABC News
    https://abc7chicago.com/mobster-denied-pardon-by-trump-takes-gangland-secrets-to-grave/3565783/
  216. CBS News
    https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/man-murdered-in-wrigleyville-apartment-building/
  217. "The American Mafia – Joe Aiello"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20101127170817/http://onewal.com/w-aiello.html
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