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Decree #164
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Constitution of the Chechen Republic, Article 59.5
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Constitution, Article 5.1
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Official website of the Chechen Republic. Ramzan Akhmatovich Kadyrov Archived 11 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in
http://chechnya.gov.ru/page.php?r=2 -
"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"
https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx -
"Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации
http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085 -
Constitution of the Chechen Republic, Article 10.1
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Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
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The Territories of the Russian Federation 2012
https://books.google.com/books?id=wOVjhOAfn_kC -
The work of Leonti Mroveli: "The history of the Georgian Kings" dealing with the history of Georgia and the Caucasus sin
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Caucasian Knot
https://eng.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/1887/ -
The Vainakhs (the Chechen and Ingush)
https://web.archive.org/web/20120225132940/https://www.circassianworld.com/pdf/The_Vainakhs_George_Anchabadze.pdf -
Science
https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.288.5469.1158?sid=b73d602d-8965-4c4a-90ba-26a04c20dab7 -
The Chechens: a handbook
https://books.google.com/books?id=PnjAlei9fe0C&q=Deela-Malkh&pg=PA110 -
History of Ingush nation
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Рефлексия
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proza.ru
https://proza.ru/2019/12/30/99 -
Anciennes croyances des Ingouches et des Tchétchènes: peuples du Caucase du Nord
https://books.google.com/books?id=J1qtAWyeYOEC -
The Diversity of the Chechen Culture: From Historical Roots to the Present
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001860/186004E.pdf -
The Insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus: From Gazavat to Jihad
https://books.google.com/books?id=IGj4B1rdcu0C&q=russo+persian+war+1722+vainakh&pg=PA53 -
Iran at War: 1500–1988
https://books.google.com/books?id=dUHhTPdJ6yIC&q=agha+mohammad+khan+conquer+georgia&pg=PT273 -
"The Ingush People"
http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~ingush/ingush_people.html -
John Frederick Baddeley, The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus, London, Curzon Press, 1999, p. 49.
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Russian Imperialism: Development and Crisis
https://books.google.com/books?id=Ey63iJcVvbMC&q=treaty+of+gulistan+azerbaijan+dagestan&pg=PA56 -
"Человек из камня Байсангур Беноевский"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tO--iigYIes -
Countries & Territories since 1900
http://w.ethnia.org/polity.php?ASK_CODE=KC__&ASK_YY=1917&ASK_MM=12&ASK_DD=21&SL=en -
"Общественное движение чеченский комитет национального спасения"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140223044426/http://savechechnya.com/eng.news/press_1273.htm -
"Вассан-Гирей Джабагиев"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140221174845/http://vainah.info/biblioteka/izvestnye-vaynahi/item/730-vassan-girey-dzhabagiev?tmpl=component&print=1 -
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
http://www.rferl.org/content/chechnya-ukraine-holodomor-survivors/25177285.html -
Lieven, Dominic. "Russia: Chechnya". Microsoft Encarta 2008. Microsoft.
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BBC News
https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3509933.stm -
Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University P
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Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev. Time of darkness. Moscow, 2003, ISBN 5-85646-097-9, pp. 205–206.
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Bugay 1996, p. 106.
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Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
http://www.unpo.org/article/438 -
James Hughes. "The Peace Process in Chechnya", in Richard Sakwa (ed.), Chechnya: From Past to Future, p. 271.
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"'Dual attack' killed president"
https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/325347.stm -
friends-partners.org
https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033829/http://www.friends-partners.org/friends/news/omri/1997/05/970512I.html -
Freedom House
https://web.archive.org/web/20111024203612/http://www.freedomhouse.org/modules/mod_call_dsp_country-fiw.cfm?year=2003&country=2593 -
Leon Aron. Chechnya, New Dimensions of the Old Crisis Archived 12 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine . AEI, 1 February 20
http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.15848/pub_detail.asp -
Alex Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko. Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the K
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Tishkov, Valery. Chechnya: Life in a War-Torn Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004, p. 114.
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"Four Western hostages beheaded in Chechnya"
https://web.archive.org/web/20021203141902/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9812/08/chechnya.01/ -
Harrigan, Steve. "Moscow again plans wider war in Dagestan". CNN. 19 August 1999. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/europe/9908/19/russia.dagestan.02/ -
"Context of 'September 13, 1999: Second Moscow Apartment Bombing Kills 118; Chechen Rebels Blamed'". History Commons. (A
http://www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=a091399kashirskoyebomb -
"Gay Chechens flee threats, beatings and exorcism"
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43658689 -
Chechnya: To the Heart of a Conflict
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BBC News
https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2365383.stm -
"Moscow court begins siege claims". BBC News. 24 December 2002.
https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2602945.stm -
"Moscow hostage relatives await news"
https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2364873.stm -
The Daily Telegraph
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/1425501/Boycott-call-in-Chechen-poll-ignored.html -
The Economist
https://www.economist.com/news/2003/03/25/putins-proposition -
"August 31, 2006: Beslan – Two Years On"
https://web.archive.org/web/20090404112922/http://www.unicef.org/russia/media_4875.html -
"Putin meets angry Beslan mothers". BBC News. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4207112.stm -
"The children of Beslan five years on". BBC News. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/8227119.stm -
"Ramzan Kadyrov: Putin's key Chechen ally"
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31794742 -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ramzan-kadyrov-the-warrior-king-of-chechnya-430738.html -
Jamestown
http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=5241&no_cache=1#.VoXQNVJUXzc -
"Russia 'ends Chechnya operation'"
https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8001495.stm -
"Salafist-Takfiri Jihadism: the Ideology of the Caucasus Emirate"
https://web.archive.org/web/20140903083632/http://www.ict.org.il/Article/132/Salafist-Takfiri%20Jihadism%20the%20Ideology%20of%20the%20Caucasus%20Emirate -
"The Chechens: Putin's Loyal Foot Soldiers"
https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/chechens-putins-loyal-foot-soldiers -
ABC News
https://abcnews.go.com/International/chechen-volunteer-fighters-back-ukraines-russian-resistance/story?id=98528574 -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/technology/two-russian-regions-block-telegram-app-over-security-fears-2025-03-08/ -
Climate of Chechnya. Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
https://en.climate-data.org/asia/russian-federation/chechnya-702/ -
"Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2025 года"
https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Сhisl_MO_01-01-2025.xlsx -
Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1
http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm -
"Национальный состав населения"
https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx -
"Демографический ежегодник России"
https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 -
Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of Russia
https://web.archive.org/web/20220220124657/https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/31293 -
"Russian Federal State Statistics Service"
https://showdata.rosstat.gov.ru/finder/ -
"НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ЧЕЧНИ"
http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnchechenia.html -
"Перепись-2010: русских становится больше"
https://web.archive.org/web/20181225111852/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm -
Современная религиозная жизнь России. Опыт систематического описания
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Caucasus Times
https://caucasustimes.com/ru/v-chechne-nabljudaetsja-vysokaja-stepen-r/ -
Jamestown
http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3334 -
Religion and Politics in Russia: A Reader
https://books.google.com/books?id=DEufvUyRcygC&q=Shafi+Chechens&pg=PA113 -
"The Kremlin's War on Islamic Education in the North Caucasus"
https://web.archive.org/web/20071011204749/http://jamestown.org/chechnya_weekly/article.php?articleid=2372572 -
Nazgul A. Mingisheva and Yesbossyn M. Smagulov, "Chechnya" in Mark Juergensmeyer and Wade Clark Roof, Encyclopedia of Gl
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Interfax Information Services Group. "Chechnya saw the first mass baptism in its today's history". Retrieved 9 July 2012
http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=8678 -
"Chechnya profile"
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18188085 -
Le Monde
https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/03/20/the-extent-of-fraud-in-russia-s-presidential-election-begins-to-emerge_6638830_4.html -
Yahoo News
https://www.yahoo.com/news/chechnya-boosts-putin-election-almost-095933820.html -
unpo.org
https://unpo.org/members/20854 -
in 1993, ex –President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia recognized Chechnya's independence.., Archived 21 August 2013 at th
http://pirweli.com.ge/eng/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3399&Itemid=45 -
Are Chechens in Afghanistan? Archived 7 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine – By Nabi Abdullaev, 14 December 2001, Moscow
http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/5597-11.cfm -
Kullberg, Anssi. "The Background of Chechen Independence Movement III: The Secular Movement". The Eurasian politician. 1
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Kari Takamaa and Martti Koskenneimi. The Finnish Yearbook of International Law. p147
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Kuzio, Taras. "The Chechen crisis and the 'near abroad'". Central Asian Survey, Volume 14, Issue 4 1995, pages 553–572
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"What is Hidden Behind the Idea of the Caucasian Emirate?"
http://www.itstime.it/Commenti/CaucEmiri.pdf -
Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-lawmakers-brand-chechnya-russian-occupied-dig-kremlin-2022-10-18/ -
Government efforts help only some IDPs rebuild their lives, IDMC, 13 August 2007 Archived 21 August 2013 at the Wayback
http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpCountrySummaries)/441ED4F5458A7C1DC125733600369629?OpenDocument&count=10000 -
Chechnya Holds Parliamentary Vote, Morning Edition, NPR, 28 November 2005.
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5028949 -
Human Rights Watch:Chechnya: Research Shows Widespread and Systematic Use of Torture
https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2006/11/12/chechnya-research-shows-widespread-and-systematic-use-torture -
Worst of the Worst: The World's Most Repressive Societies Archived 10 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine (PDF), Freedo
https://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/WoW09/WOW%202009.pdf -
Memorial Human Rights Defence Centre
https://ruswars.org/report/Report_Memorial.pdf -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/01/world/europe/01torture.html?_r=0&pagewanted=all -
Amnesty International:Russian Federation Rule Without Law: Human Rights violations in the North Caucasus Archived 3 Febr
https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur46/012/2009/en/l -
Human Rights Watch:"You Dress According to Their Rules" Enforcement of an Islamic Dress Code for Women in Chechnya Archi
https://www.hrw.org/print/reports/2011/03/10/you-dress-according-their-rules -
Kp.ru -
https://www.kp.ru/daily/24169/380743/ -
Chechen President Kadyrov Defends Honor Killings Archived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine The St. Petersburg Times 3
http://www.sptimes.ru/index.php?story_id=28409&action_id=2 -
Novaya Gazeta
https://www.novayagazeta.ru/articles/2017/07/09/73065-eto-byla-kazn-v-noch-na-26-yanvarya-v-groznom-rasstrelyany-desyatki-lyudey -
Institute of Modern Russia
https://web.archive.org/web/20170821084419/https://imrussia.org/en/the-rundown/media-must-reads/2820-who-is-afraid-of-navalny,-killings-in-chechnya,-trump-putin-meeting -
OC Media
https://oc-media.org/dozens-of-relatives-of-government-critics-reportedly-kidnapped-in-chechnya/ -
Freedom House
https://freedomhouse.org/report/transnational-repression/russia -
The Independent
https://web.archive.org/web/20180131011156/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-gay-rights-lgbt-chechnya-persecution-st-petersburg-may-day-protest-a7711531.html -
The New York Times
https://web.archive.org/web/20171124052634/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/world/europe/russia-gay-rights-chechnya.html -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/01/world/europe/chechen-authorities-arresting-and-killing-gay-men-russian-paper-says.html -
The Globe and Mail
https://www.theglobeandmail.com//news/world/chechnya-police-arrest-100-suspected-gay-men-three-killed-report/article34559281/ -
PinkNews
http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/04/10/chechnya-has-opened-concentration-camps-for-gay-men/ -
Irish Independent
http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/over-100-people-allegedly-sent-to-concentration-camps-for-gay-men-in-chechnya-35610969.html -
Novaya Gazeta
https://www.novayagazeta.ru/articles/2017/04/04/72027-raspravy-nad-chechenskimi-geyami-publikuem-svidetelstva -
"Persecution of LGBTI people in the Chechen Republic (Russian Federation), Resolution 2230 (2018)"
https://pace.coe.int/en/files/24962/html -
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/13/they-called-us-animals-chechens-prison-beatings-electric-shocks-anti-gay-purge -
"Combating rising hate against LGBTI people in Europe"
https://assembly.coe.int/LifeRay/EGA/Pdf/TextesProvisoires/2021/20210921-RisingHateLGBTI-EN.pdf -
Associated Press
https://apnews.com/88929f353d494b3a87843002d02ad155 -
Gay Times
https://www.gaytimes.co.uk/community/117320/chechnya-has-reportedly-launched-a-new-gay-purge/ -
The Independent
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/chechnya-gay-purge-lgbt-detention-torture-missing-men-women-beating-a8723011.html -
Novaya Gazeta
https://web.archive.org/web/20191011223326/https://www.novayagazeta.ru/news/2019/01/11/148260-chechnya -
Российская ЛГБТ-сеть
https://web.archive.org/web/20190630191112/https://lgbtnet.org/en/newseng/new-wave-persecution-against-lgbt-people-chechnya-around-40-people-detained-least-two-killed -
"Activists Say 40 Detained And 2 Dead in Gay Purge in Chechnya"
https://www.npr.org/2019/01/14/685192372/activists-say-40-detained-and-2-dead-in-gay-purge-in-chechnya -
Europe-Asia Studies
https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668130601072761 -
The New York Times
https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/30/world/europe/30grozny.html -
"Chechnya, Republic of Unemployment rate, 1990-2014 - knoema.com"
https://web.archive.org/web/20170412062011/https://knoema.com/atlas/Russian-Federation/Chechnya-Republic-of/Unemployment-rate -
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-azerbaijan-oil-agreement-chechnya/25091138.html -
"Chechnya Forbids Music Outside 80-116 BPM Tempo", Moscow Times, 5 April 2024
https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/04/05/chechnya-forbids-music-outside-80-116-bpm-tempo-a84755 -
/ˈtʃɛtʃniə/ CHETCH-nee-ə; Russian: Чечня́, .mw- .mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw- IPA: [tɕɪtɕˈnʲa]; Ch
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Russian: Чече́нская Респу́блика, romanized: Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: Нохчийн Республика, romanized: Noxçiyn Res
